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53-432: The MacArthur Landing site sits on a 6.78-hectare (16.8-acre) coastal plain in the barangay of Candahug, some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Leyte's provincial capital Tacloban . It was formerly named Imelda Park after former First Lady Imelda Marcos who hails from Leyte Province . The park's focal point are the seven double-life-sized bronze statues on a shallow manmade pool depicting MacArthur and his entourage during

106-698: A Turkish Islamic religious authority in Tacloban at 2017 which teaches the scriptures and offers Friday sermons in both Waray and Cebuano in general. Most Waray dialects have three vowel phonemes: /a/ [a] , /i/ [ɛ~i] and /u/ [ɔ~u] . Some dialects have an additional vowel /ə/ [ə] ; words with /ə/ in these dialects have /u/ in the majority dialects. Waray has a total of 16 consonant phonemes: /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ, m, n, ŋ, s, h, l, ɾ~r, w, j, ʔ/ . Two extra postalveolar sounds [tʃ, dʒ] are heard when /i/ occurs after /t, d/ , further proceeding another vowel sound. Waray, like all Philippine languages today,

159-403: A tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af) but due to the numerous cyclones present in the area, the climate is not equatorial. Tropical rainforest climates are tropical climates in which there is no dry season – all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60 millimetres (2.4 in). Tropical rainforest climates have no pronounced summer or winter; it is typically wet throughout

212-455: A typhoon swept through the central Philippines and "practically destroyed" Tacloban. In Tacloban and Capiz on the island of Panay , the death toll was 15,000, half the population of those cities at the time. On May 25, 1942, Japanese forces landed in Tacloban, signalling the beginning of their two-year occupation of Leyte. They fortified the city and improved its airfield. Since San Pedro Bay

265-405: A "comfort station" in the city, where they kidnapped local girls, teenagers and young adults who they then forced into becoming sex slaves under the gruesome " comfort women " system. Leyte was the first to be liberated by the combined Filipino and American troops. General Douglas MacArthur 's assault troops landed in the Tacloban and Palo beaches (White Beach and Red Beach, respectively) and in

318-440: A 13 ft (4 m) storm surge largely destroyed the airport , though it functioned soon after as a makeshift command and evacuation center. After taking a helicopter flight over the city, US Marine Brigadier General Paul Kennedy was quoted as saying, "I don't believe there is a single structure that is not destroyed or severely damaged in some way – every single building, every single house." Widespread looting and violence

371-506: A flight operated by Philippine Airlines. Tacloban is located on the northeastern tip of Leyte island , with its easternmost part facing Cancabato Bay. The bay is at the east mouth of San Juanico Strait . The Tacloban territory follows the length of the strait, along with Babatngon municipality north of the city. The strait divides the islands of Leyte and Samar . Tacloban is politically subdivided into 138 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Tacloban has

424-420: A politico-military province. Due to its strategic location, Tacloban became a vital trading point between the two provinces. The capital of Leyte was transferred from one town to another with Tacloban as the last on February 26, 1830. The decision to make Tacloban the capital was based on the following reasons: 1) ideal location of the port and 2) well-sheltered and adequate facilities. On June 20, 1952, Tacloban

477-581: Is January and February, with an average (nighttime) temperature of 23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The highest recorded temperature was 38.0 °C (100.4 °F), recorded on April 6, 1924, and in August. The lowest recorded temperature in Tacloban is 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) which was recorded in December. The average rainfall for the year is 2,659.3 millimetres (104.7 in), with the most rainfall on average in December with 386.0 millimetres (15.2 in) and

530-643: Is accompanied by the ritual of giving the medallion containing the names of all Hermanos Pasados and the Standartes. Fireworks and grand parades mark the occasion. Every house in the city prepares a feast and opens its doors to guests and well wishers. Tacloban is served by air, multicabs, taxis, jeepneys, buses, tricycles and pedicabs. The city host the Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport . The New Transport Terminal of Tacloban City or New Bus Terminal located in Abucay district serves as

583-495: Is also the lingua franca used in the city among Filipinos of various ethnic groups. Tacloban is culturally and linguistically diverse. A decade before the end of Spanish sovereignty, it was largely a typical colonial community: most of its residents were either pure Iberian families or the new generations of Spanish-Filipino blood. Today's population consists of a mix of Spanish and Chinese mestizos, foreign expatriates and native Leyteños. Other Filipino ethnic groups who migrated to

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636-737: Is also used in the Mass in the Roman Catholic Church and in the worship services of different Christian sects in the region. Bibles in Waray are also available. In 2019, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures was released in Waray-Waray. However, there is a growing population of Muslims in the region with the first mosque, Tacloban Mosque and Islamic Center, through a charity built by

689-667: Is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines , native to Eastern Visayas . It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages , only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon . The term Waray comes from

742-658: Is one of the many regional languages found in the Philippines and used in local government. It is widely used in media particularly in television and radio broadcasts, however, not in print media because most regional newspapers are published in English. The language is used in education from kindergarten to primary level as part of the Philippine government's K–12 program since 2012 in which pupils from kindergarten to third grade are taught in their respective indigenous languages. Waray

795-437: Is reported to have taken place and local government virtually collapsed, as many city officials were victims. President Aquino declared a state of emergency in Tacloban. The official final death toll stood at 6,201. On January 17, 2015, Pope Francis , the leader of the Roman Catholic Church , arrived in Tacloban to celebrate Mass with the survivors of Haiyan (Yolanda) . The pope arrived at Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport on

848-492: Is the economic center of the entire Eastern Visayas , with an economy largely focused on agriculture, commerce, and tourism. Proximal to the city proper is the 237-hectare Eastern Visayas Agri-Industrial Growth Center (EVRGC), which was approved and accredited by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1210 on April 23, 1998. EVRGC serves as an eco-industrial hub with

901-457: Is the symbol of the city's identity when it became a city under Republic Act No. 760 on June 20, 1952. The city's emblem stands for the following physical attributes and character: The week-long celebrations peaks on June 30, the Grand fiesta of Tacloban celebrated with the traditional turn-over ceremonies of the "Teniente" made by the immediate past Hermano Mayor to the incoming Hermano Mayor. This

954-465: Is written using the Latin script. There is no officially-approved orthography for the language and different writers may use differing orthographic styles. In general, it has become common to write the language following the current orthographic conventions of Filipino. Waray uses many different words to specify a particular thing. These words might not be the same in spelling and in construction but they share

1007-599: The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . Tacloban Tacloban ( / t æ k ˈ l oʊ b ə n / tak- LOH -ban ; Tagalog pronunciation: [tɐkˈloban] ), officially the City of Tacloban ( Waray : Syudad han Tacloban ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Tacloban ), is a highly urbanized city on Leyte island in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. According to

1060-559: The 2020 census, Tacloban has a population of 251,881, making it the most populous city in the Eastern Visayas . The city is located 360 miles (580 km) southeast from Manila . Tacloban is the regional center of the Eastern Visayas region and also the largest city and capital of the province of Leyte wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority , but

1113-519: The 37th anniversary of A-Day in 1981, the statues mark the spot where MacArthur fulfilled his promise of " I shall return " at Red Beach, so-called for the codename assigned by the US Sixth Army to the stretch of beach from Marasbaras to Palo that was designated as one of the landing areas. In front of the statues, two historical markers in English and Filipino can be found explaining the significance of

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1166-745: The Augustinians took over, and in 1770 they established the barrio with a chapel (visita) of Tacloban under the jurisdiction of Palo. The Augustinians who came from the Province of the Holy Name of Jesus based in Cebu were also responsible in introducing the devotion to the Santo Niño becoming therefore the heavenly patron of the settlement. With the Moro raids in check, the place became a hub for commercial activity and soon after

1219-459: The Filipino government and firmly established headquarters on Filipino territory on October 23. The Leyte beach landing area was not safe at all due to Japanese mortars and machine guns for MacArthur to stay permanently until the fourth day. There were so many photos taken on those four days that confusion persists to the present day. The park is the site of the annual memorial rites and reenactment of

1272-574: The Philippines until the complete liberation of the country. The provincial government of Leyte and the municipal government of Tacloban were re-established. Paulo Jaro was the Liberation mayor of Tacloban. The first mayor of this capital upon inauguration of the Philippine Republic was Epifanio Aguirre. On January 8, 1960, MacArthur made his "sentimental" journey to Leyte. He was greeted with cheers by locals when he visited Tacloban. The city

1325-402: The Tacloban city government as its developer and operator. Several regional broadcasters are also based in the city including ABS-CBN TV-2 Tacloban, GMA TV-10 Tacloban and PRTV-12 Tacloban. The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport also makes the city a key regional transportation hub. Tacloban is one of the fastest-growing cities in the Philippines, and has one of the lowest poverty incidence rates in

1378-790: The city are the Cebuano/Kana/Visayan speaking populace accounts for 6.08% of the total population, 0.80% are Tagalog, 0.10% are Ilocano, 0.07% are Kapampangan, and 2.95% come from other ethnic origins, including Hiligaynon, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug. 88.52% of the residents of Tacloban City are Roman Catholic; 6.12% are Muslims (most are Maranao migrants from Mindanao); 0.83% are of the indigenous Christian denomination, Iglesia ni Cristo; 0.94% are Evangelicals (born-again Christians); Baptists 0.80%; 0.49% Seventh-Day Adventists. Others comprise 3.10%. Poverty incidence of Tacloban Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Tacloban

1431-399: The city council has the legislative power to create city ordinances. It is a unicameral body composed of ten elected councilors and certain numbers of ex officio and sectoral representatives. It is presided by the vice mayor, the mayor and the elected city councilors who are elected-at-large every three years. The current city mayor is Alfred Romualdez. The city government ceased to be under

1484-509: The city hall now sits. The combined settlements acquired the name Kankabatok , meaning "property of Kabatok ' s ". The constant threat of pirates due to its lack of a natural barrier hindered the development and progress of the settlement. And so the place never figured out the early centuries of the Spanish colonization of Leyte. When the Jesuits (the first evangelizers of Leyte) left in 1768,

1537-571: The city is governed and administered independently from it. Tacloban City was briefly the capital of the Philippines under the Commonwealth Government, from October 20, 1944, to February 27, 1945. In an extensive survey conducted by the Asian Institute of Management Policy Center and released in July 2010, Tacloban City ranks as the fifth most competitive city in the Philippines, and second in

1590-478: The country (at roughly 9%, while the national poverty incidence stands at 30%). After its massive devastation on November 8, 2013, Tacloban was declared by its local government as a start-up city , which means everything had to start back from scratch. Currently the city is experiencing a rapid economic recovery. The executive power of the City Government is vested in the mayor. The Sangguniang Panlungsod or

1643-416: The emerging cities category. On November 8, 2013, the city was largely destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan , having previously suffered similar destruction and loss of life in 1897 and 1912. On January 17, 2015, Pope Francis visited Tacloban during his Papal Visit to the Philippines and held a mass at Barangay San Jose, and later he led mass of 30,000 people in front of the airport . The area got its name from

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1696-485: The fishermen would answer, "(to) tarakluban" , which meant the place where they used the device to catch these marine resources. Eventually, the name Tarakluban or Tacloban took prominence. It is not known when Tacloban became a municipality because records supporting this fact were destroyed during a typhoon. It is commonly believed that Tacloban was officially proclaimed a municipality in 1770s. In 1768, Leyte and Samar were separated into two provinces, each constituting

1749-416: The historic A-Day Landing as captured in the iconic photo by Gaetano Faillace . They were President-in-exile Sergio Osmeña , Lieutenant General Richard Sutherland , Brigadier General Carlos P. Romulo , Major General Courtney Whitney , Sergeant Francisco Salveron, aide and orderly to Gen. MacArthur, and CBS Radio correspondent William J. Dunn. Designed by sculptor Anastacio Caedo and inaugurated during

1802-507: The historic Leyte landing attended by local and foreign dignitaries together with war veterans and their families. On November 8, 2013, the memorial was damaged by Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) (The world's strongest recorded Supertyphoon) with one of its seven statues, the Carlos Romulo statue, knocked from its base. It was immediately repaired by the government and the statue of Carlos P. Romulo was restored within twenty days with assistance from

1855-656: The land transportation hub to and from various points in the region. The San Juanico Bridge connects the city to the town of Santa Rita in Samar . As the regional center of Eastern Visayas, Tacloban offers a range of healthcare services. There are a number of hospitals and other medical institutions serving the city's population. Tacloban has a variety of educational institutions both public and private. Notable institutions include: Waray language Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ nga Winaray/Waray , Spanish : idioma samareño meaning Samar language)

1908-454: The least on average in April with 115.2 millimetres (4.5 in). According to the 2020 census, Tacloban has a population of 251,881 inhabitants. Tacloban is predominantly a Waray-speaking city. The language is also officially called Lineyte-Samarnon ("Leyte-Samarnon") and is spoken by more than 90% of the total city population. Waray-Waray , aside from being the native language of the city,

1961-620: The memorial was also declared a national historic landmark by the National Historical Commission ; and The Oriental Leyte . Another hotel, the MacArthur Park Beach Resort built by Imelda Marcos in 1983 used to be on the site of The Oriental Leyte hotel. The park is accessible via the Pan-Philippine Highway (AH26) from Tacloban and the Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport . The official story of October 20, 1944

2014-502: The neighboring town of Dulag (Blue Beach) on October 20, 1944. These landings signaled the eventual victory of the Filipino and American forces and the fulfillment of MacArthur's famous promise: "I Shall Return." Three days later, on October 23, at a ceremony at the Capitol Building in Tacloban, MacArthur, accompanied by President Sergio Osmeña , made Tacloban the temporary seat of the Commonwealth Government and temporary capital of

2067-476: The place was renamed Tacloban becoming an independent municipality and then capital of the province of Leyte. In 1843, the Augustinians ceded the administration of the parish to the Franciscans. The change of the name came about in this manner: Kankabatok was a favorite haunt of fishermen. They would use a bamboo contraption called a "taklub" to catch crabs, shrimps or fish. When asked where they were going,

2120-481: The provinces of Samar and Eastern Samar , but not Northern Samar ), as well as in all of the Waray-speaking areas of Leyte , except the towns of Javier and Abuyog . However, this sound change is an areal feature rather than a strictly genetic one (Lobel 2009). Most Waray dialects in northeastern and Eastern Samar have the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *e. Waray

2173-528: The same meaning, making it a very diverse language. Here are some examples of demonstratives and adverbs together with their equivalent definition in Waray-Waray: Native numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers (except for gatos for hundred and yukot for thousand ). Some, especially

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2226-473: The scene being depicted. A museum stands adjacent to the site which contains historic photographs and other memorabilia of General MacArthur including a copy of his speech upon landing and a bronze cast of his footprints. Palo's regional government center is located right across from the memorial. Other notable structures nearby include the Rock Garden of Peace inaugurated during its 50th anniversary in 1994 when

2279-430: The speech of "Sámar and Leyte". Linguist Jason Lobel (2009) considers there are 25 dialects and subdialects of Waray-Waray. Many Waray dialects feature a sound change in which Proto-Bisayan *s becomes /h/ in a small number of common grammatical morphemes. This sound change occurs in all areas of Samar south of the municipalities of Santa Margarita , Matuginao , Las Navas , and Gamay (roughly corresponding to

2332-504: The supervision of the provincial government after it became a highly urbanized city in 2008. The city is now under the direct supervision of the national government. Tacloban City is part of the 1st District of Leyte , alongside seven other municipalities: Alangalang , Babatngon , Palo , San Miguel , Santa Fe , Tanauan , and Tolosa . The district is currently represented by Congressman Martin Romualdez . The official Seal of Tacloban

2385-462: The term Visayan is usually taken to refer to what is called Cebuano in contemporary linguistic literature. Domingo Ezguerra's 1663 (reprinted 1747) Arte de la lengua bisaya de la provincia de Leyte refers to the "Visayan tongue of the province of Leyte", Figueroa's Arte del idioma Visaya de Samar y Leyte refers to the "Visaya language of Samar and Leyte". Antonio Sanchez's 1914 Diccionario español-bisaya (Spanish-Visayan Dictionary) refers to

2438-492: The three photographs taken at varying angles of their landing, furthering the impression that everything had been rehearsed. In fact, there was no "staged photo op" at Leyte in October 1944 that resulted in the most famous photograph. The confusion was the result of MacArthur landing on three completely different beaches for four days in a row, where he talked to all the different frontline commanders at each beach, until he re-installed

2491-399: The word taklub , a bamboo tray used to catch crabs or shrimp. Tacloban was first known as Kankabatok , an allusion to the first inhabitants – Kabatok . They established their dwellings in the vicinity of the present day Santo Niño Church . Others who came later were Gumoda , Haraging and Huraw who erected their own settlements in nearby sites. Huraw 's domain is the hill where

2544-671: The word often heard by non-speakers meaning 'none' or 'nothing' in the language; similarly, Cebuanos are known in Leyte as mga Kana and their language as Kana (after the oft-heard word kana , meaning 'that' in the Cebuano language ). The Cebuano pronunciation of Waray is walay with the same meaning. During the Spanish period, texts refer to the language as simply being a dialect of "Visayan". In contrast, most contemporary linguists consider many of these "Visayan dialects" (e.g., Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, etc.) to be distinct languages, and

2597-485: The year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent. One day in an equatorial climate can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature between "summer" and "winter". The average high (daytime) temperature for the year in Tacloban is 31.1 °C (88.0 °F). The warmest month on average is May with an average daytime temperature of 32.3 °C (90.1 °F). The coolest month on average

2650-478: Was ideal for larger vessels, the Japanese Imperial Naval Forces made Tacloban a port of call and entry. This time was considered the darkest in the history of Tacloban and the country due to the incidences of torture among civilians, including the elderly. In response, guerrilla groups operated in Leyte – the most notable of which was the group of Nieves Fernandez . The Japanese established

2703-553: Was of MacArthur waiting and watching aboard the USS Nashville . The general was said to have waded in knee-deep waters as his craft grounded to a halt due to the shallow sea, sporadic fire from the enemy notwithstanding. There had been rumors that the landing photo had been staged as it was reported by the New York Times that Osmeña had landed on Leyte on October 21, one day after the reported MacArthur landing date. There were also

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2756-572: Was proclaimed a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 760. The arrival of Colonel Arthur Murray in 1901 made him the first military governor of Leyte. His first official act was the opening of Tacloban port to world commerce. Before World War II , Tacloban was the commercial, education, social and cultural center of the Province of Leyte. Copra and abaca were exported in large quantities. The leading institutions were: Leyte Normal School, Leyte High School, Leyte Trade School, Holy Infant Academy and Tacloban Catholic Institute. In November 1912,

2809-415: Was proclaimed as a highly urbanized city by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on October 4, 2008 and ratified by the people on December 18, 2008. Tacloban was officially declared an HUC at 10:40PM of that day. On November 8, 2013 ( PST ), Tacloban was hit by the full force of Typhoon Haiyan , causing massive destruction across the city. Dead bodies were scattered on the streets, trees were uprooted, and

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