Koyukon (also called Denaakk'e ) is the geographically most widespread Athabascan language spoken in Alaska . The Athabaskan language is spoken along the Koyukuk and the middle Yukon Rivers in western interior Alaska. In 2007, the language had approximately 300 speakers, who were generally older adults and bilingual in English . The total Koyukon ethnic population was 2,300.
21-529: Manley Hot Springs ( Too Naaleł Denh in Koyukon ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area , Alaska , United States . At the 2020 census the population was 169, up from 89 in 2010. Manley Hot Springs is located at 65°0′28″N 150°37′36″W / 65.00778°N 150.62667°W / 65.00778; -150.62667 (65.007773, -150.626732). Manley Hot Springs
42-470: A century ago, when the language was far more widely spoken in daily life and the Koyukon people were living in a more traditional way. The use of the word, "Dictionary", in the title is perhaps misleading; the book is more similar to an encyclopedia, as it also is a record of the culture and traditions of the Koyukon people. The book includes traditional stories recorded by Catherine Attla and published in 1983 by
63-538: Is called net or disposable income. The median equivalised disposable income is the median of the disposable income which is equivalised by dividing income by the square root of household size; the square root is used to acknowledge that people sharing accommodation benefit from pooling at least some of their living costs. The median equivalised disposable income for individual countries corrected for purchasing power parity (PPP) for 2021 in United States dollars
84-738: Is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the Tanana River on Hot Springs Slough, at the end of the Elliott Highway , 260 km (160 mi) west of Fairbanks . The CDP has a total area of 54.3 square miles (141 km) according to the United States Census Bureau . All of it is land. Traditional lands of the Cosna Band of the Upper Koyukon Dene. In 1902 a prospector , John Karshner, discovered several hot springs in
105-450: Is necessary to produce statistics such as the median, can pose challenges and yield results inconsistent with aggregate national accounts data. For example, an academic study on the Census income data claims that when correcting for underreporting, U.S. median gross household income was 15% higher in 2010 (table 3). When taxes and mandatory contributions are subtracted from income, the result
126-451: Is the income amount that divides a population into two groups, half having an income above that amount, and half having an income below that amount. It may differ from the mean (or average ) income. Both of these are ways of understanding income distribution . Median income can be calculated by household income , by personal income , or for specific demographic groups. The measurement of income from individuals and households, which
147-615: The Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary. It was edited by James Kari and published in 2000 by the Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks . The Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary is unusually comprehensive in terms of documentation of an American indigenous language, in part because Jetté's notes were of excellent quality and depth. In addition, he wrote about the language and culture nearly
168-463: The Koyukon people in 1898. Considered a fluent Koyukon speaker after spending years in the region, Jetté died in 1927. He had made a significant quantity of notes on the Koyukon people, their culture and beliefs, and their language. Eliza Jones, a Koyukon, came across these manuscripts while studying, and later working, at the University of Alaska in the early 1970s. Working from Jetté's notes and in consultation with Koyukon tribal elders, Jones wrote
189-481: The 1910 U.S. Census as "Hot Springs", an unincorporated village. It was formally changed to Manley Hot Springs in 1957. It became a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980. At the 2000 census , there were 72 people, 36 households and 19 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.3 per square mile (0.50/km). There were 105 housing units at an average density of 1.9 per square mile (0.73/km). The racial make-up of
210-453: The CDP was 73.61% White , 23.61% Native American and 2.78% from other races . There were 36 households, of which 19.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 47.2% were non-families. 38.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
231-575: The Manley Roadhouse, opened. The Manley Roadhouse was owned by Robert E. Lee, who was also the town's postmaster until his death in 2010. In 1907 a miner named Frank Manley built the Hot Springs Resort Hotel. The resort was a four-story building with 45 guest rooms, steam heat, electric lights, hot baths, a bar, a restaurant, a billiard room, a bowling alley, a barber shop, and an Olympic-size indoor swimming pool which used heated water from
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#1733085663691252-970: The University of Alaska Fairbanks. As of 1978 there were three Koyukon Language dialects (Lower, Central and Upper). Lower Koyukon was spoken in Kaltag and Nulato ; Central Koyukon was spoken on the Yukon River in the villages of Galena , Ruby , Koyukuk and part of Tanana , and on the Koyukuk River in the villages of Huslia , Hughes , and Allakaket ; Upper Koyukon was spoken at Stevens Village , Rampart , and part of Tanana . In 2012, Susan Pavskan reported: On Thursday evenings Denaakk'e (Koyukon Athabascan) classes are held at Yukon-Koyukuk School District offices in Fairbanks and Huslia . About 18 people from four generations attended Thursday over video-conference. At
273-533: The area. He began a homestead and vegetable farm. In the same year, the United States Army built a telegraph station. The area became a service and supply point for miners in the Tofty and Eureka mining districts. It was known as Baker's Hot Springs, after nearby Baker Creek. Farming and livestock operations in the area produced fresh meat, poultry, and produce for sale. In 1903, Sam's Rooms and Meals, now called
294-444: The end of class, I demonstrated how MP3 sound files can be imported into iTunes then synced with iPads or iPods . The students demonstrated these to their parents and grandparents. The children's show Molly of Denali features the Koyukon language. Sounds are given in IPA with the orthographic equivalent in angled brackets: Plosives and affricates, other than the labial b and
315-509: The glottal ' , distinguish plain, aspirated and ejective forms. Other consonants include labial and alveolar nasals ; alveolar, velar and glottal fricatives ; and alveolar and palatal approximants . Again other than the labial m and the glottal h , these distinguish forms with and without voice . There are four full vowels in Koyukon: And there are three reduced vowels: Median household income The median income
336-407: The hot springs. During the summer, the hotel's private boat transported guests from steamers on the Tanana River . In the winter, an overland stagecoach trip from Fairbanks took two days. The town was renamed Hot Springs . The resort and the mining in the area caused the town to prosper. It had a store, a newspaper, a bakery, clothing stores and other businesses. The population of the area in 1910
357-603: Was $ 59,583. Males had a median income of $ 36,250 and females $ 16,250. The per capita income was $ 21,751. There were no families and 9.7% of the population living below the poverty line , including no under eighteens and none of those over 64. The Yukon–Koyukuk School District operates the Gladys Dart School in Manley Hot Springs. The Elliott Highway ( Alaska Route 2 ), completed in 1959, gives Manley Hot Springs road access from Fairbanks year-round. Before 1982 it
378-466: Was 169, up 90 percent from 89 in 2010 census . In May 2022, the second worst flood to hit the community caused power outages and the displacement of 60 people. No injuries occurred. The flooding was caused by an ice jam on the Tanana River, approximately 12 miles downriver from the community. Manley Hot Springs has a continental subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc). Manley Hot Springs first reported on
399-413: Was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.58. 15.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 37.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.3 males. The median household income was $ 29,000 and the median family income
420-482: Was more than 500. In 1913 the resort burned to the ground. Mining activity was also in decline and by 1920 only 29 residents lived in Hot Springs. The town's name was changed to Manley Hot Springs in 1957. In May 1984, a newcomer to the town, Michael Silka , killed nine people in the area. Since 1950, the population of Manley Hot Springs has slowly increased. In the 2020 census , the population of Manley Hot Springs
441-407: Was not plowed by the state and closed during the winter. The Manley Hot Springs Airport has scheduled flights to Fairbanks International Airport operated by Warbelow's Air Ventures . [REDACTED] Media related to Manley Hot Springs, Alaska at Wikimedia Commons Koyukon language Jules Jetté , a French Canadian Jesuit missionary , began recording the language and culture of
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