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46-1541: During Rana regime , the district was named Chisapani District and the headquarter of the district was situated in Chisapani Gadhi , Bhimphedi . The district renamed as Makwanpur on the name of Makwanpurgadhi and the headquarter moved to Hetauda in 1982. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census , Makwanpur District had a population of 420,477. As their first language , 45.8% spoke Tamang , 41.5% Nepali , 4.1% Newari , 3.9% Chepang , 1.4% Magar , 0.9% Bhojpuri , 0.6% Maithili , 0.5% Rai , 0.2% Gurung , 0.2% Lepcha , 0.2% Majhi, 0.1% Hindi , 0.1% Pahari , 0.1% Tharu , 0.1% Urdu and 0.2% other languages. Ethnicity/caste: 48.3% were Tamang , 14.1% Hill Brahmin , 10.5% Chhetri , 6.2% Newar , 4.6% Chepang /Praja, 4.5% Magar , 2.9% Kami , 1.9% Rai , 0.8% Damai /Dholi, 0.8% Majhi, 0.7% Gurung , 0.4% Musalman , 0.4% Thakuri , 0.3% Danuwar, 0.3% Kathabaniyan, 0.3% Pahari , 0.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Sarki , 0.2% Gharti/ Bhujel , 0.2% Tharu , 0.1% Terai Brahmin , 0.1% other Dalit , 0.1% Ghale , 0.1% Hajam /Thakur, 0.1% Kalwar , 0.1% Kanu , 0.1% Limbu , 0.1% Marwadi , 0.1% Sunuwar , 0.1% Teli , 0.1% other Terai, 0.1% Yadav and 0.2% others. Religion: 48.3% were Hindu , 45.6% Buddhist , 4.8% Christian , 0.7% Prakriti , 0.4% Muslim and 0.2% others. Literacy: 67.5% could read and write, 2.7% could only read and 29.8% could neither read nor write. The district consists of 10 Municipalities , out of which one

92-501: A dominant faction during the reign of King Rana Bahadur Shah . After the assassination of King Rana Bahadur Shah, Bhimsen Thapa rose to the event killing all enemies and proving the strength and presence of the Thapa family in the Royal Court of Nepal. He went on to become the second Prime Minister of Nepal and thus founded the Thapa family in the political context of Nepal. Afterwards,

138-610: A great massacre at Bhandarkhal garden following the chaos from the King's murder. Following closeness to Mukhtiyar Bhimsen, he became the son-in-law of Bhimsen's brother Kaji Nain Singh Thapa of Thapa dynasty . The close relatives and supporters of Thapa faction replaced the old courtiers and administrators. The Kunwar family came to power being relatives of powerful Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa. Similarly, Kunwars were related to Pande dynasty by their maternal grandmother Rana Kumari Pande who

184-462: A hunting trip; Ranbir Singh gave up all his property and became a sanyasi , titling himself Swami Abhayananda ; but Bhimsen Thapa preferred to remain in his old home in Gorkha. Mathabarsingh Thapa fled to India when Bhimsen Thapa and Thapa courtiers were punished. Sher Jung Thapa and other jailed Thapa members were pardoned on the request of Junior Queen after the death of Senior Queen. Mathabar,

230-422: A military command, as follows: Thapa dynasty Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family ( Nepali : थापा वंश/थापा काजी खलक [t̪ʰapa bʌŋsʌ] ) also known as Dynasty of Borlang was a Chhetri political family that handled Nepali administration affairs from 1806 to 1837 A.D. and 1843 to 1845 A.D. as Mukhtiyar ( Prime Minister ). This was one of the four noble families to be involved in

276-412: Is a sub-metropolitan city, one is an urban municipality and eight are rural municipalities . These are as follows: 27°25′N 85°02′E  /  27.417°N 85.033°E  / 27.417; 85.033 Rana regime The Rana dynasty ([राणा वंश] Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |IAST= ( help ) Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ] , Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ] )

322-523: The first siege of Chittorgarh in 1303 A.D., Kumbhakaran Singh's descendants left Mewar to the north, towards the Himalayan foothills, according to the book "Rana's Of Nepal" where the preface is written by Arvind Singh Mewar . The Rana dynasty claimed to be Rajputs of western Indian origin, rather than the native Khas Kshatriyas despite the fact that they spoke Khas language and attempted to disassociate from their Khas past. Also, many historians are of

368-525: The Junior Queen's request to place Prince Ranendra in the place of Crown Prince Surendra of Nepal , the Queen secretly contacted the victims of Kot and conspired to assassinate Jung Bahadur in the royal Bhandarkhal garden. After receiving a command from the Queen to come to Bhandarkhal, Jang Bahadur took his fully armed troops and headed towards the garden. The troops killed the chief conspirator, Birdhwaj Basnyat on

414-653: The King of Bettiah. After knowing about the presence of the King and the Queen in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and started to congregate an army and a plan to execute Jung Bahadur started to be formed. On 12 May 1847, Jung Bahadur gave a speech in Tundikhel . There he accused the King of the attempted assassination of the Prince and the Prime Minister. The Council then decided to dethrone King Rajendra deeming him mentally ill, and on

460-544: The King of Gorkha, Prithvi Narayan Shah where the lands of Kunwar-Khola were given to them as birta . John Whelpton opines that the Kunwar origin legend which states that the first of their ancestors to enter the hill married a daughter of Bagale Kshetri might have directed their family links to Bagale Thapa , the clan of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa . The Rana dynasty descended from Kunwar Kumbhakaran Singh, younger brother of Guhila King of Mewar , Rawal Ratnasimha . During

506-406: The Queen's faction and demanded an immediate arrest. Abhiman tried to force his way out and was killed by Jung's soldier. In the chaos followed, Jung and his brothers began bloodshed and many rival nobles and courtiers were eliminated by them. The letter to British Resident Henry Montgomery Lawrence stated that there were 32 Bharadars (courtiers) killed in the massacre. When Jang Bahadur refused

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552-593: The Royal Orders. All were crowned as the Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski . Succession to the role of the Prime Ministers and the title of Shree Teen Maharaja of Nepal and Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski was by agnatic seniority , by which the oldest male heir among the sons of equal (a-class) marriages in a generation would succeed. The order of succession was determined by seniority, with each eligible male heir holding

598-439: The Thapa dynasty. Please note that the following genealogy by Daniel Wright was most likely fabricated during the nineteenth century, and there is no historical evidence before that time to back it up. Chronicler Daniel Wright has published the genealogy of Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana . The genealogy begins with Tattā Rāṇā as Raja (King) of Chittaurgarh . His nephew Fakht Siṃha Rāṇā had a son named Rāma Siṃha Rāṇā, who came to

644-573: The Thapas took the stronghold of the military power with an absolute order, which leads to a rivalry among other nobles. Tripurasundari was the daughter of Bhimsen's brother, Kazi Nain Singh Thapa . After the chaos that followed King Rana Bahadur's murder, Bhimsen became the Mukhtiyar and his niece Tripurasundari was given the title Lalita Tripurasundari and declared regent and Queen Mother of Nepal. The Thapa family remained in power continuously even after

690-611: The Thapas were incarcerated, proclaimed outcasts, and their properties confiscated. Fatte Jang Shah, Rangnath Poudel, and the Junior Queen Rajya Laxmi Devi, the anti-Pande faction, obtained from the King the liberation of Bhimsen, Mathabar, and the rest of the party, about eight months after they were incarcerated for the poisoning case. Confiscation of some properties was pardoned. The pro-Thapa soldiers rallied to Bhimsen, Mathabar Singh, and Sherjung Thapa's houses. Mathabar Singh fled to India while pretending to go on

736-720: The active politics of the Kingdom of Nepal, along with the Shah dynasty , Basnyat family , and the Pande dynasty before the rise of the Rana dynasty or Kunwar family . At the end of 18th century, Thapas had extreme dominance over Nepalese Darbar politics alternatively contesting for central power against the Pande family . Bir Bhadra Thapa was a Thapa of Chhetri group and leading Bharadar during Unification of Nepal . His grandson Bhimsen Thapa became Mukhtiyar of Nepal and established Thapa dynasty to

782-448: The arms of courtiers who had managed to bring them. Queen Rajya Lakshmi Devi and King Rajendra Bikram Shah were also present in the Kot. Queen Rajya Lakshmi demanded the execution of Kaji Bir Keshar (Kishor) Pande on alleged suspicion to which General Abhiman Singh Rana Magar looked towards King for confirmation. Jang misinformed Queen that Abhiman Singh's troops were arriving for overpowering

828-401: The capital. Bhimsen instated his youngest brother, General Ranabir Singh Thapa , in the royal palace as chief palace authority. Any meetings between the royal family and commoners or Bhardars were done under his permission and observation. Thapas remained on political power from the military domination by Bhimsen Thapa. It was no secret that Bhimsen was able to maintain his supremacy due to

874-612: The death of King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah and even after the peace deal ( Treaty of Sugauli ) with the British East India Company done between the then ruling prime minister Bhimsen Thapa representative of Nepal and British. The modernization of the Nepalese Army was done to keep things in control while convincing the suspicious British of no intention to use. Bhimsen increased his family members in court and military and also transferred other aristocratic families away from

920-458: The dominating position of central court politics of Nepal. The Thapa family gave rise to the Rana dynasty of Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana whose father Bal Narsingh Kunwar was the son-in-law of Kaji Nain Singh Thapa . Similarly, this dynasty was connected to the Pande aristocratic family through Nain Singh Thapa who was the son-in-law of once Mulkaji Ranajit Pande The Thapa dynasty comes from

966-520: The family of Kaji Bir Bhadra Thapa , commander of Unification of Nepal . He had three sons: Jeevan Thapa (died at the Battle of Kirtipur ), Bangsha Raj Thapa, and Amar Singh Thapa (Sardar) . The eldest son of Amar Singh Thapa (Sardar) was Bhimsen Thapa who later became an essential ruler in Nepalese history. The family became prominent during the rule of King Prithvi Narayan Shah and were established as

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1012-621: The government. He consolidated the position of premiership after conducting Kot massacre (Kot Parva) and Bhandarkhal Parva on the basic templates provided by his maternal grand-uncle Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa . After the massacres of Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas , Pandes , Basnyats and other citizens had settled in Banaras . Similarly, some citizens had gone to settle in Nautanwa and Bettiah . Chautariya Guru Prasad Shah too had gone to live with

1058-515: The hand of Ahirāma's daughter, who was a great beauty, through only Kalas Puja, to which Ahirāma replied to give his daughter only through lawful marriage. The King brought his troops and tried to take on the village by force. Ahirāma was supported by the villagers belonging to the Parājulī Thāpā caste and a war was initiated. On the same day, Ahirāma took his immediate family including two sons namely; Ram Krishna Kunwar and Jaya Krishna Kunwar, to

1104-530: The hills after the siege of Chittaur. He was employed by a hill Raja for ten or twelve months who wanted to retain Rāma Siṃha in his country. The hill Raja asked for the daughter of the Raja of Bīnātī, a Bagāle Kṣetrī , and married her to Rāma Siṃha. They had six sons over 10–12 years, one of whom was recognized by the title of Kum̐vara Khaḍkā for bravery displayed in the battle against Raja of Satān Koṭ. The title

1150-401: The large standing army under his and his family's command. Thus, King Rajendra of Nepal feared the Thapa faction as "...a race of men who for the last fifty-five years have dragged the country and its princes at the wheels of military car." Bhimsen had committed atrocities against the Pande family by being involved in the execution of Nepalese Chief Kazi Damodar Pande . Rana Jang Pande ,

1196-491: The leading member of Pande aristocratic family and his brother, Ranadal Pande, was elevated in the Nepal Darbar. On 24 July 1837, King Rajendra Bikram Shah 's infant son, Devendra Bikram Shah, died. Bhimsen and members of the Thapa faction were blamed and conspired against. On this charge, Bhimsen and whole the Thapa family, the court physicians, Ekdev and Eksurya Upadhyay, and his deputy Bhajuman Baidya, with relatives of

1242-565: The monarchy of King Tribhuvan . The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family , a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom . Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa ) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through

1288-522: The most senior Thapa, was requested to return to Nepal by then ruling Junior Queen Rajya Laxmi after six years of exile. Mathabarsingh Thapa arrived in Kathmandu Valley on 17 April 1843 where he was greeted with state honors. He then re-opened the murder case of his uncle and godfather Bhimsen Thapa , and members of Pande faction and their supporters were executed. The murder of Mathabar Singh on 17 May 1845 by his nephew, Janga Bahadur Kunwar , on

1334-505: The opinion that ruling families in Nepal often claim Indian Rajput descent for political purposes. The Ranas claimed the Vatsa gotra . The founder of this dynasty was Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana , who belonged to the Kunwar family , which was then considered a noble family of Kshatriya status. Jang Bahadur was a son of Gorkhali governor Bal Narsingh Kunwar and nephew of Mathabarsingh Thapa ,

1380-522: The orders of King Rajendra Bikram Shah and his Junior Queen, ended the Thapa family's rule in Nepal giving rise to Agnatic Rana dynasty . The family resided at Thapathali Durbar and Bagh Durbar . Bagh Durbar was constructed by Bhimsen Thapa , who moved to reside near the Basantapur Palace . He initially moved from Gorkha district to Thapathali Durbar and eventually to Bagh Durbar. Bagh Durbar, which literally means The Tiger's Mansion,

1426-528: The rebellions, arrest Rajendra and bring him to Kathmandu. On 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan (Gorakhnath Battalion) reached and rested in a village called Simraungadh , not too far from Alau. The battle of Alau was a decisive one between the forces of King Rajendra and Jang Bahadur. The King lost significantly in the battle. If the massacre of Kot had established Jung Bahadur as a dictator, the battle of Alau had helped him strengthen his dictatorship. Rajendra

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1472-553: The reigning Prime Minister of Nepal (1843–1845) from the Thapa dynasty . Bal Narsingh Kunwar was the son of Kaji Ranajit Kunwar and grandson of Sardar Ram Krishna Kunwar , who was prominent military general of King Prithvi Narayan Shah . Ram Krishna Kunwar was born to Ahiram Kunwar. There were ample of rewards and recognitions received by Sardar Ram Krishna Kunwar from the Gorkhali monarch Prithvi Narayan. His grandson Bal Narsingh

1518-532: The rule of the Shumsher Rana family also known as the Satra Bhai (17 brothers) Rana family. They murdered Ranodip Singh Kunwar and occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister. After this they added Jang Bahadur to their name, although they were descended from Jang's younger brother Dhir Shumsher. Nine Rana rulers took the hereditary office(s) of Prime Minister, Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Grand Master of

1564-526: The same day Surendra was crowned as the new king of Nepal. Hearing the news of the coronation of Surendra, Rajendra decided to take the responsibility of removing Jung Bahadur upon himself and declaring himself as the leader of the army, he left Benaras. Rajendra then appointed Guru Prasad Shah as the Chief of the Army for the operation of removal of Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal and started to accumulate weapons and training

1610-414: The sword gifted by French Emperor Napoleon I . The unrelated family of Amar Singh Thapa was also included in broader Thapa caucus. List of Allies during Transition Phase (1837–1846) List of Opponents during Transition Phase (1837–1846) Favoured Pandes over Thapas. Dharahara tower was built by Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa. Dharahara is said to be built for Queen Tripurasundari of Nepal , who

1656-613: The troops. Antagonism from the British-India Company forced Rajendra and his troops to enter Nepal. On 23 July, the troops reached a village called Alau in Bara and set a camp there. One spy group of the Government of Nepal was keeping close eyes on the event of the rebel groups at Bettiah . They sent the news to Jung Bahadur, immediately after which he sent a troop in the leadership of Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. They were told to suppress

1702-412: The way, and marched towards Bhandarkhal where seeing Jang Bahadur approach fully armed with his troops, the other conspirators started to flee. 23 people were killed in the massacre while 15 escaped. In the 23rd of September 1846, all officers of military and bureaucracy were called upon to their respective offices within 10 days. Then, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the highest ranks of

1748-534: The youngest son of Damodar Pande , was a supporter of Senior Queen Samrajya Laxmi and had planned for the downfall of the 31-year Thapa rule. In the Nepalese court, the rivalry between the two queens rose where the Senior Queen supported the Pandes, while the Junior Queen supported the Thapas. Bhimsen went to his ancestral home in Gorkha for some time, making Ranabir Singh Thapa as Acting Mukhtiyar . Rana Jang Pande ,

1794-592: Was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to

1840-531: Was built in 1805 A.D. by PM Bhimsen Thapa . It had a spacious Janarala Bagh (General's Garden), a pond and many temples glorifying the Mukhtiyar General. When Thapa rule was revived, PM Mathabarsingh Thapa recaptured the lost palace and resided there for two years. The National Museum of Nepal at Chhauni was once a residence to Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa . The building has a collection of bronze sculptures, paubha paintings , and weapons including

1886-500: Was daughter of Mulkaji Ranajit Pande . Bal Narsingh's son Kaji Jung Bahadur Kunwar became a significant person in the central politics of Nepal during the prime ministership of his uncle Mathabar Singh Thapa . On 17 May 1845 around 11 pm, Mathabar Singh was summoned to the royal palace and was assassinated in a cold blood by Jung Bahadur on the royal orders. He was considered to have been merciless, ruthless and fatal due to his association with Mathabar Singh. Jung Bahadur

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1932-474: Was done through indirect control of the king via his wife Queen Trailokya , and through threats against the king. Before this, the Ranas had merely been regarded as Khas-Chhetris, and had had no pretensions to any kind of royal origin. In 1885, the Shumsher family, the nephews of Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana , murdered many of the sons of Jung Bahadur and took over Nepal in a military coup d'état thus bringing in

1978-597: Was imprisoned in an old palace in Bhaktapur. On 15 May 1848, a lal mohar (royal seal) was issued, issued claiming descent for the Kunwars/self-style Ranas from Ranas of Mewar and authorizing the Kunwar family of Jang Bahadur to style themselves as Kunwar Ranaji . On 6 August 1856, Jang Bahadur Kunwar (now Ranaji) was conferred the title of Maharaja ( Great King ) of Kaski and Lamjung, two former hill principalities, by King of Nepal, Surendra Bikram Shah . This

2024-406: Was initially a follower of the renounced King Rana Bahadur Shah and Kaji Bhimsen Thapa , and followed the King in his exile to Banaras on 1 May 1800. On the night of 25 April 1806, King Rana Bahadur was killed by step-brother Sher Bahadur in desperation after which Bal Narsingh immediately killed the King's assassin. He was a close ally of the influential minister Bhimsen Thapa, who initiated

2070-481: Was made a Kaji (equivalent to minister) after following the order of assassination of Mathabar. On the night of 14 September 1846, Queen Rajya Lakshmi Devi summoned the courtiers on the mysterious murderer of her aide General Kaji Gagan Singh , to which courtiers hurried to the Kot quickly. Many of the courtiers were unarmed except for a sword, as they had responded immediately to the royal summons. The armies allocated by Jung Bahadur Rana also had taken most of

2116-431: Was used by his descendants. Rāma Siṃha was suddenly met by his younger brother who requested him to return Chittaur for once, and Rāma Siṃha died reaching there. The hill Raja made Rāma Siṃha's son Rāut Kunwar a nobleman (Sardār) and commandant of the army. Ahirāma Kunwar, a son of Rāut Kunwar, was invited by the King of Kaski and was made a nobleman with a birta or jagir of Dhuage Saghu village. The King of Kaski asked for

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