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95-532: The palace was classified as a National Monument in 1910 and was also a finalist in the Seven Wonders of Portugal . On 7 July 2019, the Royal Building of Mafra – Palace, Basilica , Convent, Cerco Garden and Hunting Park ( Tapada ) was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The palace , which also served as a Franciscan friary , was built during the reign of King John V (1717–1750), as consequence of

190-648: A canonical coronation to the image of Our Lady of Solitude of the basilica, guarded by the Confraternity of the Most Blessed Sacrament. The Rococo library, situated at the back of the second floor, is truly the highlight of the palace, rivalling the grandeur of the library of the Melk Abbey in Austria. Built by Manuel Caetano de Sousa , this library is 88 m long, 9.5 m wide and 13 m high. The magnificent floor

285-600: A vow the king made in 1711, to build a convent if his wife, Maria Anna of Austria , gave him offspring. The birth of his first daughter the Infanta Barbara of Portugal , prompted construction of the palace to begin. The palace was conveniently located near royal hunting preserves, and was usually a secondary residence for the royal family. The construction was funded in large part from the proceeds of Colonial Brazil , where gold and then diamonds were mined in vast quantities. This vast complex, largely built of Lioz stone,

380-646: A Broken Limb . Another key pattern has him meditating on an open book in which the Christ Child himself appears, as in the El Greco below. Over time the child came to be shown considerably larger than the book and some images even do without the book entirely. He typically appears carrying the infant Jesus and holding a cross. In popular votive offerings , Anthony is often depicted as miraculously saving individuals in various accidents. The Austrian composer Gustav Mahler 's song cycle Des Knaben Wunderhorn contains

475-466: A Franciscan would be the homilist . In this quandary, the head of the hermitage, who did not think any of his own humble friars could give a homily for the occasion, called upon Anthony, whom he suspected was most qualified, and entreated him to speak whatever the Holy Spirit might inspire. Anthony objected, but was overruled, and his impromptu sermon created a deep impression on his audience. His audience

570-495: A cell one of the friars had made in a nearby cave, spending time in private prayer and study. In 1222, in the town of Forlì , a number of visiting Dominican friars were present for the occasion of an ordination, and a misunderstanding arose over who should preach. The Franciscans had expected that one of the Dominicans would occupy the pulpit, being renowned for their preaching. However, the Dominicans had come unprepared, thinking

665-565: A half-starved mule and showed it fresh fodder . Saint Anthony showed the mule the monstrance containing the Blessed Sacrament. The mule ignored the fodder and bowed before the Blessed Sacrament. The Tempietto of Sant'Antonio marks the spot where the miracle took place. Other versions of this miracle place it in Toulouse or Bourges . Another account tells of an occasion in Italy when Anthony

760-457: A length of 63 m. It is rather narrow (16.5 m), an impression accentuated by the height of its nave (21.5 m). The vestibule (Galilee porch) contains a group of large sculptures in Carrara marble, representing the patron saints of several monastic orders. The interior makes abundantly use of local rose-coloured marble, intermingled with white marble in different patterns. The multi-coloured designs of

855-431: A live body; a further claim being made that this was a sign of his gift of preaching. On 1 January 1981, Pope John Paul II authorized a scientific team to study Anthony's remains and the tomb was opened five days later. Anthony was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 30 May 1232, at Spoleto , Italy, less than one year after his death. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI : The richness of spiritual teaching contained in

950-575: A magnificent giant candleholder with seven lamps sprouting from the mouth of seven rolled-up snakes. Above the main altar, inserting into the ceiling, is a gigantic jasper crucifix of 4.2 m, flanked by two kneeling angels, made by the School of Mafra. The cupola over the crossing was also inspired by the cupola of Sant'Agnese in Agone (by the Roman Baroque architect Francesco Borromini ). This 70 m-high cupola with

1045-503: A major library, with about 30,000 rare books. The basilica is decorated with several Italian statues and includes six historical pipe organs and two carillons , composed of 98 bells. The exact site was chosen in 1713 and purchased in 1716. Construction began by the laying of the first stone on November 17, 1717, with a grand ceremony in the presence of the king, his entire court and the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon . Initially it

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1140-738: A marriage saint, because legends exist of him reconciling couples. His feast day, 13 June, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages (the previous day, 12 June, is the Dia dos Namorados in Brazil). He is one of the saints celebrated in the Brazilian Festa Junina , along with John the Baptist and Saint Peter . He is venerated in Mogán Village in Gran Canaria , where his feast day

1235-580: A process to qualify and quantify those structures that have had an intrinsic value to the Portuguese culture. Starting with the Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGMEN) , and later by the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR) , the Portuguese government developed a registry of national monuments that includes a rich heritage of historical monuments throughout

1330-577: A scale never seen before in Portugal. The basilica was dedicated to Our Lady and to Saint Anthony of Padua . However the building was not finished. The lantern on the cupola was completed in 1735. Work continued until 1755, when the work force was needed in Lisbon after the devastation of the Lisbon earthquake . The palace was not occupied permanently by the royalty, who considered the rooms too gloomy. Nonetheless, it

1425-469: A small Payaya Indian community along what was then known as the Yanaguana River on the feast day of Saint Anthony, 13 June. The Franciscan chaplain, Father Damien Massanet, with agreement from General Domingo de Teran, renamed the rivers in his honor, and eventually built a mission nearby , as well. This mission became the focal point of a small community that eventually grew in size and scope to become

1520-464: A small lantern atop, is carried by four finely sculpted arcs in rose and white marble. There are six organs, four of which are located in the transept, constituting a rather uncommon ensemble. There were built by Joaquim Peres Fontanes and António Xavier Machado e Cerveira between 1792 and 1807 (when the French troops occupied Mafra). They were made out of partially gilded Brazilian wood. The largest pipe

1615-507: A small town near Naples , where the tradition of honoring Saint Anthony goes back to 1688. Each year the Sandia Pueblo along with Santa Clara Pueblo celebrates the feast day of Saint Anthony with traditional Native American dances. On 27 January 1907, in Beaumont, Texas , a church was dedicated and named in honor of Saint Anthony. The church was later designated a cathedral in 1966 with

1710-1054: A strict procedure defined by Decree-Law no. 309/2009 (23 October 2009), which entered into force in January 2010. IGESPAR also monitors and participates in the UNESCO registry of World Heritage Sites as a member state: there are 13 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in territory of Portugal. Similarly, eleven assets in the UNESCO world heritage list of 878 sites were former Portuguese possessions at one time, spread across three continents (Africa, America and Asia) associated with period of Portuguese Discoveries. Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua , OFM , ( Portuguese : António/Antônio de Pádua ; Italian : Antonio di/da Padova ; Latin : Antonius Patavinus ) or Anthony of Lisbon ( Portuguese : António/Antônio de Lisboa ; Italian : Antonio da/di Lisbona ; Latin : Antonius Olisiponensis ; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões ; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231)

1805-425: A strong distrust of the place of theological studies in the life of his brotherhood , fearing it might lead to an abandonment of their commitment to a life of real poverty and service. In Anthony, however, he found a kindred spirit who shared his vision and could also provide the teaching any young members of the order seeking ordination might need. In 1224, he entrusted the pursuit of studies for any of his friars to

1900-598: A year after his death. He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946. Anthony was born Fernando Martins de Bulhões in Lisbon , Portugal . While 15th-century writers state that his parents were Vicente Martins and Teresa Pais Taveira, and that his father was the brother of Pedro Martins de Bulhões, the ancestor of the Bulhão or Bulhões family, Niccolò Dal-Gal views this as less certain. His wealthy and noble family arranged for him to be instructed at

1995-419: Is 6 m high and has a diameter of 0.28 m. King John V had commissioned liturgical vestments from master embroiderers from Genoa and Milan , such as Giuliano Saturni and Benedetto Salandri, and from France. They attest of superb quality and workmanship by their embroidering in gold technique and the use of silk thread in the same colour. The religious paintings in the basilica and the convent constitute one of

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2090-469: Is among the most sumptuous Baroque buildings in Portugal and at 40,000 m, one of the largest royal palaces. Designed by the German architect Johann Friedrich Ludwig , the palace was built symmetrically from a central axis, occupied by the basilica , and continues lengthwise through the main façade until two major towers. The structures of the convent are located behind the main façade. The building also includes

2185-509: Is celebrated every year with oversized objects carried through the streets for the fiesta. In Albania , the Franciscans arrived in 1240 spreading the word of Saint Anthony (Shna Ndou) . The St. Anthony Church, Laç ( Albanian : Kisha e Shna Ndout or Kisha e Laçit ) in Laç was built in his honor. Saint Anthony is one of the most important saints amongst Albanians and the pilgrimage to his church

2280-481: Is covered with tiles of rose, grey and white marble. The wooden bookshelves in Rococo style are situated on the sidewalls in two rows, separated by a balcony with a wooden railing. They contain over 36,000 leather-bound volumes, attesting of the extent of western knowledge from the 14th to the 19th century. Among them, are many valuable bibliographical jewels, such as incunabula . These beautiful finished volumes were bound in

2375-506: Is dedicated to St. Anthony and houses an ancient wooden statue believed to have been carved by one of the crew. In Kerala, where Vasco da Gama had landed in 1498 and where the Portuguese had their first stations in India some of the most ancient churches were renamed after St. Antony and new churches were dedicated to him. In the Philippines , the devotion to St. Anthony of Padua began in 1581, in

2470-453: Is done yearly by a considerable number of Eastern Orthodox and Muslim Albanians as well. Saint Anthony lived and died during the episcopates of Eastern Orthodox Patriarch Mark III of Alexandria and Patriarch Nicholas I of Alexandria , both of whom still maintained communion with the Pope of Rome. In the town of Brusciano , Italy, located near Naples, an annual feast in honor of Saint Anthony

2565-405: Is held in late August. This tradition dates back to 1875. The tradition started when a man prayed to Saint Anthony for his sick son to get better. He vowed that if his son would become healthy he would build and dance a giglio like the people of Nola do for their patron San Paolino during the annual Fest Dei Gigli. (A giglio is a tall tower topped with a statue of the saint that is carried through

2660-506: Is held that day through the streets of its South Village neighborhood, during which a relic of the saint is carried for veneration . Each year on the weekend of the last Sunday in August, Boston's North End holds a feast in honor of Saint Anthony. Referred to as the "Feast of All Feasts", Saint Anthony's Feast in Boston's North End was begun in 1919 by Italian immigrants from Montefalcione ,

2755-511: Is located in the centre of the main façade, symmetrically flanked on both sides by the royal palace. John V, wishing to rival the splendour of Rome, had sought architectural advice from his ambassador to the Vatican , who sent him small-scale models of important Roman religious buildings. The benedictal balcony at its centre is clearly mirrored on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. But this balcony

2850-638: Is rather intended for the King, as a symbol of his power, than for the benedictions by a prelate . The two church towers (68 m high) are inspired by the towers of Sant'Agnese in Agone (by the Roman Baroque architect Francesco Borromini ). Their two carillons contain a total of 92 church bells, founded in Antwerp . The story goes that the Flemish bell-founders were so astonished by the size of their commission, that they asked to be paid in advance. The King retorted by doubling

2945-559: Is said to be preserved in a special reliquary, which is located in a glass case together with a statue of the saint, at the entrance to the church. Antonianism ( Portuguese : antonianismo ) was a syncretic Bakongo Catholic movement formed in the Kingdom of Kongo between 1704 and 1708 as a development out of the Roman Catholic Church in Kongo , yet without denying the authority of

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3040-563: Is said to be preserved in the Franciscan friary in Bologna. Occasionally, Anthony took another post as a teacher at universities like University of Montpellier and University of Toulouse in southern France, but his preaching was considered to be his supreme gift. According to historian Sophronius Clasen, Anthony preached "the grandeur of Christianity". His method included allegory and symbolical explanation of scripture. In 1226, after attending

3135-463: The Estado Novo regime in order to inventory national treasures and preserve existing monuments. Although there are numerous monuments from various ages some of them have a special value due to their historical, architectural, artistic and cultural importance. These monuments are classified and protected by the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR) ( Institute for

3230-447: The Pope . Its founder was a young charismatic woman named Beatriz Kimpa Vita who said she was possessed by Saint Anthony of Padua. Beatriz became known for healing and other miracles. It was eventually suppressed by King Pedro IV of Kongo , and Dona Beatriz was burned at the stake as a heretic. As the number of Franciscan saints increased, iconography struggled to distinguish Anthony from

3325-595: The Sermons was so great that in 1946 Venerable Pope Pius XII proclaimed Anthony a Doctor of the Church, attributing to him the title Doctor evangelicus , since the freshness and beauty of the Gospel emerge from these writings. Anthony's fame spread through Portuguese evangelization, and he has been known as the most celebrated of the followers of Francis of Assisi. He is the patron saint of Padua and many places in Portugal and in

3420-446: The general chapter of his order held at Arles , France, and preaching in the region of Provence , Anthony returned to Italy and was appointed Provincial superior of northern Italy. He chose the city of Padua as his location. In 1228, he served as envoy from the general chapter to Pope Gregory IX . At the papal court , his preaching was hailed as a "jewel case of the Bible " and he

3515-417: The invention of the printing press , any book was hand-copied , and thus, an item of high value; a Franciscan friar in particular, given his vow of poverty, would have found such an item difficult to replace. When Anthony realized his psalter was missing, he prayed it would be found or returned, after which the thief was moved to not only return the book to Anthony, but also return to the order. The stolen book

3610-722: The mule in Rimini that allegedly bowed down to him holding the Eucharist . In 1511, Titian painted three large frescoes in the Scuola del Santo in Padua, depicting scenes of the miracles from the life of Saint Anthony: The Miracle of the Jealous Husband , which depicts the murder of a young woman by her husband; A Child Testifying to Its Mother's Innocence ; and The Saint Healing the Young Man with

3705-507: The 1060s and 1070s. It became an autonomous dominion of the Kingdom of León in 1128, emerging as a fully independent kingdom in 1139, officially recognized by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143. After this period, and with the rise of the Portuguese state after the beginning of the Age of Discovery, Portuguese architecture expanded under the patronage of the wealthy kings, nobility, powerful clergy and through

3800-602: The Christian Reconquista began, expanding progressively south towards the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. This was not a permanent expansion, since the Moorish-Christian frontier continued to expand and retract for several years, with the victories and defeats of each battle. Meanwhile, Portugal became a county of the Kingdom of León and briefly during the independence of the Kingdom of Galicia in

3895-552: The Mafra National Palace had a great need for sculptors, local and from abroad, it became the location of a sculpture academy headed by the Italian Alessandro Giusti (1715–1799). Among the teachers were several important sculptors, such as José de Almeida (1709–1769), Claude de Laprade (1682–1738) and Giovanni Antonio da Padova (who created most of the statues for the cathedral of Évora ). The academy

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3990-646: The Management of Architectural and Archaeological Heritage ), which classifies national treasures in terms of several general criteria: historic and cultural, aesthetic and social, technical and scientific, but also includes issues of integrity, authenticity and exemplary importance. Owing to its relative value and importance, the cultural property may be listed as or national, public or municipal interest. In addition, these definitions are also defined in terms of being monuments, groups of buildings or sites, based on existing international conventions. IGESPAR regularly proposes

4085-460: The Ophi. The serpent-worshipping Ophis are believed to have been a Celtic culture. These areas were eventually conquered, settled and assimilated by Indo-European peoples, made up of two probable invasions, the first by Proto-Celts who became the celebrated Lusitanians and the second by more developed Celts . Phoenicians also settled in trading posts along the coast and may have had contact with

4180-723: The Portuguese Nobel laureate José Saramago . The main character, Baltasar, born in Mafra, works on the construction of the palace. Saramago makes a detailed description of the building process, including the transport of a giant stone from the quarry to the building site (which Baltasar assists with), depicting it as a torture for those who helped build the palace. [REDACTED] Media related to Palácio Nacional de Mafra at Wikimedia Commons List of national monuments of Portugal The national monuments of Portugal ( Portuguese : Monumentos Nacionais ) were constructed throughout

4275-406: The Portuguese territory, and the oldest date back to the period of pre-historic settlement of occupation. Subsequently, the region that is today Portugal has been colonized by many civilizations, which have left marks in the territory, constructing markers, defensive structures, homes and places of worship to suit their requirements and means. The formal organization of the Portuguese state resulted in

4370-614: The Roman ruins of Conímbriga ( Condeixa-a-Nova ), in addition to many vestiges that encountered in the cities of Lisbon or Évora . The disorganization in the Roman empire, which led to its fall, allowed the conquest by the Visigoths and the Christian Suevi in later years, along with other Germanic tribes . Many of the structures that survived this period include ancient churches and inscriptions built over previous constructions, which were

4465-459: The application of the same architectural style over the whole building suggests the work of Ludwig as the head-architect in charge of the Royal Office of Works ( Real Obra ). Construction lasted 13 years and mobilized a vast army of workers from the entire country (a daily average of 15,000 but at the end climbing to 30,000 and a maximum of 45,000), under the command of António Ludovice, the son of

4560-469: The architect. In addition 7,000 soldiers were assigned to preserve order at the construction site. They used 400 kg of gunpowder to blast through the bedrock for the laying of foundations. There was even a hospital for the sick or wounded workers. A total of 1,383 workers died during the construction. The façade is 220 meters long. The whole complex covers 37,790 m with about 1,200 rooms, more than 4,700 doors and windows, and 156 stairways. When complete

4655-504: The arts. He appointed an architect João Frederico Ludovice as director of the royal works at Mafra. Ludwig had studied architecture in Rome and knew contemporary Italian art. The extent of Ludwig's responsibility is unclear, as several other architects were involved in this project: the Milanese builder Carlos Baptista Garbo, Custódio Vieira, Manuel da Maia and even his own son António. However

4750-554: The assumably proto-Celtic Lusitanians , who, along with the Celtic Gallaeci , Celtici , Conii and Turduli became the base of the modern Portuguese ethnicity and culture. The Lusitanians along with the Gallaeci developed the Castro culture at the time of their invasion by the legions of Rome. A formal organization of what would become Portugal began with the Roman occupation of

4845-516: The basilica. The royal family could here attend Mass, seated at a window opening unto the basilica. The bust of John V in this hall is a work of the Italian Alessandro Giusti . The Throne Room, the Guard Room and the Room of Goddess Diana are decorated with murals by artist such as Cirilo Wolkmar Machado , Bernardo Oliveira Góis and Vieira Lusitano . The church is built in the form of a Latin cross with

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4940-567: The best pieces of art and furniture in the building. Jean-Andoche Junot took up residence in the palace, to be driven out in turn by Wellington . In 1834, after the Liberal Wars , Queen Maria II ordered the dissolution of the religious orders and the convent was abandoned by the Franciscans. During the last reigns of the House of Braganza , the palace was mainly used as a base for hunting. In 1849

5035-457: The biggest single order done by a foreign power in Rome and still is one of the biggest collections in existence. The parish of Mafra ( Santo André de Mafra ) and the Royal and Venerable Confraternity of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Mafra ( Portuguese : Real e Venerável Irmandade do Santíssimo Sacramento de Mafra ) have their headquarters in the basilica. On 10 November 2020, Pope Francis granted

5130-455: The building consisted of a friary capable of sheltering 330 friars, along with a royal palace and a huge library of 30,000 books, embellished with marble , exotic woods and countless artworks taken from France, Flanders and Italy, which included six monumental pipe organs and the two carillons . The basilica and the convent were inaugurated on the day of the King's 41st birthday on October 22, 1730. The festivities lasted for 8 days and were of

5225-416: The care of Anthony. The traditional practice of praying for St. Anthony's help in finding lost or stolen things is traced to an incident during his lifetime that occurred in Bologna. According to the story, Anthony had a book of psalms that was important to him, as it contained his notes and comments for use in teaching his students. A novice who had chosen to leave had taken the psalter with him. Prior to

5320-526: The centre of Lusitanian settlements. Early Christian influences persisted for several centuries, until the Moors and Arab Berber peoples (from North Africa) invaded the Peninsula, including all of the territory which would eventually become Portugal. The Moors were first to construct many of the medieval castles that dot the landscapes of Portugal. From the northern enclaves (Galicia and Asturias in Portugal's case),

5415-480: The church wherein a snake was disrupting construction work. The people turned to St. Anthony for help and placed his statue at the construction site. The next morning, the snake was found caught in the cord placed in the statue's hand. St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade , located in Sri Lanka , is dedicated to the saint. The church is designated a national shrine and minor basilica. A tiny piece of St. Anthony's tongue

5510-451: The conservation of the main façade . A major restoration of the historical pipe organs began in 1998 with the collaboration of foreign experts and was finished in 2010. The restoration won the Europa Nostra 2012 award. The imposing façade, built of local limestone , is 220 m long and faces the town of Mafra. At each end of the façade stands a square tower with a bulbous dome, such as found in Central Europe. The church, built in white marble,

5605-497: The countries of the former Portuguese Empire . He is especially invoked and venerated all over the world as the patron saint for the recovery of lost items and is credited with many miracles involving lost people, lost things and even lost spiritual goods. St. Anthony Chaplets help devotees to meditate on the thirteen virtues of the saint. Some of these chaplets were used by members of confraternities that had Anthony as their patron saint. In 1692, Spanish missionaries came across

5700-409: The country. This is a compilation of those structures that are designated as National Monuments only. The first documented peoples to occupy the western coast of Iberia were the " Ostrimni " recorded in Ancient Latin poetry, whose territory stretched from Galicia (in northwestern Spain) to the Algarve (southern area of Portugal). The Greeks called the area of Portugal Ophiussa, and its inhabitants

5795-466: The death of Anthony. One holds that when he died, children cried in the streets and all the church bells rang of their own accord. According to another legend, when he was initially buried his tongue, jaw, and vocal cords were chosen as relics for veneration and displayed in a large reliquary . When his body was exhumed 30 years after his death, it was found turned to dust, but the tongue was claimed to have glistened and looked as if it were still part of

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5890-419: The early 1900s. In Poland , he is the patron saint of Przeworsk . The icon of Saint Anthony, dating from 1649, is housed in a local Franciscan church, Kaplica Świętego Antoniego w Przeworsku  [ pl ] . Saint Anthony is honored in Uvari , in Tamil Nadu , India, where legend holds that the crew of a Portuguese ship was cured of cholera through the intercession of St. Anthony. The local church

5985-450: The fall of the monarchy in Portugal, many of the once important buildings in the country were either reused as seats of governmental power, abandoned into ruin or reused as museum, although some remained places of public use (such as the religious places of worship). The 20th century movement to restore and preserve the architectural history of Portugal was initiated under the Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGMEN) during

6080-477: The floor are repeated on the ceiling. The barrel vault rests on fluted Corinthian semicolumns standing between the side chapels. The chapels in the transept contain altarpieces in jasper made by sculptors from the School of Mafra. The side aisles display 58 marble statues commissioned from the best Roman sculptors of their time. The All Saint's chapel in the transept is screened from the crossing by iron railings with bronze ornaments, made in Antwerp . The choir has

6175-427: The formation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont , but was not formally consecrated. On 28 April 1974, St. Anthony Cathedral was dedicated and consecrated by Bishop Warren Boudreaux. In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI granted the cathedral the designation of minor basilica. St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica celebrated its 100th anniversary on 28 January 2007. St. Anthony gives his name to Mission San Antonio de Padua ,

6270-418: The friars, whose order had been founded only 11 years prior. News arrived that five Franciscans had been beheaded in Morocco , the first of their order to be killed . King Afonso II of Portugal ransomed their bodies to be returned and buried as martyrs in the Monastery of the Holy Cross . Inspired by their example, Fernando obtained permission from church authorities to leave the Canons Regular to join

6365-437: The late 12th century—near a convent he had founded in 1229. Because of his notability, the construction of a large church, now the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua , was begun around 1232 and completed in 1301. The smaller church was incorporated into the structure as the Cappella della Madonna Mora or Chapel of the Dark Madonna. Today the basilica is commonly referred to as "Il Santo" (The Saint). Various legends also surround

6460-455: The listing of new assets based on its mission to safeguard national heritage. As time goes by, a wide variety of new buildings and groups of structures of varying typologies have been added to the national register of monuments, such modernist architecture, vernacular landscapes, archaeological sites, monastic buildings/structures, historical gardens, and more recently human-built business and industrial establishments. The listing process follows

6555-402: The local cathedral school . At the age of 15, he was received into the Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross at the Abbey of Saint Vincent on the outskirts of Lisbon. In 1212, distracted by frequent visits from family and friends, he asked to be transferred to the motherhouse of the congregation, the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra , then the capital of Portugal. There,

6650-402: The local workshop ( Livraria ) in the rocaille style (also by Manuel Caetano de Sousa). The library is known for homing bats which protect the books from insect damage. The library's bat colony includes grey long-eared bats and serotine bats . The library was used in Gulliver's Travels (1996) as the Great Chamber of War for the Emperor of Lilliput. The rectangle behind the church and

6745-424: The many battles with rivals such as Castile , the French and Dutch. During these periods, many of the prominent buildings were destroyed, rebuilt, re-purposed and closed on the whims of the monarchy, which progressively used architectural projects to support their power, remember past glories or expand their position in the Iberian Peninsula. With the demise of the powerful clergy and religious orders, and eventually

6840-538: The monastery part of the building was assigned to the military, a situation still in use today. The last king of Portugal, Manuel II , following the proclamation of the republic , left on 5 October 1910 from the palace to the nearby coastal village of Ericeira on his way to exile. The palace was declared a national monument in 1907. At present, the building is conserved by the Direção-Geral do Património Cultural , which carried out several recovery programs, including

6935-487: The most significant 18th century collections in Portugal. They include works by the Italians Agostino Masucci , Corrado Giaquinto , Francesco Trevisani , Pompeo Batoni and some Portuguese students in Rome such as Vieira Lusitano and Inácio de Oliveira Bernardes . The sculpture collection contains works by almost every major Roman sculptor from the first half of the 18th century. At that time, it represented

7030-577: The new Franciscan order. Upon his admission to the life of the friars, he joined the small hermitage in Olivais , adopting the name Anthony (from the name of the chapel located there, dedicated to Anthony the Great), by which he was to be known. Anthony then set out for Morocco, in fulfilment of his new vocation . However, he fell seriously ill in Morocco and set sail back for Portugal in hope of regaining his health. On

7125-442: The offered amount. These carillons constitute the largest historical collection in the world. The two towers are connected by two rows of Corinthian columns. The top row contains the statues of St. Dominic and St. Francis , sculpted from Carrara marble , standing in a niche on each side of the balcony. The lower row contains the statues of St. Clara and St. Elisabeth of Hungary . The spacious royal apartments are situated on

7220-449: The others. Because of a legend that he had once preached to the fish by the mouth of the river Marecchia in Rimini , this was sometimes used as his attribute. He is also often seen with a white lily stalk, representing his purity. Other conventions referred to St. Anthony's visionary fervor. Thus, one attribute in use for some time was a flaming heart. He is also sometimes depicted along with

7315-462: The palace houses the friary of the Franciscan friars of Arrábida Order ( Ordem de São Francisco da Província da Arrábida ) with cells for about 300 friars in long corridors on several floors. Between 1771 and 1791 this monastery was occupied by the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine . The Mafra School of Sculpture was founded during the reign of King Joseph I of Portugal , successor of King John V. As

7410-418: The peninsula, which were responsible for re-purposing many of the castro settlements and moving the settlements from the hills to the valleys in the region. In the process, they constructed new buildings, established modern infrastructures (including internal water and baths) and a road network that connected Roman villas. Although there are many excavated ruins throughout the country, of particular importance are

7505-448: The return voyage, the ship was pushed off course and landed in Sicily . From Sicily, he made his way to Tuscany , where he was assigned to a convent of the order, but he was met with difficulty on account of his sickly appearance. He was finally assigned to the rural hermitage of San Paolo near Forlì , Romagna , a choice made after considering his poor health. There, he had recourse to

7600-415: The royal family fled in 1807 from the advancing French troops to Brazil, most rooms had to be redecorated in the original style. The Hunting trophy room ( Sala dos Troféus ) is decorated with numerous skulls of deer , the furniture is constructed of antlers and covered with deerskin and even the candleholders are made of deer antlers. The Benediction Gallery ( Sala da Benção ) borders at the upper level of

7695-406: The second floor. The apartments of the king are situated at the end of the palace while the apartment of the queen is 200m away at the other end. Such was this distance that, when the king left his apartment towards the apartment of the queen, this was announced to the queen by the sound of a trumpet. As King John VI had taken with him some of the best pieces of art and furniture in the building when

7790-543: The seventh-largest city in the country, the U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas . In New York City , the Shrine Church of St. Anthony in Greenwich Village , Manhattan celebrates his feast day , starting with the traditional novena of prayers asking for his intercession on the 13 Tuesdays preceding his feast. This culminates with a week-long series of services and a street fair. A traditional Italian-style procession

7885-516: The streets in carefully choreographed maneuvers that resemble a dance.) The celebration has grown over the years to include six giglio towers built in honor of the saint. This tradition has also carried over to America, specifically the East Harlem area of New York, where the immigrants from the town of Brusciano formed the Giglio Society of East Harlem and have been holding their annual feast since

7980-697: The third Franciscan mission dedicated along El Camino Real in California in 1771. In Ellicott City, Maryland , southwest of Baltimore , the Conventual Franciscans of the St. Anthony Province dedicated their old novitiate house as the Shrine of St. Anthony which since 1 July 2004 serves as the official shrine to Saint Anthony for the Archdiocese of Baltimore . Saint Anthony is known in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil as

8075-566: The town of Pila, Laguna , where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, now elevated as the National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua under the Diocese of San Pablo . In Siolim , a village in the Indian state of Goa , St. Anthony is always shown holding a serpent on a stick. This is a depiction of the incident which occurred during the construction of

8170-469: The water's edge until a great crowd of fish was seen gathered before him. The people of the town and even heretics flocked to see this marvelous thing and were moved to listen to Anthony's preaching. In another often-told story, which took place also in Rimini, Anthony was challenged by a heretic to prove the reality of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist . The man, who sought to mock Anthony, brought out

8265-452: The woodland retreat at Camposampiero with two other friars for a respite. There, he lived in a room built for him under the branches of a walnut tree. Anthony died on the way back to Padua on 13 June 1231 at the Poor Clare monastery at Arcella (now part of Padua), at the age of 35. As he had requested, Anthony was buried in the small church of Santa Maria Mater Domini—probably dating from

8360-510: The young Fernando studied theology and Latin . After his ordination to the priesthood, Fernando was named guestmaster at the age of 19, and placed in charge of hospitality for the abbey . While he was in Coimbra, some Friars Minor arrived and settled at a small hermitage outside Coimbra dedicated to St. Anthony the Great . Fernando was strongly attracted to the simple, evangelical lifestyle of

8455-512: Was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor . Anthony was born and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon , Portugal, and died in Padua , Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than

8550-498: Was a popular destination for the members of the royal family who enjoyed hunting in the nearby game preserve, the Tapada Nacional de Mafra . During the regency of Prince John the palace was inhabited for a whole year in 1807. The Prince was responsible for a partial renovation of the building by some well-known artists. However, with the French invasion of Portugal (1807) the royal family fled to Brazil , taking with them some of

8645-468: Was a relatively small project for a friary of 13 Capuchin friars , who were to observe strict poverty. However, when the flow of gold and diamonds from the Portuguese colony of Brazil started to arrive in Lisbon in abundance, the King changed his plans and announced the construction of a sumptuous palace along with a much enlarged friary. This immense wealth allowed the King to be a generous patron of

8740-472: Was awarded many commissions by the Augustinians from the monastery, resulting in the many marble statues and retables in marble and jasper in the basilica. This academy produced several generations of Portuguese sculptors, such as Joaquim Machado de Castro (1731–1822). A major reference to the construction of the palace is made in the novel Baltasar and Blimunda ( Memorial do Convento ), written by

8835-530: Was commissioned to produce his collection of sermons, Sermons for Feast Days (Sermones in Festivitates) . Gregory IX described Anthony as the " Ark of the Testament" (Doctor Arca testamenti) . The story of Anthony "preaching to the fish" originated in Rimini , where he had gone to preach. When heretics there treated him with contempt, Anthony was said to have gone to the shoreline, where he began to preach at

8930-532: Was dining with heretics. He realized the food they put before him was poisoned, and he confronted them. The men admitted to attempting to kill him, but then challenged him to eat if he truly believed the words spoken in Mark 16:18 about the apostles of Christ: "and if they drink any deadly thing, it will not harm them". Anthony is said to have blessed the food and eaten it without harm, much to the amazement of his hosts. Anthony became sick with ergotism in 1231 and went to

9025-485: Was moved not only by his rich voice and arresting manner, but also by the theme and substance of his discourse, his deep knowledge of scripture, and the eloquence with which he delivered his message. Anthony was then sent by Brother Gratian, the local minister provincial , to the Franciscan province of Romagna , based in Bologna . He soon came to the attention of the founder of the order, Francis of Assisi . Francis had held

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