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36-497: The faculty of medicine was founded in 1962 as a branch of Cairo University . In 1972, a presidential decree announced the establishment of the university under the name "East Delta University". Its name was changed to Mansoura University in 1973. In 2018, the Mansourasaurus , a genus of herbivorous lithostrotian sauropod dinosaur , had been discovered by a team under Mansoura University paleontologist Hesham Sallam and

72-477: A lack of professional faculty to fulfill the founders' educational vision. There were simply no Egyptians with doctoral degrees, the ability to teach in Arabic and a familiarity with Western literature in their fields with whom to fill professorial posts. Thus European Orientalists who lectured in classical Arabic filled many posts until the 1930s. The university also sent its own students on educational missions to obtain

108-548: A part of her fundraising campaign for the establishment of Egypt's first formal university. Following the Denshawai incident , Mustafa Kamil al-Ghamrawi, a wealthy notable from Beni Suef , pledged 500 Egyptian pounds towards a university in September 1906. Mustafa Kamil published a call for supplementary funds, while Saad Zaghlul and Qasim Amin arranged a meeting attended by Muhammad Farid and 23 other prominent Egyptians. The members of

144-538: A program: Construction Engineering. In 2009, it introduced the Water and Environmental Engineering Program. The British colonial government, particularly Lord Cromer, had long opposed the establishment of such a university. Only a year after his departure from Egypt, under Sir Eldon Gorst, was the Egyptian University finally established. The Egyptian educational system remained neglected by the colonial government under

180-512: A state institution under Fuad I. The liberal arts college (kulliyat al-adab) of 1908 was joined with the schools of law and medicine, and a new faculty of science was added. Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid became the first president. Cairo University is usually ranked among the best universities in Egypt, and one of the top universities in Africa. In QS ranking 2021 , Cairo University was ranked the 2nd in Egypt and

216-564: A state prisoner, until his death. He was later buried in Cairo . After the nationalist Urabi Revolt of 1882, Britain invaded Egypt in support of Tewfik Pasha, and established an occupation over the country . During this period, the Muhammad Ali Dynasty under Tewfik Pasha and his son Abbas II continued to rule Egypt and Sudan using the title Khedive , whilst still under nominal ( de jure ) Ottoman sovereignty until 1914. Abbas II of Egypt

252-522: A teaching post at the university. A number of other prominent Egyptians played a role in the university's foundation. A collection of large landowners, bureaucrats, members of the royal family , and journalists, lawyers, and school teachers including Mustafa Kamil , disciples of Muhammad Abduh such as Qasim Amin and Saad Zaghlul , and eventually Khedive Abbas II and Prince Ahmad Fu’ad I became involved. As Donald M. Reid writes, "Royalist partisans stressed Fu'ad's founding role, Watanists (supporters of

288-496: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cairo University Cairo University ( Arabic : جامعة القاهرة , romanized :  Jāmiʿat al-Qāhira ) is Egypt 's premier public university . Its main campus is in Giza , immediately across the Nile from Cairo . It was founded on 21 December 1908; after being housed in various parts of Cairo, its faculties, beginning with

324-467: Is one of the 50 largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrollment. Before he retired in 1907, the British representative in Egypt, Lord Cromer , remained opposed to establishing of higher education in the country for fear that it would foment unrest. The university opened as a small private institution in 1908. Its early founding and location made it a model for later universities throughout

360-702: The 1798 French invasion of Egypt and Napoleon 's defeat of Egyptian forces, which consisted largely of the ruling Mamluk military caste, the Ottoman Empire dispatched troops from Rumelia (the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire) under the command of Muhammad Ali Pasha to restore the Empire's authority in what had hitherto been an Ottoman province. However, upon the French defeat and departure, Muhammad Ali seized control of

396-457: The National Party ) pointed out Mustafa Kamil's call for a university, and Wafdists emphasized the contributions of Saad Zaghlul, Muhammad Abduh, and Qasim Amin." Wealthy Egyptians began to independently pledge funds to the establishment of a university as early as 1905. Significant contributions were made by Princess Fatma Ismail . In the early 1900s, she donated land to the university as

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432-479: The viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914. It is attested in Persian poetry from the 10th century and was used as an Ottoman honorific from the 16th. It was borrowed into Ottoman Turkish directly from Persian. It was first used in Egypt, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha , the ethnically Albanian governor of Ottoman Egypt and Turco-Egyptian Sudan from 1805 to 1848. The initially self-declared title

468-550: The 6th across Africa, and it was rated 561-570 worldwide. In the ARWU 2020 ranking , the university was ranked 1st in Egypt. It was rated 401-500 worldwide. According to the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) 2020–21, the university was ranked 1st in Egypt, and the 558th worldwide. Cairo University includes a School of Law and a School of Medicine . The Medical School, also known as Kasr Alaini ( القصر العيني , Qasr-el-'Ayni),

504-615: The Arab world. It was taken over as a state university in 1925 and became Cairo University in 1954. The university was founded on 21 December 1908, as the result of an effort to establish a national center for higher education. Several constituent colleges preceded the establishment of the university including the College of Engineering ( كلية الهندسة ) in 1816, which was shut down by the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan , Sa'id Pasha , in 1854. Cairo University

540-661: The Faculty of Arts, were established on its current main campus in Giza in October 1929. The university was known as the Egyptian University from 1908 to 1940, and King Fuad I University and Fu'ād al-Awwal University from 1940 to 1952. The university is the second oldest institution of higher education in Egypt after Al-Azhar University , notwithstanding the pre-existing higher professional schools that later became constituent colleges of

576-459: The Khedive. Donald M. Reid speculates that this was due to fear that European-style education would foment political unrest or nationalistic sentiments . Cromer also opposed providing financial aid to the university after the private committee began to pursue the matter independently of the colonial government. In its early years, the university did not have a campus but rather advertised lectures in

612-735: The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh , India, which delivered a Western-style education in the English language, or the Syrian Protestant College (now the American University of Beirut ) in Beirut, run by American missionaries. The new school would provide an alternative to the student missions to Europe begun under Muhammad Ali . Controversy surrounding Zaydan's publications would later prevent him from taking

648-592: The Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II to depose Ismail Pasha, and this was done on June 26, 1879. The more pliable Tewfik Pasha , Ismail's son, was made his successor as the new Khedive. Ismail Pasha left Egypt and initially went into exile to Naples , but was eventually permitted by Sultan Abdülhamid II to retire to his Palace of Emirgan on the Bosphorus in Constantinople . There he remained, more or less

684-606: The basis for a university." These higher schools included the School of Management and Languages, established in 1868 (which became the School of Law in 1886), the School of Irrigation and Construction (known as the School of Engineering) in 1866, Dar al-Ulum in 1872, the School of Agriculture in 1867 and the School of Antiquities 1869. Syrian journalist Jurji Zaydan called for an "Egyptian college school" (madrasa kulliya misriyya ) in 1900 in his monthly magazine Al-Hilal . He provided two models for this institute of higher education:

720-521: The country and declared himself ruler of Egypt, quickly consolidating an independent local powerbase. After repeated failed attempts to remove and kill him, in 1805, the Sublime Porte officially recognized Muhammad Ali as Pasha and Wāli (Governor) of Egypt. However, demonstrating his grander ambitions, he claimed for himself the higher title of Khedive, as did his successors, Abbas I , Sa'id I and Ibrahim Pasha . The Muhammad Ali dynasty 's use of

756-483: The direction of Lord Cromer. Two decades after the establishment of British rule, education received less than 1 percent of the state budget. Cromer publicly stated that free public education was not an appropriate policy for a nation such as Egypt, although the funds were found to refurbish the law school in Cairo so Egyptians did not have to go abroad to obtain legal degrees during Sir John Scott 's time as Judicial Advisor to

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792-399: The eight schools joined. A new Central Library is planned. Khedive Khedive ( / k ə ˈ d iː v / kə- DEEV ; Ottoman Turkish : خدیو , romanized :  hıdiv ; Arabic : خديوي , romanized :  khudaywī ) was an honorific title of Classical Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire , but most famously for

828-554: The meeting founded a committee with Zaghlul as vice-president and Amin as secretary, and all but three pledged at least 100 Egyptian pounds towards the university. However, splinters quickly emerged between the Watanists, the disciples of Abduh and the Royalists, leaving the project in the hands of the Palace. By the time of its establishment in 1908, Prince Fuad I was the rector, and only one of

864-445: The men who had met in 1906 remained in the committee. Concerning the faculty of engineering In 2006, the college began implementing the credit hour system by launching the following programs: construction engineering, computer and telecommunications engineering. In 2007 programs that were developed: mechanical design engineering, architecture engineering and construction technology and petrochemical engineering. In 2008, it introduced

900-499: The murder. After conducting interviews with about 20 people, including the victim's family, judicial authorities said that Adel had repeatedly tried to approach Ashraf after she had rejected his offer of marriage. The family had also requested a restraining order against him more than two months before the murder. The murder would trigger widespread outcry both in and outside of Egypt, with the video of Ashraf's murder going viral on social media. Many Jordanian and Egyptian users called for

936-466: The necessary training. First, the university hired Italians Carlo Nallino, David Santillana and Ignazio Guidi, due to King Fuad I's connections with Italy. Following the departure of the Italians after the invasion of Libya, French orientalists Gaston Wiet and Louis Massignon took up posts on the faculty. The Germans and British were less represented. In 1925, the university was re-founded and expanded as

972-623: The perpetrator to be sentenced to death, while others said men must "learn to take no for an answer". On 14 June 2023 Egyptian authorities executed Adel by hanging . Adel's death sentence was carried out in Gamasa Prison after the Court of Cassation upheld the death sentence in February. According to Times Higher Education (THE) ( Edition: 2020 ), the ranking of Mansoura University is: This article about an Egyptian institution of higher education

1008-421: The press. Lectures would be held in various palaces and conference halls. After a grand opening ceremony in 1908, it remained on financial insecure footing for a number of years, nearly collapsing during World War I. Upon its founding in 1908, the Egyptian University had a women's section but this was closed in 1912. Women were first readmitted to the arts faculty in 1928. Problems during this period also included

1044-451: The time became a part of the university (except Al-Azhar), like Kasr Alainy (Medical School), Muhandess Khana (School of Engineering), Dar Al-Uloom (House of Science) and others that were established by Muhammad Ali Pasha . They became Faculties of the university after joining (e.g. the Faculty of Medicine or Faculty of Engineering ). Other Faculties were later founded by the university after

1080-577: The title Khedive was not sanctioned by the Ottoman Empire until 1867 when Sultan Abdülaziz officially recognized it as the title of Ismail Pasha. Moreover, the Porte accepted Ismail's alteration of the royal line of succession to go from father to son, rather than brother to brother, as was the tradition in the Ottoman Empire, and Arab dynasties. In May 1879, the United Kingdom and France began pressuring

1116-538: The university. The university was founded and funded as the Egyptian University by a committee of private citizens with royal patronage in 1908 and became a state institution under King Fuad I in 1925. In 1940, four years following his death, the university was renamed King Fuad I University in his honor. It was renamed a second time after the 1952 Egyptian Revolution . The university currently enrolls approximately 155,000 students in 20 faculties and 3 institutions. It counts three Nobel Laureates among its graduates and

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1152-407: Was founded as a European-inspired civil university, in contrast to the religious university of Al Azhar , and became the prime indigenous model for other state universities. In 1928, the first group of female students enrolled at the university. On 27 January 2020, Egypt's High Administrative Court approved Cairo University's decision to ban its professors from wearing the niqab or face veil which

1188-439: Was introduced in 2015. At the turn of the century, Egyptian intellectuals and public figures began making calls to establish an Egyptian institute of higher education to provide a modern, professional education to Egyptians. Armenian bureaucrat Yaqub Artin made the first known published reference to establishing an Egyptian university in 1894. In a report, he suggested "the existing higher professional schools could well provide

1224-430: Was named after the university. On June 20, 2022, Mohammad Adel approached fellow student Nayera Ashraf near Mansoura University, severely beat her, and stabbed her multiple times. Videos of the crime showed Ashraf fighting for her life as bystanders tried to help her. The perpetrator, Mohamed Adel, confessed to the killing and pointed to disputes between the two and her refusal of his marriage proposal as his motive for

1260-452: Was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867 and used subsequently by Isma'il Pasha of Egypt and his dynastic successors until 1914. The term entered Arabic in Egypt in the 1850s. This title is recorded in English since 1867, borrowed from French khédive , in turn from Ottoman Turkish خدیو hıdiv , from Classical Persian خدیو khidēv ("lord"). Following

1296-478: Was one of the first medical schools in Africa and the Middle East. Its first building was donated by Alaini Pasha. It has since undergone extensive expansion. The first president of Cairo University, then known as the Egyptian University, was Professor Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed , who served from 1925 to 1941. After the Egyptian University's establishment in 1908, all Institutions of higher education that were in Egypt at

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