59-567: Kingdom of Ireland titles : Mac Giolla Phádraig ( Irish: [mˠək ɟɪl̪ˠə fˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ] ; Old Irish : Mac Gilla Pátraic ) is a native Irish dynastic surname which translates into English as "Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick " . In the medieval period, the Mac Giolla Phádraigs were hereditary kings of Osraige ; today, the anglicised version of the name is commonly " Fitzpatrick ". The name "Giolla Phádraig" first appears in
118-553: A Lord Deputy or viceroy . The post was held by senior nobles such as Thomas Radcliffe . From 1688 the title was usually Lord Lieutenant . In the absence of a Lord Deputy, lords justices ruled. While some Irishmen held the post, most of the lords deputy were English noblemen. While the viceroy controlled the Irish administration as the monarch's representative, in the eighteenth century the political post of Chief Secretary for Ireland became increasingly powerful. The kingdom's legislature
177-810: A 13th-century French roll of arms, the Armorial Wijnbergen , also known as the Wijnbergen Roll, said to be preserved in The Hague, in the Netherlands but currently untraced; a copy is held in the Royal Library of Belgium (Collection Goethals, ms. 2569). This may have been an aspirational depiction for a putative High-King, for it was not related to the Lordship of Ireland at that time by the English king, who only assumed
236-569: A Norse influence on the name. In 1537, As part of the surrender /submission of Brian Mac Giolla Phádraig, then the ruling chief of Upper Ossory and lineal descendant of Gilla Pátraic mac Donnchada, to King Henry VIII Brian took the anglicised name of Fitz-Patrick , Fitz is a norman french name meaning son. and the majority of the Mac Giolla Phádraig clan followed suit. Many members of the lineage feature prominently in Irish and English politics throughout history. Numerous places throughout
295-605: A confederation of Irish lords and Spain against the crown, in what later became known as the Nine Years' War . A series of stunning Irish victories brought English power in Ireland to the point of collapse by the beginning of 1600, but a renewed campaign under Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy forced Tyrone to submit in 1603, completing the Tudor conquest of Ireland. In 1603 James VI King of Scots became James I of England and Ireland , uniting
354-521: A series of laws called the Penal Laws . They were denied voting rights from 1728 until 1793. The Grattan Parliament succeeded in achieving the repeal of Poynings' Law in 1782. This allowed progressive legislation and gradual liberalisation was effected. Catholics and Dissenters were given the right to vote in 1793, but Catholics were still excluded from the Irish Parliament and senior public offices in
413-465: A tower (sometime triple-towered) or, from the port, a hart springing argent. Another crest is a harp or. The national flag of Ireland exhibits the harp in a field vert. The royal badge of Ireland, as settled by sign-manual in 1801 is a harp, or, stringed argent, and a trefoil vert, both ensigned with the imperial crown. 53°30′N 7°50′W / 53.500°N 7.833°W / 53.500; -7.833 Altamont, New York Altamont
472-578: Is a village located in the town of Guilderland in Albany County, New York , United States. The village is in the western part of the town. The population was 1,675 at the 2020 census. The name means "high mountain." In colonial times, this area was part of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck, granted by the Dutch West India Company to Killian Van Rensselaer in 1630. The area was known as Hellerburgh in
531-493: Is a hiking trail named after the family connecting communities in southwest County Laois and north County Kilkenny, as part of the Slieve Bloom Way . Kingdom of Ireland The Kingdom of Ireland ( Early Modern Irish : Ríoghacht Éireann ; Modern Irish : Ríocht na hÉireann , pronounced [ənˠ ˌɾˠiːxt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ) was a dependent territory of England and then of Great Britain from 1542 to
590-628: Is found in the Book of Leinster . The white saltire on a black field is widely recognized as a standard feature in all Fitzpatrick arms, along with the lion and dragon crest. Different chiefs in the arms generally follow either three or black torteaux on a white chief, or the "French augmentation" of three fleur-de-lis or, on a chief azure - a gift from Henri II upon the 2nd Baron Upper Ossory while he served as ambassador for Edward VI . The Fitzpatrick (Mac Giolla Phádraig) Latin motto – Fortis sub Forte Fatiscet – can be interpreted as "The strong will yield to
649-538: Is preserved in the Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B 502 , tracing the medieval Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty back to Óengus Osrithe , who supposedly flourished in the first or second century. The genealogy goes on further, tracing the pedigree back to Noah (and thus presumably to Adam ), but scholars regard this as an attachment of the accounts in Genesis on the back of native tradition. Another early Ossorian genealogy
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#1733086144497708-743: The Acts of Union 1800 . This created, on 1 January 1801, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The papal bull Laudabiliter of Pope Adrian IV was issued in 1155. It authorized the Angevin King Henry II of England to invade Ireland , to bring the country into the European sphere. In return, Henry was required to remit a penny per hearth of
767-638: The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Passenger Station , Fine Arts and Flower Building Altamont Fairground , Hayes House , and Lainhart Farm Complex and Dutch Barn . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km ), all land. However, there are two major streams that run through the town center, the Joriohenen and the Ostenraakie. [1] As of
826-653: The Papacy , the bishops had no reason to step down, and in the 1530s nobody knew how long the reformation would last. Unlike Henry VIII, this hierarchy was not excommunicated by the Papacy. They retained control of what became the State Church of the new Kingdom in 1542. As the established church , it retained possession of most Church property (including a great repository of religious architecture and other items, though some were later destroyed). In 1553, Irish Catholics were heartened by
885-519: The Tudor conquest . This sparked the Desmond Rebellions and the Nine Years' War . The conquest of the island was completed early in the 17th century. It involved the confiscation of land from the native Irish Catholics and its colonisation by Protestant settlers from Britain. Catholic countries at the time did not recognise Protestant monarchs as kings of Ireland. For most of the kingdom's history,
944-610: The Williamite War (1689–91). The Williamite victory strengthened the Protestant Ascendancy , and the kingdom had only Protestant monarchs thereafter. In the 1780s, the parliament gained some independence , and some anti-Catholic laws were lifted . This sparked sectarian conflict in County Armagh . Following the failed republican Irish Rebellion of 1798 , the parliament of Ireland and parliament of Great Britain passed
1003-498: The census of 2000, there were 1,737 people, 646 households, and 474 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,451.5 inhabitants per square mile (560.4/km ). There were 674 housing units at an average density of 563.2 per square mile (217.5/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 97.64% White , 1.09% African American , 0.12% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.17% from other races , and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of
1062-622: The British Union. By the Acts of Union 1800 , voted for by both Irish and British Parliaments, the Kingdom of Ireland merged on 1 January 1801 with the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The Irish Parliament ceased to exist, though the executive, presided over by the Lord Lieutenant, remained in place until 1922. The Kingdom of Ireland was governed by
1121-612: The English Pope Adrian IV , after the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland . By the 16th century, the Pale , the area of effective English rule, had shrunk greatly; most of Ireland was held by Gaelic nobles as principalities and chiefdoms . By the terms of the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 , Henry VIII of England became "King of Ireland". There followed an expansion of English control during
1180-547: The Fitzpatrick Clan Society . In April 2004, a geophysical survey using ground-penetrating radar discovered what were likely the original foundations of the twelfth century cathedral of the diocese of Ossory and another very large structure which was possibly a royal Mac Giolla Phádraig palace; noting that the site bears a strong resemblance to contemporaneous structures at the Rock of Cashel . The Mac Giolla Phádraig Way
1239-614: The Holy See and declared himself the head of the Church in England . He had petitioned Rome to procure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon . Clement VII refused Henry's request and Henry subsequently refused to recognise the Roman Catholic Church 's vestigial sovereignty over Ireland, and was excommunicated again in late 1538 by Pope Paul III . The Treason Act (Ireland) 1537
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#17330861444971298-770: The Irish Catholic majority suffered official discrimination: under the penal laws , Catholicism was suppressed and Catholics were barred from government, parliament, the military, and most public offices. This was one of the main drivers behind the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–53), during which the Irish Catholic Confederates controlled most of Ireland. After the Cromwellian conquest , Ireland suffered harsh conditions under The Protectorate (1653–59). The brief reign of Catholic king James II (1685–89) led to
1357-629: The Kingdom of Ireland was ruled by the reigning monarch of England . This placed the new Kingdom of Ireland in personal union with the Kingdom of England . In line with its expanded role and self-image, the administration established the King's Inns for barristers in 1541, and the Ulster King of Arms to regulate heraldry in 1552. Proposals to establish a university in Dublin were delayed until 1592. In 1593 war broke out, as Hugh O'Neill , Earl of Tyrone, led
1416-633: The Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union . James established the Plantation of Ulster in 1606, the largest of all English and Scottish plantations in Ireland. It had a lasting legacy; into the 20th century, most of Ulster had a Protestant and Pro-Union majority in its population. The political order of the kingdom was interrupted by the Wars of the Three Kingdoms starting in 1639. During
1475-655: The Lordship of Ireland, which was held by the English monarchs prior to the establishment of the kingdom. The new kingdom was not recognised by the Catholic monarchies in Europe. After the death of Edward VI , Henry's son, the papal bull of 1555 recognised the Roman Catholic Mary I as Queen of Ireland. The link of "personal union" of the Crown of Ireland to the Crown of England became enshrined in Catholic canon law . In this fashion,
1534-519: The Parliament of Ireland through the Crown of Ireland Act. This act declared King Henry VIII of England as the King of Ireland, thus creating a separate political entity known as the Kingdom of Ireland. The act marked a significant shift in Ireland's political landscape, as it sought to consolidate English control over the island and bring it under closer royal governance. The Kingdom of Ireland existed alongside
1593-612: The United States for participants to present their research and visit historical sites of interest to the clan. International Clan Gatherings have been held in Portlaoise and Kilkenny city in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2018, and regional gatherings have been held in Altamont, New York , Savannah, Georgia , and Albany, New York in 2018 and 2019. Also prominent is The Fitzpatrick Clan Society , which since 2019 has facilitated
1652-605: The annals at the end of the tenth century in connection with the Christianized Uí Ímair dynasty of Waterford , and is later found elsewhere. Likely as a consequence of the intermarriage, this surname came to be borne by the leading medieval branch of the Dál Birn lineage, the illustrious ruling dynasty of the neighbouring Osraige . This surname was adopted by the descendants of king Gilla Patráic mac Donnchada who reigned as king of Osraige from 976 to 996. Some scholars speculate
1711-399: The average family size was 3.14. In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in
1770-518: The control of the executive of the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1788–1789 a Regency crisis arose when King George III became ill. Grattan wanted to appoint the Prince of Wales, later George IV , as Regent of Ireland. The king recovered before this could be enacted. The Irish Rebellion of 1798 , and the rebels' alliance with Great Britain's longtime enemy the French, led to a push to bring Ireland formally into
1829-498: The coronation of Queen Mary I . In 1555, she persuaded the Pope to recognise the Kingdom in the papal bull "Ilius". In 1558, a Protestant – Elizabeth I – ascended the throne. With the exception of James II of England , all the following monarchs adhered to Anglicanism . Contrary to the official plan, the substantial majority of the population remained strongly Roman Catholic, despite the political and economic advantages of membership of
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1888-666: The country following ending up on the losing side in conflicts (i.e. the Flight of the Earls and the Flight of the Wild Geese ) or in the case of the Cromwellian regime were forced into indentured servitude (although the same happened to English persons involved in the Cromwellian regime) in the Caribbean , following mass land confiscation for the benefit of New English settlers. On the other hand,
1947-411: The device of Ireland, but quartered the harp in this royal achievement for the arms of that kingdom, in the third quarter of the royal achievement upon his Great Seal, as it has continued ever since. The blazon was azure, a harp or string argent, as appears by the great embroidered banner, and at the funeral of Queen Anne, King James' queen, AD 1618, and likewise by the great banner and banner of Ireland at
2006-533: The early 18th century. In the early 19th century Knowersville, was established in the rural part of Albany County, just below the Helderberg Mountains. This settlement eventually became known as Altamont. Altamont was a summer vacation spot that was reached by train. The train station which once served this formerly busy whistle stop is now the location of the Altamont Free Library. The old hotel in
2065-560: The end of 1800. It was ruled by the monarchs of England and then of Great Britain , and was administered from Dublin Castle by a viceroy appointed by the English king: the Lord Deputy of Ireland . Aside from brief periods, the state was dominated by the Protestant English (or Anglo-Irish ) minority. The Protestant Church of Ireland was the state church . The Parliament of Ireland
2124-429: The fact that the kingdom had been a unitary state gave Irish nationalists in 1912–22 a reason to expect that in the process of increasing self-government the island of Ireland would be treated as a single political unit. The arms of the Kingdom of Ireland were blazoned : Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent . These earliest arms of Ireland are described in an entry that reads: Le Roi d'Irlande, D'azur à la harpe d'or , in
2183-449: The feudal sovereignty of the pope, whose vassal the king of England was, as lord of Ireland. However, in a manuscript in the Heralds' College of the time of Henry VII, the arms of Ireland are blazoned azure, a harp or, stringed argent ; and when they were for the first time placed on the royal shield on the accession of James I. they were thus delineated: the crest is on a wreath or and azure,
2242-403: The funeral of King James. The difference between the arms and device of Ireland appears to be on the crown only, which is added to the harp when used as a device. At the funeral of King James was likewise carried the standard of the crest of Ireland, a buck proper (argent in the draught) issuing from a tower triple towered or, which is the only instance of this crest that I have met, and therefore
2301-619: The government at times engaged in and advanced a genocidal policy against the Irish Gaels , while during the Plantations of Ireland (particularly successful in Ulster) the local population were displaced in a project of ethnic cleansing where regions of Ireland became de-Gaelicised. This in turn led to bloody retaliations, which drag on to modern times. Some of the native inhabitants, including their leadership, were permitted to flee into exile from
2360-544: The historic Osraige and Upper Ossory regions and elsewhere have strong associations with the activity of Clann Giolla Phádraig. These include Jerpoint Abbey in Thomastown, Co. Kilkenny; Aghamacart, Aghaboe Abbey , the vicinity of St Canice's Cathedral , Gowran , Grangefertagh near Johnstown, County Kilkenny , Ballagharahin, Co. Laois, Ballaghmore Castle , Cullahill Castle , amongst other places. An important Ossorian genealogy for Domnall mac Donnchada mac Gilla Patric
2419-628: The kingdom. As in Great Britain and the rest of Europe , voting and membership of parliament was restricted to property owners. In the 1720s, the parliament was housed in a new building at College Green, Dublin . When Henry VIII was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1538, all but two of the bishops in the island of Ireland followed the doctrine of the Church of England , although almost no clergy or laity did so. Having paid their Annates to
Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty - Misplaced Pages Continue
2478-435: The native majority and its clergy – the Catholic Church – was actively persecuted by the state. A set of Penal Laws favoured those who adhered to the established church – the Church of Ireland . They oppressed those native Irish who refused to abjure their religion. A similar experience happened to English, Scottish and Welsh Catholics during the same period. There is some perception that during Tudor times, elements within
2537-468: The new Anglo-Irish settlers across the island. Their background espoused English culture (law, language, dress, religion, economic relations and definitions of land ownership) in Ireland as it later did across much of what was to become the British Empire. However Gaelic culture and Irish language , was maintained to a significant extent by the majority of the original native population. Sometimes this
2596-408: The population. There were 646 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and
2655-571: The registration of five Fitzpatrick clans with Clans of Ireland : the Fitzpatrick / Mac Gilpatrick of Ulster – Mac Giolla Phádraig Ulaidh; the Fitzpatrick / O'Mulpatrick of Breifne – Ó Maol Phádraig Breifne; the Fitzpatrick / Mac Gilpatrick of the tribe of Cas – Mac Giolla Phádraig Dál gCais; the Fitzpatrick / Mac Gilpatrick of Leinster – Mac Giolla Phádraig Laighean; and, the Fitzpatrick of Upper Ossory. The Society publishes its research in The Journal of
2714-424: The state church. Despite its numerical minority, however, the Church of Ireland remained the official state church until it was disestablished on 1 January 1871 by the Liberal government under William Ewart Gladstone . The legacy of the Kingdom of Ireland remains a bone of contention in Irish-British relations to this day because of the constant ethnic conflict between the native Irish inhabitants and primarily
2773-477: The strong." A second motto in Irish, " Ceart Láidir Abú " translates loosely to "Right and Mighty Forever", or more narrowly as "Correct, Strong, to Victory!" Since 2000, the Fitzpatrick-Mac Giolla Phádraig Clan Society, not registered with the Clans of Ireland, has been researching and promoting the history of the name. Members from across the world have shared information and history, and international and regional clan gatherings have been held in Ireland and
2832-412: The subsequent interregnum period, England, Scotland and Ireland were ruled as a republic until 1660. This period saw the rise of the loyalist Irish Catholic Confederation within the kingdom and, from 1653, the creation of the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland . The kingdom's order was restored 1660 with the restoration of Charles II . Without any public dissent, Charles's reign
2891-415: The tax roll to the Pope. This was reconfirmed by Adrian's successor Pope Alexander III in 1172. Henry then made his son John Dominus Hibernae (Latin for "Lord of Ireland") with the intent on later making John King of Ireland. When Pope Clement VII excommunicated the king of England, Henry VIII , in 1533, the constitutional position of the lordship in Ireland became uncertain. Henry had broken away from
2950-400: The title "King of Ireland" later in the reign of Henry VIII A crown was not part of the arms but use of a crowned harp was apparently common as a badge or as a device. A crowned harp also appeared as a crest although the delineated crest was: a wreath Or and Azure, a tower (sometime triple-towered) Or, from the port, a hart springing Argent . King James not only used the harp crowned as
3009-432: The town center burned down nearly a century ago . A village fair has been held annually in the local fairgrounds since 1893. The fairground is also the site of other festivals. The village incorporated in 1890. Hiram Griggs (1836–1909) was the first mayor of the village of Altamont and his house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are
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#17330861444973068-408: The village was $ 52,500, and the median income for a family was $ 61,750. Males had a median income of $ 45,865 versus $ 32,721 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 23,232. About 2.7% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over. Lee Wallard (1910-1963), American race car driver, winner of
3127-451: The whole island was brought under the centralised control of an Anglo-centric system based in Dublin . This phase of Irish history marked the beginning of an officially organised policy of settler colonialism , orchestrated from London and the incorporation of Ireland into the British Empire (indeed Ireland is sometimes called "England's first colony"). The theme is prominently addressed in Irish postcolonial literature. The religion of
3186-463: Was bicameral with a House of Lords and a House of Commons . By the terms of Poynings' Law (1494) and other acts, the parliament's powers were greatly circumscribed. The legislature was content to "rubber stamp" acts or "suggestions" from the English parliament. Roman Catholics and dissenters, mostly Presbyterians , Baptists, and Methodists, were excluded from membership of the Irish parliament from 1693. Furthermore, their rights were restricted by
3245-406: Was backdated to his father's execution in 1649. Poynings' Law was repealed in 1782 in what came to be known as the Constitution of 1782 , granting Ireland legislative independence. Parliament in this period came to be known as Grattan's Parliament , after the principal Irish leader of the period, Henry Grattan . Although Ireland had legislative independence, executive administration remained under
3304-407: Was composed of Anglo-Irish nobles. From 1661, the administration controlled an Irish army . Although styled a kingdom, for most of its history it was, de facto , an English dependency . This status was enshrined in Poynings' Law and in the Declaratory Act of 1719 . The territory of the kingdom comprised that of the former Lordship of Ireland , founded in 1177 by King Henry II of England and
3363-411: Was passed to counteract this. Following the failed revolt of Silken Thomas in 1534–35, Grey , the lord deputy, had some military successes against several clans in the late 1530s, and took their submissions . By 1540 most of Ireland seemed at peace and under the control of the king's Dublin administration; a situation that was not to last for long. In 1542, the Kingdom of Ireland was established by
3422-400: Was presented as "barbaric", "savage" which later was perceived by the native population as a mark of undesirability in respect of maintaining and learning the language. While the Lordship of Ireland had existed since the 12th century and nominally owed allegiance to the English monarchy, many kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland continued to exist; this came to an end with the Kingdom of Ireland, where
3481-443: Was probably devised and assigned for the crest of Ireland upon occasion of this funeral, but with what propriety I do not understand. The insignia of Ireland have variously been given by early writers. In the reign of Edward IV, a commission appointed to enquire what were the arms of Ireland found them to be three crowns in pale. It has been supposed that these crowns were abandoned at the Reformation, from an idea that they might denote
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