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22-707: Manglisi is located on the southern slopes of the Trialeti Range , on the Tbilisi - Tsalka highway, 56 kilometres (35 mi) west of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, in the Algeti river valley. It is located at about 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level and enjoys a subtropical climate , with warm summers (average temperature in July, 19 °C) and mild winters (average temperature in January, −2 °C). Annual precipitation

44-558: A spa and its sanatoriums provided services for people with respiratory diseases . In 1924, the state-run airline Zakavia organized a short-lived line Tiflis—Manglis to serve local tourist interests. On August 29, 1924, the Red Army barracks in Manglisi were raided, ultimately unsuccessfully, by anti-Soviet insurgents led by Kakutsa Cholokashvili . In 1926, the settlement was granted the status of daba ( urban-type settlement ). According to

66-548: Is 700 mm. Manglisi also functions as a mountain resort . The etymology of "Manglisi" may be related to the Old Georgian mangali , " sickle ", ultimately derived from the Syrian maggəlā . The modern Georgian scholar Ketevan Kutateladze has conjectured that, the name of the locality, in the sense of "a crescent", may be a reflection of the Moon cult , an effect of which persisted in

88-600: Is also a major source on the Georgian history of the 16th and 17th centuries. Vakhushti's works were soon translated into Russian and later into French and served as a guide to many contemporary European scholars and travelers to Caucasus up to the early 20th century. He also completed, together with his brother, Prince Bakar, the printing of the Bible in Georgian, which he had been only partly done by their father, Vakhtang VI. He established for that purpose, in his house near Moscow,

110-635: The Caucasus region accompanied by the images of several historic coats of arms (1745–46). His famous Description of the Kingdom of Georgia is essentially an adorned synopsis of the initial texts of the corpus of medieval Georgian annals, Kartlis Tskhovreba . Vakhushti was critical of the re-edition of the corpus assembled by a scholarly commission chaired by his father Vakhtang VI. So as to rectify perceived oversights of Vakhtang's version, Vakhushti compiled his own comprehensive history and geographical description of

132-585: The Russian rule in Georgia , the depopulated village of Manglisi ( Russian : Манглис , Manglis ) was chosen, in 1823, by General Aleksey Yermolov as the headquarters of one of the regiments under his command, to be called, after 1827, the 13th Erivansky Grenadier Regiment for its role in the victory at Erivan in the war with Persia . On this occasion, the Russian authorities had also transplanted some civilian families from

154-404: The 1770s, it had been listed among the emptied eparchies of the Georgian church. The abandoned cathedral still stood there, undisturbed by Georgia's Muslim intruders because, as the 18th-century historian Prince Vakhushti claims, they thought one of the frescoes in the church depicted Muhammad seated upon a lion. The fresco is, in fact, an image of St. Mammes of Caesarea . After the arrival of

176-608: The 620s. The valley of Manglisi appears in possession of the Juansheriani family, a branch of the former royal dynasty of Chosroids of Iberia, in the middle of the 8th century, and then of the Liparitids , whose one member Rati, a contemporary of Bagrat III ( r. 978/1008–1014), is described by the Georgian chronicler to have held "the fortress of Ateni and all Kartli south of the Mtkuari , Trialeti , Manglis-khevi, and Skvireti ." At

198-450: The Georgian people and lands. One of the chief goals of his corrective was to underscore all-Georgian political and cultural unity despite the fact that Georgia was politically divided among competing kings and princes during Vakhushti's lifetime. The popularity of Vakhushti's tome is evidenced by the many copies made of it, and his narrative significantly shaped the way in which subsequent generations have conceived of an all-Georgian past. It

220-551: The Range are mainly covered by deciduous forests made up of oak , beech , and hornbeam . The western parts of Trialeti are covered by coniferous and mixed forests made up of fir , spruce , pine , beech , and oak . Trialeti is also a village situated in the range, between Tsalka and Dmanisi , at 41°30′N 44°10′E  /  41.500°N 44.167°E  / 41.500; 44.167 Prince Vakhushti Vakhushti ( Georgian : ვახუშტი ; c. 1696 – 1757)

242-470: The beginning of the 11th century, the cathedral of Manglisi, originally a tetraconch , was substantially reconstructed and refurbished. In 1121, the field of Didgori, not far from Manglisi, was a scene of the climactic victory of the Georgian king David IV over the Seljuq Turks . After a series of foreign invasions, more so following Timur's campaigns , the valley of Manglisi went into gradual decline. By

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264-578: The brothers Garsevanishvili and a Roman Catholic mission, he was fluent in Greek , Latin , French , Turkish , Russian and Armenian . His name Vakhushti derives from Old Iranian vahišta- ("paradise", superlative of veh "good", i.e., "superb, excellent"). Its equivalent in Middle Persian is wahišt and in New Persian behešt . In 1719 and 1720, he took part in two successive campaigns against

286-461: The earliest church establishments in Kartli ( Iberia ) following King Mirian 's conversion to Christianity in the 330s. According to the 11th-century historian Leonti Mroveli , Manglisi was the first place which the bishop John of Kartli, returning from his mission to Constantinople with a group of Byzantine priests and masons, chose to build a Christian church. There, the chronicle continues, he left

308-553: The nationwide Georgian census of 2002, Manglisi had the population of 2,752, a 30.1% drop from 3,939 in the last Soviet census of 1989 . Trialeti Range Trialeti Range ( Georgian : თრიალეთის ქედი ) is an east-west mountain range of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of southern Georgia . The eastern edge of the Range runs along the western border of Tbilisi , while

330-494: The neighboring districts. By the early 1850s, Manglis had been a relatively well-organized Russian colony. The old cathedral was also restored from 1851 to 1857. The population, with an overwhelming Slavic majority, was up to 3,000 in 1892. By the early 1890s, Manglis had also acquired a spa town status, where the people of Tiflis (Tbilisi) could escape the city's summer heat. During the Soviet period , Manglisi continued to function as

352-720: The rebel duke ( eristavi ) Shanshe of the Ksani . From August to November 1722, he was a governor of the kingdom during his father's absence at the Ganja campaign. Later he served as a commander in Kvemo Kartli . After the Ottoman occupation of Kartli , he followed King Vakhtang in his emigration to the Russian Empire in 1724. Retired to Moscow , Tsarevich Vakhusht (as he came to be known in Russia)

374-497: The relics brought from Constantinople as presents of the emperor Constantine the Great , to the disappointment of King Mirian who wanted to have the relics at his capital, Mtskheta. Manglisi became a seat of the homonymous bishopric under Vakhtang I in the 5th century. The diocesan territory of Manglisi covered much of the Algeti valley and at times expanded beyond it. The church of Manglisi

396-472: The system of religious beliefs of Georgians into the era of Christianity. In the early Bronze Age , the territory of Manglisi was part of the wider region, home to a kurgan culture. By the early Middle Ages , Manglisi and its environs strategically located on the course of the Algeti river formed a territorial unit known as Manglis-khevi, "the valley of Manglisi". The Georgian historical tradition makes Manglisi, along with Mtskheta and Erusheti , one of

418-642: The western edge lies along River Mtkvari to the southwest of Borjomi . The length of the Trialeti Range is 144 kilometers and the maximum width is 30 kilometers. The mountain range was built up by volcanic activity during the Paleogene period. Young, andesite lava flows are common in the western part of the Range. The highest point is Mount Shaviklde (meaning "black cliff" in Georgian ) at an elevation of 2,850 meters above sea level (9,348 ft.). The slopes of

440-521: Was a Georgian royal prince ( batonishvili ), geographer, historian and cartographer. His principal historical and geographic works, Description of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Geographical Atlas , were inscribed on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register in 2013. Born as a royal bastard , son of King Vakhtang VI of Kartli (ruled 1716–24), he was born in Tbilisi , 1696. Educated by

462-604: Was also a site of pilgrimage for the neighboring Armenians until the catholicos Abraham of Armenia excommunicated the Georgians following an ecclesiastic schism between the two peoples in 607 and instructed his compatriots not to go on pilgrimage to Mtskheta and Manglisi. Manglisi was dispossessed of its relic, the foot-rest ( suppedaneum ) of the Lord , by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius who passed through Kartli during his war with Iran in

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484-559: Was granted a pension. He died at Moscow in 1757. He was buried at the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow , a traditional burial ground of Georgian emigrant royalty and nobility. Most of his works were written or completed in Moscow. The best known are Description of the Kingdom of Georgia (completed in 1745), The Geographic Description of Georgia (completed in 1750) and two geographic atlases of

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