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60-560: MISD serves Mansfield and portions of the cities of Grand Prairie , Arlington , and Burleson . A small portion of Cedar Hill , Fort Worth , Kennedale , and Rendon also lie within the district (only in nearby areas). A few Fort Worth and Kennedale residents are zoned mainly to go to Tarver-Rendon Elementary School, and a few Cedar Hill residents are zoned to go to Danny Jones Middle School and Mary Lillard Intermediate School. The district also extends into northeastern Johnson County . MISD has over 49 schools and district facilities. Among

120-415: A $ 100,000 settlement to Charlotte Anderson Elementary School teacher Stacy Bailey. She had been placed on paid administrative leave for showing her students a picture of her fiancee, who is a woman. The district also agreed to remove the eight-month leave from her record, and offer training on LGBTQ issues to human resources and counseling staff. Mansfield, Texas Mansfield is a suburban city in

180-565: A 262-bed hospital of the Methodist Health System in Dallas; and Texas Health Hospital Mansfield , which opened on December 1, 2020, it is a joint venture between Texas Health Resources and AdventHealth . Mansfield also has five nursing homes, several urgent care centers, Kindred Hospital—an acute care rehab hospital, Baylor Surgicare at Mansfield—a day surgery center, three assisted living/senior apartments, two Cook Children's clinics and

240-746: A Children's Home in Denton, Texas . The Historical Foundation of the CPC and the CPCA maintains its library and archives at the Cumberland Presbyterian Center in Memphis. In recent years, the denomination adopted an alternate educational route to ordination of ministers, known as the Program of Alternate Studies . PAS, as it became known, was intended to serve persons embarking on a second vocation but not as an alternate

300-584: A Cook Children's Specialty Care Facility under construction. Cumberland Presbyterian Church The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian denomination spawned by the Second Great Awakening . In 2019, it had 65,087 members and 673 congregations, of which 51 were located outside of the United States . The word Cumberland comes from the Cumberland River valley where the church

360-607: A protracted dispute which touched upon the nature of ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Ultimately, the synod decided to dissolve Cumberland Presbytery and expel a number of its ministers. The Cumberland Presbyterian denomination was made up of the expelled members of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) and others in the area when the Kentucky Synod dissolved the original Cumberland Presbytery. There

420-422: A seminary education. However, a larger and larger percentage of candidates for the ministry are being allowed by their presbyteries to choose this non-seminary route to ordination, prompting a debate over what many in the church regard as a lessening of educational standards. At the present rate, the number of Cumberland Presbyterian clergy ordained without a seminary degree will surpass seminary-trained clergy within

480-608: A slightly revised version of the 1883 Confession of Faith of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC); the main body of the CPC adopted a new Confession Of Faith in 1984. The seeds of the Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church arose from a group known as the Fellowship of Cumberland Presbyterian Conservatives. Members of this group protested modernizing trends within that denomination, in particular

540-400: Is a part of Midwest Synod of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Formed from Green River Synod in 1845 and dissolved back into Green River Synod in 1865. This Kentucky Synod's history is largely unknown. It was dissolved for repeatedly failing to meet. In 1888, the name of Green River Synod was changed to Kentucky Synod. In 1988, Kentucky Synod merged with North Central Synod to form

600-527: Is historical evidence in the writings of several of the founders that indicate they did not intend the split to be permanent and certainly did not anticipate a long-standing separate denomination. On February 4, 1810, near what later became Burns, Tennessee , in the log cabin home of the Rev. Samuel McAdow , he, the Rev. Finis Ewing and the Rev. Samuel King reorganized Cumberland Presbytery. After rapid growth, Cumberland Presbytery became Cumberland Synod in 1813 and

660-472: Is present also in Iowa , Missouri , Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Maryland , Pennsylvania , New York , Massachusetts , New Jersey , New Mexico, Arizona and California . The church has Korean language speaking Presbyteries. Prior to the 1906 partial union, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church placed a great deal of emphasis on education and sponsored 22 colleges and universities. All but one united with

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720-538: Is suspected that there was a cluster of houses in the area. In 1856, Julian Feild purchased 540 acres (2.2 km ) in the Mansfield area. Man and Feild completed their three-story brick grist mill sometime between 1856 and 1859. The mill, which produced flour and meal, was the first built in North Texas to utilize steam power and enjoyed patronage as far south as San Antonio and as far north as Oklahoma . The location of

780-738: Is zoned to the Midlothian Independent School District . The high schools in the district are Mansfield High School , Mansfield Summit High School , Mansfield Timberview High School , Mansfield Legacy High School , Frontier High School , Mansfield Lake Ridge High School , Mansfield Early College High School, and the Alternative Education Center consisting of the ACE program and the BIC program. There are 24 elementary schools, seven intermediate schools, and seven middle school and

840-668: The BestMaid Pickles companies operations in the city.. Mansfield has an extensive park system including 11 parks, 3.5 mi (5.6 km) of hiking/biking trail, an 80 acres (32 ha) nature park, an activity center, and four athletics fields. Mansfield also has two renowned golf courses: Mansfield National Golf Course and Walnut Creek Country Club. The Mansfield Independent School District includes all portions of Mansfield in Tarrant and Johnson counties. The portion in Ellis County

900-598: The Civil Rights Movement . Mansfield's school quietly desegregated in 1965 as it faced a lack of federal funds. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94.3 km ), of which 36.4 square miles (94.2 km ) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km ), or 0.12%, is water. According to the 2020 United States census , there were 72,602 people, 22,760 households, and 18,066 families residing in

960-581: The Synod of the Midwest . Kentucky Synod was, perhaps, the best funded and organized of all Cumberland Presbyterian synods. Few other judicatories exercised synodic authority to the same degree. The synod maintained a "Center" in Bowling Green, Kentucky , and employed an executive and staff. The last Executive Presbyter was Rev. James W. Knight . The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is present in 23 US states, mainly in

1020-582: The U.S. state of Texas , and is part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex area. The city is located mostly in Tarrant County , with small parts in Ellis and Johnson counties. Its location is approximately 30 miles from Dallas and 20 miles from Fort Worth, and is adjacent to Arlington. As of the 2020 census , the population was 72,602, up from 56,368 in 2010. The first wave of European settlers arrived in

1080-526: The 19th century joined in the union with the PCUSA in 1906 after the General Assembly voted to unite with that body. However, so did a fair number of the country churches, who were likely served at the time by pastors with relatively greater theological training, which would have been required by the mainstream Presbyterian tradition for admission to the ministry. The genesis of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church

1140-399: The CPC. The General Assembly voted by a significant majority for the union in the 1906 meeting. As a result, a large number of Cumberland congregations re-entered the PCUSA in 1906 and those who remained in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church felt somewhat antagonistic towards the PCUSA for generations afterward. About 1,000 pastors and 90,000 former Cumberland Presbyterian Church members joined

1200-557: The Civil War. "Feild's Freighters", assembled in ox-drawn wagon trains, went as far as Fort Sill , Oklahoma, where a part of the Indian Wars raged in the southern plains in the late 1860s and 1870s. The prospering community which had grown up around the Man and Feild mill took on the name of "Mansfeild", a combination of the names of the founders. Repeated misspellings over the years resulted in

1260-477: The Cumberland Presbyterian denomination in 1829 when the General Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church was established. A replica of the Rev. Samuel McAdow's cabin now stands where the three founded the church, and a sandstone chapel commemorating the event has been erected nearby. These two buildings are two of the main attractions in the surrounding Montgomery Bell State Park . An outgrowth of

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1320-624: The Gibson Community, included a school and a church building by 1860. When Ralph Sandiford Man and Julian Feild arrived around 1856 and built a grist mill at the crossroads that was to become the center of Mansfield, the beginnings of the community probably existed in the oak groves bordering Walnut Creek (originally called Cedar Bluff Creek). The Walnut Creek Congregation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church had organized itself in 1854. Members met in each other's homes, so it

1380-604: The Great Revival of 1800 , also called the Second Great Awakening, the new denomination arose to minister to the spiritual needs of a pioneer people who turned from the doctrine of predestination as they interpreted it to embrace the so-called "Whosoever Will" gospel of the new church. The Red River Meeting House in Logan County, Kentucky , marks the location of the revival meeting thought by some to have given rise to

1440-1117: The Jerry Knight STEM Academy (6-8th Grades). The district's athletic facilities are the Vernon Newsom Stadium and MISD Natatorium which make up the MISD Multi-Purpose Athletics Complex and the RL Anderson Football Stadium. The Center for Performing Arts consists of two venues: the 5,500-seat Claude H. Cunningham Performance Hall and the John Washington Professional Development Center. Tarrant County residents are zoned to Tarrant County College (formerly Tarrant County Junior College). Portions in Ellis County are zoned to Navarro College . Portions in Johnson County are zoned to Hill College . Mansfield has two acute-care hospitals: Methodist Mansfield Medical Center,

1500-487: The Mansfield ISD School Board include sexual orientation, gender identification, and gender expression. Training for LGBTQ issues offered by MISD's human resources is optional. On October 6, 2021, following a school shooting at Mansfield Timberview High School that injured four, Mansfield ISD organized a meeting with community members to discuss safety measures. In February of 2020, the school district paid

1560-553: The Ministerial Training Committee. Some prominent ministers of the denomination have held other careers while serving as pastors. By 1900, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church was the third largest Presbyterian or Reformed body in the United States and was rapidly growing. After making revisions to the Westminster Confession in 1903, the PCUSA (the so-called "Northern" denomination) proposed reunification with

1620-636: The Northern Presbyterian Church, but about 50,000 stayed out and continued on as Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) , the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America held concurrent 2006 general assemblies in Birmingham, Alabama in celebration of 300 years of Presbyterianism in North America. The confessional differences between

1680-700: The Presbyterian Church. The denomination now maintains a single four-year liberal arts college, Bethel University, formerly Bethel College , located in McKenzie, Tennessee . Recently, the denomination has related to this institution through a covenant agreement, forgoing direct ownership and control. The denomination also operates a seminary, Memphis Theological Seminary , in Memphis, Tennessee . The Cumberland Presbyterian Center , also located in Memphis, houses other church boards and agencies. The denomination maintains

1740-684: The South. Tennessee has far the highest adherents rate 4.64 /1,000 people, about 30,000 members, followed by Kentucky with 10,000 members. Arkansas and Alabama has a large followers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church represents both 1.23/1,000 adherents rate, with about 6,000 members in 59 churches in Alabama, and 3,600 members in 61 congregations in Arkansas. In the South churches are in Texas , Oklahoma , Louisiana , Mississippi , Georgia , Florida . The denomination

1800-567: The U.S. Cumberland Presbyterians were among the first denominations to admit women to their educational institutions and to accept them in leadership roles. They were the first to include women as ordained clergy. Cumberland Presbyterians were also early to ordain African-Americans to the ministry. The 1984 revision of the Cumberland Presbyterian Confession of Faith, reflecting the denomination's long-standing traditions,

1860-568: The acceptance of the conventional spelling of "Mansfield." The town incorporated in 1890, continuing to be a hub for the surrounding farmland. In 1956, a federal court ordered the Mansfield Independent School District to desegregate; the first such order in Texas. Protests by 300 whites in front of Mansfield High School, to prevent three black students from enrolling, touched off one of the longest-running desegregation battles of

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1920-555: The agricultural orientation of most of its historic territory, the Upper South . Although explicit fundamentalism and liberalism are rare in the CPC, neither is entirely absent, and recent trends in the denomination seem to be moving it further towards traditionalism. As the denomination has become more conservative, some of its liberal ministers and members have transferred membership to the Presbyterian Church (USA), thereby intensifying already-present theological and social tendencies in

1980-529: The city's history from a prairie outpost in the past to a thriving community now. Hawaiian Falls Water Park is a 10 acres (4.0 ha) destination during the hot summer months; while Historic Mansfield is being revitalized to be a year-round destination. Downtown hosts annual festivals such as the Hot Beats and Cold Brews Festival, the Hometown Holiday Parade and St. Patrick's Day Pickle Parade, due to

2040-499: The city's population are foreign-born. According to information released by the city government, the largest employers of Mansfield as of 2021 were: Established in 1917, Farr Best Theater is the city's historical venue for concerts, musical revue and live performances. Even though ownership of the theater has changed hands many times since its inception, the Farr family still resides in Mansfield. The Mansfield Historical Museum chronicles

2100-560: The city. The racial and ethnic makeup as of 2020 was 49.04% non-Hispanic white, 21.4% African American, 0.35% Native American, 5.48% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.46% some other race, 4.72% multiracial, and 18.49% Hispanic or Latino of any race. The racial and ethnic composition of the population in 2010 was 64.4% non-Hispanic white, 14.2% black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Vietnamese, 2.2% other Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% non-Hispanic from some other race, 2.8% from two or more races and 15.4% Hispanic or Latino. 5,996 of

2160-638: The denomination. Cumberland Presbyterian congregations may be found throughout the U.S. as well as in several foreign countries (Japan, Hong Kong, Colombia, etc.) but are primarily located in the American South and border states , with strong concentrations in Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Missouri , southern Illinois , Arkansas , and Texas . Many of those congregations are located outside major metropolitan areas, in small towns and rural communities. The majority of those churches founded in towns and cities in

2220-412: The denominations that resulted in the CPC's split have largely disappeared. However, new differences have arisen such as the stances on homosexuality and views toward the scriptures. The CPC, for the most part, holds to more conservative beliefs than the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), with an orientation toward Arminianism as opposed to the strict Calvinism of other conservative Presbyterian churches in

2280-473: The experiential techniques championed by the Great Awakening. The formal split between Old Side and New Side lasted only from 1741 to 1758, but the two orientations remained present in the reunified church and would come to the fore again during the Second Great Awakening . At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Presbyterians on the frontier suffered from a shortage of educated clergy willing to move to

2340-708: The facilities are six high schools, the Ben Barber Innovation Academy, a competition-level stadium, a natatorium complex, and a center for the performing arts. In 2011, the school district was rated " Academically Acceptable " by the Texas Education Agency . The district integrated in 1965, the last public school system to do so in the United States. On June 23, 2020, Mansfield ISD School Board voted to keep their anti-discrimination policies, without mandating inclusive provisions for LGBTQ students and staff. The Mansfield Equality Coalition had requested

2400-509: The farms along the sparsely populated frontier. The area southeast of the fort (and of the Trinity River ) was well protected and presumably fairly well settled by the early 1850s. In one well-documented case, eight related families migrated to the area in 1853 from Illinois . Three of the four Gibson brothers in this group established homesteads about 4 miles (6 km) northwest of present-day Mansfield. This settlement, which became known as

2460-517: The first organized Cumberland Presbyterian congregation. In 1826, Cumberland Presbyterians established Cumberland College in Princeton, Kentucky , in order to better train their candidates for the ministry. Although very much a frontier institution, under the presidency of Franceway Ranna Cossitt , Cumberland College was one of the first colleges in the United States to accept women as students. Ann Harpending and Melinda Barnett, for example, enrolled in

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2520-582: The frontier beyond the Appalachian Mountains . At the same time, Methodists and Baptists were sending preachers with little or no formal training into frontier regions and were very successful in organizing Methodist and Baptist congregations. Drawing on New Side precedents, Cumberland Presbytery in Kentucky began ordaining men without the educational background required by the Kentucky Synod . This

2580-413: The late 1980s. The African American church wanted equal representation on all boards and agencies, feeling that otherwise they would be swallowed up by the larger white church. The joint committee drafting the plan of union agreed and made such a stipulation in its reporting to the General Assembly. However, many in the white, rural, southern-based church were not willing to cede that much power and balked at

2640-444: The mill in southeastern Tarrant County perhaps reflects the advanced state of wheat cultivation in the area and the ready availability of wood to feed the mill's steam boilers. Feild opened a general merchandise store at the same time as the mill, located across Broad Street. He built a log house for his family, which also served as an inn for travelers and customers. By 1860, the nucleus of the future city existed. The first post office

2700-652: The name refers to the fact that the denomination was established in Gallatin, Tennessee , on the Upper Cumberland River , the section of the Cumberland River east of Nashville, Tennessee . The King James Version is the official Bible of the denomination. The Upper Cumberland Presbyterian congregations are mostly rural, country churches. They are located in three geographic areas: East of Nashville, South of Nashville and North Central Alabama. The representatives of

2760-586: The plan. No other plans for union have been attempted. However, the two denominations share a confession of faith and cooperate in many common ministries. In 1889, Cumberland Presbyterians were the first body in the Presbyterian or Reformed traditions to ordain a woman as a minister, Louisa Mariah Layman Woosley . A relatively conservative body, Nolin Presbytery, ordained Woosley while a relatively liberal body, Kentucky Synod , opposed her ordination and instructed

2820-662: The presbytery to remove her from the ministerial roll. The Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a small denomination which broke off from the Cumberland Presbyterian church over issues of membership in the National Council of Churches and the use of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible ; it has fewer than 1,000 members among twelve congregations in Alabama and Tennessee . The Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church uses

2880-418: The remaining CPC faithful toward evangelicalism. As with any church holding to a Presbyterian polity, individual congregations are represented by elders (who form a session to govern the local church) at presbyteries. Presbyteries, in turn, send delegates to synods. Finally, the entire structure is governed by the General Assembly. The Assembly charges various boards and agencies with the day-to-day operation of

2940-497: The rolling Cross Timbers country of north central Texas in the 1840s. Primarily of Scotch-Irish origins, these pioneer farmers came for the most part from southern states, following the frontier as it shifted west of the Mississippi . They entered an area where Native Americans had been living for thousands of years. The Comanche posed a serious threat to the settlers, and in 1849, the U.S. Army established Fort Worth to protect

3000-446: The twelve congregations meet twice a year to form a presbytery . This is the highest church court of the denomination. There are no synods or general assemblies as in other Presbyterian bodies. A moderator of presbytery is elected for a six-month term. The denomination's official publication is called The Bulletin . The denomination does not have a college or seminary . Ministers are usually self-taught men who are then further trained by

3060-419: The very first class. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America , a primarily African-American denomination, split from the primarily white Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 1874. Relations between the two groups have for the most part been very cordial, and many of the CPCA ministers have trained at Memphis Theological Seminary . A reunion attempt on the part of both denominations failed to win approval in

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3120-510: The widespread usage of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible. The Fellowship of Cumberland Presbyterian Conservatives formed a conference and planned a second one in Memphis, Tennessee . When the CP General Assembly declared its actions to be unconstitutional, several leaders of the group left the CPC and formed the new Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The Upper Cumberland part of

3180-656: Was bad enough for supporters of the Old Side, but what was even worse was that the presbytery allowed ministers to offer a qualified assent to the Westminster Confession , only requiring them to swear assent to the Confession "so far as they deemed it agreeable to the Word of God". Old Siders in the Kentucky Synod (which had oversight over Cumberland Presbytery) sought to discipline the presbytery. Presbytery and synod were involved in

3240-438: Was dissolved only to be reformed as a much larger presbytery . The last stated clerk was Rev. James W. Knight . Primarily located in central and eastern Kentucky with one congregation in Pennsylvania, Cumberland Presbytery forms the traditional heart of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. This incarnation of the presbytery was formed in the Cumberland Presbyterian middle judicatory realignment of 1988. Cumberland Presbytery

3300-444: Was established that year, with Julian Feild as postmaster. During the American Civil War , the Man and Feild Mill supplied meal and flour to the Confederate States Army , hauling it to Shreveport, Louisiana , and Jefferson City, Missouri . As was common practice, the owners tithed ten percent of the mill's production to the Confederacy. The small community around the mill was unique in Tarrant County in that it prospered throughout

3360-439: Was founded. The divisions which led to the formation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church can be traced back to the First Great Awakening . At that time, Presbyterians in North America split between the Old Side (mainly congregations of Scottish and Scotch-Irish extraction) who favored a doctrinally oriented church with a highly educated ministry and a New Side (mainly of English extraction) who put greater emphasis on

3420-461: Was one of the best organized and funded of all Cumberland Presbyterian judicatories . After the partial reunion of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1906, it was the financial stability of Cumberland Presbytery that enabled the Cumberland Presbyterian Denomination to survive. In 1988, as part of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church middle judicatory realignment, this Cumberland Presbytery

3480-453: Was one of the first inclusive confessional documents in the Reformed tradition. This Confession was revised by a broad composite of theologians of both Cumberland Presbyterian Churches. However, for the most part, the CPC's constituency and theology resembles that of the United Methodist Church , appealing mainly to long-established families with revivalistic religious tastes and generally conservative cultural dispositions, derived chiefly from

3540-430: Was succeeded by Cumberland Synod . King Presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church met only three times in 1843 and 1844 before being renamed Cumberland Presbytery by Green River Synod in 1844. Located primarily in South-Central and Eastern Kentucky , this Cumberland Presbytery was a member judicatory of Green River Synod from 1844 to 1888 and of Kentucky Synod from 1888 to 1988. This Cumberland Presbytery

3600-491: Was the reformed Cumberland Presbytery organized on February 4, 1810. The presbytery was made up of members of the Presbyterian Church and others in the area left abandoned when Kentucky Synod PCUSA dissolved the original Cumberland Presbytery and expelled many of its ministers. The new independent presbytery struggled to be reunited with the larger Presbyterian Church. At the same time, it grew rapidly and divided into three smaller presbyteries in 1813. Cumberland Presbytery

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