81-489: Manila Water Company, Inc. has the exclusive right to provide water and used water (wastewater) services to over six million people in the East Zone of Metro Manila . It is a subsidiary of Enrique Razon 's Trident Water Holdings Company, Inc., who acquired stakes from the country's oldest conglomerate, Ayala Corporationstarting in 2020 and completely taking over by 2024. Incorporated on January 6, 1997, Manila Water became
162-645: A municipality . President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila . She launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex , Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater , Philippine International Convention Center , Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and
243-548: A capacity of treating 150 million liters (40,000,000 U.S. gal) of water per day. Since 2012, it supplies water to far-flung expansion areas in the Rizal Province, improving the supply balance of the entire network. The Cardona plant, with a capacity of treating 100 million liters (26,000,000 U.S. gal) of water per day, employs a more rigorous and complex treatment process and types of equipment compared to other existing water treatment plants because of
324-571: A coastal lagoon, and a beach. The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991" . This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with
405-711: A concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila. Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Statistics Office . In 2014, then-MMDA chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in
486-636: A maximum of 4 billion liters (1.1 × 10 ^ U.S. gal) of water daily at the Novaliches Portal, which will then be conveyed through three open channels going to the Balara Treatment Plant. La Mesa Dam is an earth dam located in Novaliches, Quezon City and it serves as a primary sedimentation basin prior to water treatment in the Balara and East La Mesa Treatment Plants. Its maximum level
567-690: A new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila . Later on, the Manila galleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to Mexico Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. In the First Philippine Republic, the province included
648-567: A position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. After World War II, in 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon. World War II resulted in
729-587: A publicly listed company and a subsidiary of Ayala Corporation , holds the exclusive right to provide water and used water services to over six million people in the Manila Water Concession, particularly the East Zone of Metro Manila and Rizal Province consisting of 23 cities and municipalities. The National Water Crisis Act enacted by the Philippine government paved the way for government-run Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) to turn over
810-506: A publicly listed company on March 18, 2005. It is the east concessionaire of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System during its privatization on August 1, 1997, with its counterpart Maynilad Water Services , Inc. as the west concessionaire. The 25-year water concession agreement inked with MWSS was expected to terminate in 2022. In 2009, its concession agreement with the MWSS was extended by another 15 years up to 2037. Manila Water Company,
891-578: A relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the Rizal Park , Paco Park , and Fort Santiago in the City of Manila and Quezon Memorial National Park in Quezon City . Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by
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#1732884786229972-804: A storage capacity of about 850 million cubic meters (30 × 10 ^ cu ft). Five auxiliary turbines release water from Angat Dam, where it is diverted to the two tunnels going to Ipo Dam. Ipo Dam is a gravity-concrete dam located about 75 meters (246 ft) downstream of the Angat Dam in Bulacan. Primarily a diversion dam , its elevation is maintained at 101 meters (331 ft) as it delivers water into tunnels that lead to La Mesa reservoir and Balara Filtration plants through three tunnels leading to three settling basins in Bigti, Norzagaray, Bulacan. Five aqueducts connected to these settling basins will then deliver
1053-543: A take-or-pay arrangement. Also under MWAP are Saigon Water Infrastructure Corporation (Saigon Water), a holding company listed in the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange, Cu Chi Water Supply Sewerage Company, Ltd. (Cu Chi Water) and another company tasked to pursue non-revenue water reduction projects in Vietnam called Asia Water Network Solutions (Asia Water). Lastly, Manila Water Total Solutions Corporation (MWTS),
1134-536: A threat as well. Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of Valenzuela , Malabon , Caloocan , Navotas , Manila , Pasay , Parañaque , and Las Piñas , where flood are generally linked with the tidal movements in Manila Bay . Meanwhile, Marikina , Pasig , Taguig , and Pateros are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there
1215-517: A wholly owned subsidiary, handles after-the-meter products and services. Its current offerings include environmental services like waste-to-energy. As of December 31, 2023: Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino : Kalakhang Maynila ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally the National Capital Region ( NCR ; Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon ), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of
1296-708: Is a concrete water reservoir gravity dam found in the Philippines . The dam is located about 7.5 kilometres downstream of the Angat Dam within the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve in Norzagaray , Bulacan . It was a part of the Angat-Ipo- La Mesa water system. Its normal level is 101 m. The Ipo Dam is a gravity concrete dam located about 7.5 kilometres downstream of the Angat Dam near its confluence with
1377-664: Is at 80.15 meters (263.0 ft). During dry months, La Mesa Dam may be used as a buffer or reliability dam to provide supply. It can store water that is good for 19 days of Manila Water's supply requirements. Its critical dam level is at 69 meters above sea level. Manila Water has also begun drawing water from the Laguna de Bay , which is treated in and distributed from the Cardona Water Treatment Plant located in Brgy. Del Remedio, Cardona, Rizal. Commencing operations on March 14, 2019,
1458-594: Is characterised by mountainous terrain similar to the Angat Reservoir Watershed with moderate forest cover. The watershed has an area of about 70 square kilometers and receives an average annual rainfall of 3,500 millimeters. Tributaries to the Angat River at this section include the Ipo, Sapa Pako and Sapa Anginon Rivers. These tributaries drain into the Angat River from the eastern section of the watershed. Water from
1539-438: Is delivered to all customers. Pipelines laid and maintained across the East Zone since 1997 have spanned over 5,000 kilometers (3,100 mi), serving 99 percent of the company's concession area with a water supply pressure of 7 bar and above. On a regular basis, Manila Water's Laboratory Services processes an average of around 900 water samples from the distribution network monthly. This is to ensure that water to be delivered to
1620-462: Is divided into four geographic areas called "districts". The districts have their district centers at the four original cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), Quezon City (Eastern Manila), Caloocan (Northern Manila, also informally known as Camanava ), and Pasay (Southern Manila). The districts serve mainly to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes. Ipo Dam Ipo Dam
1701-709: Is more akin to the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the executive departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of Agrarian Reform , Department of Agriculture , Department of Environment and Natural Resources , National Housing Authority and Philippine Coconut Authority has their main offices based around Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City . Manila ,
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#17328847862291782-490: Is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". Manila has historically been a global city due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with
1863-468: Is poor soil drainage and a shallow water table due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including Quezon City , San Juan , Makati , Mandaluyong and Muntinlupa , where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level. Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. Manila was ranked as
1944-453: Is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines. Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore , Jakarta and Bangkok . In 1975, in response to
2025-635: The Department of Science and Technology is based in Taguig while the Department of Tourism has its headquarters in Makati . Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian Development Bank , Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , Development Bank of the Philippines , Land Bank of the Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority . The main office of
2106-954: The Government Service Insurance System in Pasay serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines . Meanwhile, the House of Representatives of the Philippines is based in the Batasang Pambansa Complex , Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan . The Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the Vice President of the Philippines in 2010–2016 and then the Quezon City Reception House for 2016-2022. The political and administrative boundaries of
2187-505: The Kidney Center of the Philippines are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While
2268-665: The Marikina River provides water for industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial activity. Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes , floods , and typhoons . It is surrounded by active faults including the Marikina Valley Fault System . Other distant faults such as the Philippine Faults , Lubang Faults, Manila Trench and Casiguran Faults, are
2349-622: The Philippines . Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay , the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020, it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities : Manila —the capital city— Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , along with one independent municipality, Pateros . As
2430-609: The Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A. Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog. Manila , to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and
2511-405: The 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of
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2592-670: The Cardona Water Treatment Plant in Rizal. The Balara Treatment Plants filter the equivalent of 6.5 billion glasses of water every day. The Balara Filter 1, operational since 1935, has a treatment capacity of 470 million liters (120,000,000 U.S. gal) per day. On the other hand, Balara Filter 2 has been operational since 1958 and treats 1,130 million liters (300,000,000 U.S. gal) of water daily. Both treatment plants deliver water to Metro Manila's eastern area. The East La Mesa Treatment Plant, located in Payatas, Quezon City , has
2673-515: The Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces Manila Bay . Located here is Manila , Navotas , parts of Malabon , and the western part and reclaimed areas of Pasay and Parañaque , where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of
2754-597: The Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. Filipino Landscape architect IP Santos , the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit
2835-504: The East Zone to a broad range of residential, semi-business, commercial, and industrial customers in 23 cities and municipalities: Manila Water gets its water from Angat Dam at the Angat River in Norzagaray, Bulacan , which is 38 meters (125 ft) north of Metro Manila. It is a rockfill dam with a spillway equipped with three gates at a spilling level of 217 meters (712 ft). Angat Dam supplies 96% of Metro Manila's water needs with
2916-566: The Ipo River in Bulacan. It was completed in January 1984 with a maximum storage capacity of 7.5 million cubic metres, an increase of about 2,500 million litres per day (MLD) from the old Ipo Dam, which was completed in December 1938, used to be located 200 metres upstream of the new dam. The spill level of the dam is at an elevation of 101 metres and it has seven radial floodgates. The watershed topography
2997-596: The Manila Bay Beach Resort. Rizal Park , also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest urban park in Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres). The park along with the historic walled area of Intramuros are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009. Paco Park is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by
3078-400: The National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen independent cities , classified as highly urbanized cities , and one independent municipality: Pateros . Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces . Instead, the region
3159-797: The National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while Fort Santiago is managed by the Intramuros Administration . A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon Memorial National Park to the Quezon City Government. The region also has three protected areas , namely the Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and
3240-567: The Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. Some Luzonians in
3321-891: The Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as Tondo ( Tundók ), Malate ( Maalát ), Navotas ( Nabútas ), Tambobong ( Tambúbong ), Taguig ( Tagiig ), Parañaque ( Palanyág ), Cainta ( Kay Intâ ), and Pateros. Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around
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3402-851: The bulk water requirements of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam and leakage reduction programs in Bandung , Indonesia and Yangon , Myanmar . Recently, the company has acquired a stake in East Water, a publicly listed water supply and distribution company in Thailand and in PT Sarana Tirta Ungaran in Indonesia. Under MWAP are two affiliated companies in Vietnam, namely Thu Duc Water B.O.O Corporation and Kenh Dong Water Supply Joint Stock Company, both supplying treated water to Saigon Water Corporation (SAWACO) under
3483-469: The capital city of the country, is the home to Malacañan Palace , the official residence and office of the President of the Philippines . The city is also the home to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Other key national institutions based in Manila are the Court of Appeals , the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , and the Departments of Budget and Management , Finance , Health , Justice , Labor and Employment and Public Works and Highways . Meanwhile,
3564-423: The cities of Mandaluyong and Makati . The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with
3645-425: The cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . Jorge Vargas was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have
3726-460: The current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Mariquina (now Marikina), Pasig , Parañaque , Malabon , Navotas , San Juan del Monte (now San Juan), San Pedro de Macati (now Makati), San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong), Muntinlupa and the Taguig - Pateros area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, Polo (now Valenzuela) remained in Bulacan . Manila in 1901
3807-399: The customers passes not only the regulatory standards on quality, but also to 100% comply with the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). Manila Water also provides sewerage and sanitation services. Sewerage services of Manila Water include the operation and maintenance of sewer pipeline networks that collect and convey sewage to a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) which cleans
3888-401: The dam is diverted to the Novaliches Portal and the La Mesa Dam through three intake structures going down to three connecting tunnels into five connecting aqueducts. On May 19, 1945, during World War II , the dam was captured in the Battle of Ipo Dam. The Yay Regiment of the Marking Guerrillas , under the command of Col. Marcos V. Agustin, and the US Army's 43rd Division , supported by
3969-439: The diverse quality of water from Laguna de Bay . The process includes treatment for suspended solids, organic matter, algae, and dissolved solids. The treatment plant is complemented by 45 kilometers (28 mi) of transmission lines plus 61 kilometers (38 mi) of distribution lines. Manila Water's distribution system consists of transmission and distribution lines, pumping stations, and reservoirs to ensure that potable water
4050-412: The early 1500s while he was raja muda or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before
4131-433: The environment if not maintained properly. To address the possible leakage of septic tanks into the rivers and other water systems, Manila Water offers a sanitation service that collects the sludge from septic tanks. Siphoned sludge is then brought to Septage Treatment Plants where it is treated and returned to the environment safely. Manila Water manages two septage treatment plants that treats collected sludge to safely return
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#17328847862294212-446: The eventual re-negotiation of MWC's concession contract, and within two months Ayala selling the controlling stake to Trident Water Holdings Company, Inc., a subsidiary of Prime Infrastructure Holdings Inc. of the Razon Group . Four years later in 2024, Ayala Corporation completely divested its voting stakes to the Trident. It however retains economic interests until 2029 through preferred shares. Some quarters say that Ayala's divestment
4293-420: The first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA . Senator Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law. In April 2022, Makati lost the territorial dispute with Taguig, which
4374-411: The heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone,
4455-514: The laying of separate sewer lines. Manila Water has laid over 300 kilometers (190 mi) of sewer pipelines that goes to 38 sewage treatment plants with a combined treatment capacity of 310 million liters (82,000,000 U.S. gal) daily. Around 85 percent of Metro Manila's East Zone are not yet covered by a sewer system. These households still utilize their own septic tanks that contains used water called septage. Since septic tanks only get partial treatment, these will eventually leak into
4536-461: The loss of more than 100,000 lives in the battle of Manila in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and San Mateo, Rizal . On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission
4617-399: The need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824. A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of
4698-458: The northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the Pasig River . The Marikina Valley is a floodplain along the Marikina River and a delta along Laguna de Bay . Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while
4779-408: The objective of replacing Manila as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital In 1942, during the World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging
4860-444: The operation of water utilities in the East Zone concession to Ayala-led Manila Water, and the West Zone of Metro Manila to Maynilad Water Services, Inc. in August 1997. This was brought about by the various water supply problems when only 26 percent of the area's population had access to round-the-clock water supply due to high system losses caused by illegal connections, meter tampering, and leaking pipelines. This Concession Agreement
4941-427: The prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what
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#17328847862295022-510: The principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila
5103-404: The rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such San Juan , Makati and Quezon City , as well as most parts of Caloocan and Mandaluyong . The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards
5184-428: The rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914, to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct dry season from December through April, and
5265-541: The second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world . The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy , education and government of the Philippines . Designated as a global power city , the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It
5346-401: The second riskiest capital city after Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re . According to the Köppen climate classification , there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a tropical monsoon climate . Together with
5427-408: The sewerage system in the East Zone. In late 2019, leading figures Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala along with Manny Pangilinan of Maynilad , were threatened of arrest by then President Rodrigo Duterte due to accusations of syndicated estafa, economic sabotage, among others. This was after MWC won a tariff-related international arbitration against the government. The sequence of events resulted to
5508-414: The structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have
5589-442: The then-newly formed region was designated as the seat of government . President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution along EDSA , which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution , made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world". In 1986, President Corazon Aquino laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing
5670-525: The used water back to the environment. This sanitation program is carried out through barangay officials. A subsidiary of Manila Water Company, Inc., Manila Water Philippine Ventures (MWPV) covers the country's key metropolitan areas including Cebu , Laguna , Tanauan City in Batangas , Clark in Pampanga , Zamboanga City , Tagum City in Davao and key locations in Bulacan , Pangasinan , Isabela , Nueva Ecija , Iloilo and Samar . Manila Water Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. (MWAP) currently provides half of
5751-444: The used water before safely returning the treated water to rivers. To address the sewage and sanitation needs of its service areas, Manila Water constructed compact or “package” sewage treatment plants to serve specific areas or communities. Manila Water also utilizes a Combined Sewer-Drainage System in the collection of used water from households, utilizing the existing municipal drainage system for used water conveyance. This minimizes
5832-436: The walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137. In
5913-471: The water treatment plant is now providing up to 100 million liters (26,000,000 U.S. gal) of potable water per day to several towns in Rizal, augmenting water supply to Manila Water's concession area while alternative major water sources are being developed. Manila Water operates four water treatment plants: Balara Filter 1, Balara Filter 2, and East La Mesa, all located in Quezon City, as well as
5994-652: The zoo each month. La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System , ABS-CBN , and the Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark , along with the Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center , are important nature reserves in the Philippines. The Las Piñas - Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)
6075-459: Was a fallout of Duterte's actions in 2019. Since 1997, the company has been significantly improving its water and used water services by expanding its distribution lines and eliminating system losses in its coverage areas, resulting in increased water availability from 26% in 1997 to 99% of the central distribution system to date. Manila Water provides water treatment, water distribution, sewerage and sanitation services to over six million people in
6156-596: Was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila , Quezon City , Caloocan , Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela . At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as
6237-575: Was composed of Binondo , Ermita , Intramuros , Malate , Manila, Pandacan , Quiapo , Sampaloc , San Fernando de Dilao , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Ana de Sapa , Santa Cruz , and Tondo . In the American rule, the American architect Daniel Burnham was commissioned to propose a Plan of Manila for the Philippine government. In 1939, during the Philippine Commonwealth , President Manuel L. Quezon established Quezon City with
6318-739: Was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the Philippines in 2007 and was listed by the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013. LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats , secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation,
6399-623: Was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was led by a governor . A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and
6480-544: Was originally for a period of 25 years, due to expire in 2022. In 2009, it was extended by another 15 years by MWSS and the Philippine government, extending the concession until 2037. As the agent and concessionaire of MWSS, the Concession Agreement gives Manila Water the right to the use the land and operational fixed assets, and the exclusive right to extract and treat raw water, distribute and sell water, and collect, transport, treat and dispose used water discharged by
6561-565: Was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the Embo barangays, were thus transferred to Taguig . Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon . The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:
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