87-614: Maale can mean: Maale, Maldives , the capital of the Maldives the Male people , an ethnic group in Ethiopia , and the Male language , the language of the Male people Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Maale . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
174-530: A Dravidian substratum . There are also hundreds of Dravidian loanwords in Indo-Aryan languages, and vice versa. According to David McAlpin and his Elamo-Dravidian hypothesis , the Dravidian languages were brought to India by immigration into India from Elam (not to be confused with Eelam ), located in present-day southwestern Iran . In the 1990s, Renfrew and Cavalli-Sforza have also argued that Proto-Dravidian
261-420: A causeway since the development of Hulhumalé, allowing the airport to be accessed by road from the latter. As Malé, Hulhulé and Hulhumalé are now linked by roads, inter-island travel between the three islands can be done by road. For the other islands, inter-island transport is by ferry. Malé island has a port that allows cargo vessels to dock. Malé City Council is the local government body responsible for
348-509: A few traits of structural (either phonological or grammatical) borrowing from Indo-Aryan, whereas Indo-Aryan shows more structural than lexical borrowings from the Dravidian languages. Many of these features are already present in the oldest known Indo-Aryan language , the language of the Rigveda (c. 1500 BCE), which also includes over a dozen words borrowed from Dravidian. The linguistic evidence for Dravidian impact grows stronger as we move from
435-568: A good catch. Owing to the large amount of tuna fish offal and blood, the waters around that sandbank looked like a big pool of blood ("maa ley gandeh": "maa" from the Sanskrit मह "maha", meaning big , and "lē" blood ). Traditionally the first inhabitants of the Maldives, which include the Giravaru people, did not have kings. They lived in a simple society and were ruled by local headmen. However, one day,
522-510: A king was considered to be divine by nature and possessed religious significance. The king was 'the representative of God on earth' and lived in a "koyil", which means the "residence of a god". The Modern Tamil word for temple is koil ( Tamil : கோயில் ). Ritual worship was also given to kings. Modern words for god like "kō" ( Tamil : கோ "king"), "iṟai" ( இறை "emperor") and "āṇḍavar" ( ஆண்டவன் "conqueror") now primarily refer to gods. These elements were incorporated later into Hinduism like
609-421: A lungi as their article of clothing. The dhoti is generally white in colour, and occasionally has a border of red, green or gold. Dhotis are usually made out of cotton for more everyday use, but the more expensive silk dhotis are used for special functions like festivals and weddings. Traditional dress of Dravidian women is typical of most Indian women, that of the sari. This sari consists of a cloth wrapped around
696-569: A prince from the subcontinent called Koimala arrived in the Malé Atoll sailing from the North on a big ship. The people of Giraavaru spotted his vessel from afar and welcomed him. They allowed Prince Koimala to settle on that large sandbank in the midst of the waters tainted with fish blood. Trees were planted on the sandbank and it is said that the first tree that grew on it was the papaya tree. (However, this could refer to any tree that bears edible fruit as
783-459: A proto-Dravidian assumption, they proposed readings of many signs, some agreeing with the suggested readings of Heras and Knorozov (such as equating the "fish" sign with the Dravidian word for fish, "min") but disagreeing on several other readings. A comprehensive description of Parpola's work until 1994 is given in his book Deciphering the Indus Script . Paleoclimatologists believe the fall of
870-522: A proto-Dravidian origin of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation. The discovery in Tamil Nadu of a late Neolithic (early 2nd millennium BCE, i.e. post-dating Harappan decline) stone celt allegedly marked with Indus signs has been considered by some to be significant for the Dravidian identification. Yuri Knorozov surmised that the symbols represent a logosyllabic script and suggested, based on computer analysis, an agglutinative Dravidian language as
957-514: A similar genetic makeup, but also carry a small portion of Western Steppe Herder ancestry and may also have additional contributions from local hunter-gatherer groups. Although in modern times speakers of various Dravidian languages have mainly occupied the southern portion of India, Dravidian speakers must have been widespread throughout the Indian subcontinent before the Indo-Aryan migration into
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#17328630950721044-799: A small number of people in modern Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to Catholicism, most notably the Paravars. Ancient Dravidian religion constituted of an animistic and non- Vedic form of religion which may have influenced the Āgamas , Vedic and non- Vedic texts which post-date the Vedic texts. The Agamas are Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti , worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga. The worship of village deities , as well as sacred flora and fauna in Hinduism
1131-679: A total of 41 stops, of which R10 and R11 stop at 20 each, while R12 stops at 8. All 3 routes go through Majeedhee Magu , in the centre of the city. R11 to R9 are various routes connecting Malé to Hulhumalé and Velana International Airport . These busses are much larger, and in late 2020, began operating double-decker busses to Hulhumalé. The busses move between the islands using the Sinamalé Bridge . R13 Is an internal minibus route located internally within Villimalé , and goes through 13 stops. It uses much smaller electrical-powered busses along with
1218-495: Is Tamil . In Prakrit , words such as "Damela", "Dameda", "Dhamila" and "Damila", which later evolved from "Tamila", could have been used to denote an ethnic identity. In the Sanskrit tradition, the word drāviḍa was also used to denote the geographical region of South India. Epigraphic evidence of an ethnic group termed as such is found in ancient India and Sri Lanka where a number of inscriptions have come to light datable from
1305-457: Is being filled in. Many government buildings and agencies are located on the waterfront. Velana International Airport is on adjacent Hulhulé Island which includes a seaplane base for internal transportation. Several land reclamation projects have expanded the harbour. Tourism is the largest industry in the Maldives, accounting for 28% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. The GDP per capita expanded by 265% in
1392-441: Is constantly high year-round due in part to the Maldives having the lowest median elevation anywhere in the world. The city is divided into six divisions, four of which are on Malé Island: Henveiru, Galolhu, Maafannu and MacchanGoalhi. The nearby island of Villimalé , formerly a tourist resort and prior to that a prison, is the fifth division. The sixth division is Hulhumalé , an artificial island settled since 2004. In addition,
1479-734: Is formed in 1980 to contribute towards the development of infrastructure and transport service in the Maldives. The port is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region with its rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe . Each of the islands of Malé is served by a dense network of paved roads, which are named magu (road or street), hingun and goalhi (small road or alley). Road traffic
1566-559: Is heavy, especially on Malé Island. Malé and Hulhulé Island are linked by the Sinamalé Bridge , which was opened to traffic in October 2018, while Hulhulé and Hulhumalé are linked via a causeway, thus allowing the road networks of the three islands to be connected. Public transport in Malé primarily consists of 3 minibus lines that run through the city, and connecting the Greater Malé region to
1653-419: Is recognised as a survival of the pre-Vedic Dravidian religion. Hinduism can be regarded as a religious and cultural fusion or synthesis between ancient Dravidians and Indo-Aryans, and other local elements. Ancient Tamil grammatical works Tolkappiyam , the ten anthologies Pattuppāṭṭu , and the eight anthologies Eṭṭuttokai shed light on early ancient Dravidian religion. Murugan (also known as Seyyon)
1740-716: Is that the majority of early Old Indo-Aryan speakers had a Dravidian mother tongue which they gradually abandoned. Erdosy (1995 :18) Even though the innovative traits in Indic could be explained by multiple internal explanations, early Dravidian influence is the only explanation that can account for all of the innovations at once. Early Dravidian influence accounts for several of the innovative traits in Indic better than any internal explanation that has been proposed. According to Zvelebil, "several scholars have demonstrated that pre-Indo-Aryan and pre-Dravidian bilingualism in India provided conditions for
1827-577: Is the Medhu Ziyaaraiy , across the street from the Malé Friday Mosque : the tomb of Abu al-Barakat Yusuf al-Barbari, considered to have converted the Maldives to Islam in 1153. Malé has a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) under the Köppen climate classification . The city features a mix of both wet and dry seasons , with the wet season lasting from April through January and the drier season covering
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#17328630950721914-601: Is the lungi , or the more formal dhoti , called veshti in Tamil, panche in Kannada and Telugu, and mundu in Malayalam. The lungi consists of a colourful checked cotton cloth. Many times these lungis are tube-shaped and tied around the waist, and can be easily tied above the knees for more strenuous activities. The lungi is usually everyday dress, used for doing labour while dhoti is used for more formal occasions. Many villagers have only
2001-731: The Indian subcontinent , but may have deeper pre-Neolithic roots from Western Asia , specifically from the Iranian plateau . Their origins are often viewed as being connected with the Indus Valley civilisation , hence people and language spread east and southwards after the demise of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the early second millennium BCE, some propose not long before the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers, with whom they intensively interacted. Though some scholars have argued that
2088-573: The Kaliththokai . Dance forms such as Bharatanatyam are based on older temple dance forms known as Catir Kacceri , as practised by courtesans and a class of women known as Devadasis . Carnatic music originated in the Dravidian region. With the growing influence of Persian and Sufi music on Indian music, a clear distinction in style appeared from the 12th century onwards. Many literary works were composed in Carnatic style and it soon spread wide in
2175-587: The Madisar , specific to Tamil Brahmin Community, and the Mundum Neriyathum . In Mahabharata , Bhishma claimed that southerners are skilled with sword-fighting in general and Sahadeva was chosen for the conquest of the southern kingdoms due to his swordsmanship. In South India various types of martial arts are practised like Kalaripayattu and Silambam . In ancient times there were ankams , public duels to
2262-452: The Maldives . With a population of 211,908 in 2022 within its administrative area and coterminous geographical area of 8.30 square kilometres (3.20 sq mi), Malé is also one of the most densely populated cities in the world . The city is geographically located in the southern edge of North Malé Atoll ( Kaafu Atoll ). Administratively, the city consists of a central island, an airport island, and four other islands presided over by
2349-623: The Nayakas . Medieval Tamil guilds and trading organisations like the Ayyavole and Manigramam played an important role in the southeast Asia trade. Traders and religious leaders travelled to southeast Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Locally developed scripts such as Grantha and Pallava script induced the development of many native scripts such as Khmer , Javanese Kawi , Baybayin , and Thai . Around this time, Dravidians encountered Muslim traders, and
2436-475: The President of the Maldives he resigned. After Muizzu resigned the council ran a mayor election and Adam Azim was elected. Dravidian people The Dravidian peoples , Dravidian-speakers or Dravidians , are a collection of ethnolinguistic groups native to South Asia who speak Dravidian languages . There are around 250 million native speakers of Dravidian languages. Dravidian speakers form
2523-909: The Telugus from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , the Tamils from Tamil Nadu , Sri Lanka , Malaysia and Singapore , the Kannadigas from Karnataka , the Malayalis from Kerala , and the Tulu people from Karnataka. The Dravidian language family is one of the oldest in the world. Six languages are currently recognized by India as Classical languages and four of them are Dravidian languages Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. The most commonly spoken Dravidian languages are Telugu (తెలుగు), Tamil (தமிழ்), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Malayalam (മലയാളം), Brahui (براہوئی), Tulu (തുളു), Gondi and Coorg . There are three subgroups within
2610-476: The airport Island Hulhulé is part of the city. Plans have been made to develop the Gulhifalhu reef, implementation began in 2008. The island of Malé is the eighth most densely populated island in the world , and it is the 160th most populous island in the world. Since there is no surrounding countryside, all infrastructure has to be located in the city itself. Water is provided from desalinated ground water;
2697-466: The 1980s and a further 115% in the 1990s. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Malé, the capital, has many tourist attractions and nearby resorts. Maldivian , the airline of the Maldives, has its head office in Malé, as does the airline Villa Air . The central harbour and port of the Maldives is located in Malé, the centre for all commercial activities. The Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC)
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2784-487: The 2nd century BCE mentioning Damela or Dameda persons. The Hathigumpha inscription of the Kalinga ruler Kharavela refers to a T(ra)mira samghata (Confederacy of Tamil rulers) dated to 150 BCE. It also mentions that the league of Tamil kingdoms had been in existence for 113 years by that time. In Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh there is an inscription referring to a Dhamila-vaniya (Tamil trader) datable to
2871-468: The 3rd century BCE. Ancient literary works, such as the Cilappatikaram , describe a system of music . The theatrical culture flourished during the early Sangam age. Theatre-dance traditions have a long and varied history whose origins can be traced back almost two millennia to dance-theatre forms like Kotukotti , Kaapaalam and Pandarangam , which are mentioned in an ancient anthology of poems entitled
2958-665: The 3rd century CE. Another inscription of about the same time in Nagarjunakonda seems to refer to a Damila . A third inscription in Kanheri Caves refers to a Dhamila-gharini (Tamil house-holder). In the Buddhist Jataka story known as Akiti Jataka there is a mention to Damila-rattha (Tamil dynasty). While the English word Dravidian was first employed by Robert Caldwell in his book of comparative Dravidian grammar based on
3045-403: The 5th to 7th century AD, are guidebooks on the Dravidian style of Vastu Shastra design, construction, sculpture and joinery technique. Isanasivagurudeva paddhati is another text from the 9th century describing the art of building in India in south and central India. In north India, Brihat-samhita by Varāhamihira is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual from the 6th century describing
3132-433: The Dravidian language family: North Dravidian, Central Dravidian, and South Dravidian, matching for the most part the corresponding regions in the Indian subcontinent. Dravidian grammatical impact on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is considered far greater than the Indo-Aryan grammatical impact on Dravidian. Some linguists explain this anomaly by arguing that Middle Indo-Aryan and New Indo-Aryan were built on
3219-528: The Dravidian languages may have been brought to India by migrations from the Iranian plateau in the fourth or third millennium BCE or even earlier, reconstructed proto-Dravidian vocabulary suggests that the family is indigenous to India. Genetically, the ancient Indus Valley people were composed of a primarily Iranian hunter-gatherers (or farmers) ancestry, with varying degrees of ancestry from local hunter-gatherer groups. The modern-day Dravidian-speakers display
3306-900: The Dravidian regions. The most notable Carnatic musician is Purandara Dasa who lived in the court of Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara empire. He formulated the basic structure of Carnatic music and is regarded as the Pitamaha ( lit , "father" or the "grandfather") of Carnatic Music. Kanakadasa is another notable Carnatic musician who was Purandaradasa's contemporary. Each of the major Dravidian languages has its own film industry like Kollywood (Tamil), Tollywood (Telugu), Sandalwood (Kannada), Mollywood (Malayalam). Kollywood and Tollywood produce most films in India. Dravidian speakers in southern India wear varied traditional costumes depending on their region, largely influenced by local customs and traditions. The most traditional dress for Dravidian men
3393-559: The IVC-scripts. The Brahui population of Balochistan in Pakistan has been taken by some as the linguistic equivalent of a relict population, perhaps indicating that Dravidian languages were formerly much more widespread and were supplanted by the incoming Indo-Aryan languages. Asko Parpola, who regards the Harappans to have been Dravidian, notes that Mehrgarh (7000–2500 BCE), to
3480-491: The Indian subcontinent. The process of post-Harappan/Dravidian influences on southern India has tentatively been called "Dravidianization", and is reflected in the post-Harappan mixture of IVC and Ancient Ancestral South Indian people. Yet, according to Krishnamurti, Dravidian languages may have reached south India before Indo-Aryan migrations. The Dravidian language influenced the Indo-Aryan languages. Dravidian languages show extensive lexical (vocabulary) borrowing, but only
3567-595: The Indo-Aryans moved into an already Dravidian-speaking area after the oldest parts of the Rig Veda were already composed. According to Thomason and Kaufman, there is strong evidence that Dravidian influenced Indic through "shift", that is, native Dravidian speakers learning and adopting Indic languages. According to Erdosy, the most plausible explanation for the presence of Dravidian structural features in Old Indo-Aryan
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3654-399: The Indus Valley Civilisation and eastward migration during the late Harappan period was due to climate change in the region, with a 200-year long drought being the major factor. The Indus Valley Civilisation seemed to slowly lose their urban cohesion, and their cities were gradually abandoned during the late Harappan period, followed by eastward migrations before the Indo-Aryan migration into
3741-570: The Indus civilisation, suggesting a "tentative date of Proto-Dravidian around the early part of the third millennium." Krishnamurti further states that South Dravidian I (including pre-Tamil) and South Dravidian II (including pre-Telugu) split around the eleventh century BCE, with the other major branches splitting off at around the same time. The origins of the Dravidians are a "very complex subject of research and debate". They are regarded as indigenous to
3828-418: The Indus civilization, suggesting a "tentative date of Proto-Dravidian around the early part of the third millennium BCE", after which it branched into various Dravidian languages. South Dravidian I (including pre- Tamil ) and South Dravidian II (including pre- Telugu ) split around the eleventh century BCE, with the other major branches splitting off at around the same time. The third century BCE onwards saw
3915-480: The Maldivian infrastructure, healthcare and education sectors. Additionally, Indian and Bangladeshi nationals contribute significantly as skilled workers, alongside a sizable presence of unskilled laborers, as well as other professionals and members of the business community. The whole island group, the Maldives, is named after its capital. The word "Maldives" means "the islands (dives) of Malé". The first settlers in
4002-406: The Maldivian islands were Dravidian people who arrived from the neighboring shores of the modern Indian subcontinent and coastal Ceylon . Comparative studies of Maldivian linguistic, oral, and other cultural traditions, in addition to folklore , point to a strong Dravidian influence on Maldivian society, centered in Malé, from ancient times. The Giraavaru people of Giraavaru claim descent from
4089-553: The Malé City Council. Traditionally it was the King's Island, from where the ancient royal dynasties ruled and where the palace was located. The city was then called Mahal . Formerly it was a walled city surrounded by fortifications and gates ( doroshi ). The Royal Palace ( Gan'duvaru ) was destroyed along with the picturesque forts ( koshi ) and bastions ( buruzu ) when the city was remodelled under President Ibrahim Nasir 's rule in
4176-635: The Samhitas down through the later Vedic works and into the classical post-Vedic literature. This represents an early religious and cultural fusion or synthesis between ancient Dravidians and Indo-Aryans. According to Mallory there are an estimated thirty to forty Dravidian loanwords in Rig Veda . Some of those for which Dravidian etymologies are certain include ಕುಲಾಯ kulāya "nest", ಕುಲ್ಫ kulpha "ankle", ದಂಡ daṇḍa "stick", ಕುಲ kūla "slope", ಬಿಲ bila "hollow", ಖಲ khala "threshing floor". While J. Bloch and M. Witzel believe that
4263-457: The Sosun Route (R12). Velana International Airport is located on nearby Hulhulé and is the city's airport as well as the principal airport in Maldives. With the opening of the Sinamalé Bridge , the airport is now accessible from Malé by road. Prior to the opening of the bridge, transport between the airport and Malé was by a frequent ferry service. Hulhulé and Hulhumalé have been connected via
4350-497: The aftermath of the abolition of the monarchy in 1968. However, some buildings remained, namely, the Malé Friday Mosque . In the last few decades, the island has been considerably expanded in size through land reclamation . Over the years, Malé has been the center of political protests and milestone events. Although Malé is geographically located in Kaafu Atoll , administratively it is not considered part of it. The central part of
4437-407: The archaic Dhivehi word, and Mahal word in modern times, for fruit ( falhoa ) was the same as that for the papaya. ) As time went by, the local islanders accepted the rule of this Northern Prince. A palace was built and the island was formally named Maa-le (Malé), while the nearest island was named Hulhu-le. The names of the main four wards or divisions of Malé Island are said to have been given by
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#17328630950724524-437: The built-up area taking up essentially its entire landmass. Slightly less than one third of the nation's population lives in the capital city, and the population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to 100,000 people in 2006. Many Maldivians and foreign workers living in other parts of the country find themselves in occasional short term residence on the island since it is the centre of administration and bureaucracy. Most of
4611-650: The chalcolithic population did not descend from the neolithic population of Mehrgarh, which "suggests moderate levels of gene flow". They further noted that "the direct lineal descendants of the Neolithic inhabitants of Mehrgarh are to be found to the south and the east of Mehrgarh, in northwestern India and the western edge of the Deccan plateau", with neolithic Mehrgarh showing greater affinity with chalocolithic Inamgaon , south of Mehrgarh, than with chalcolithic Mehrgarh. The Indus Valley civilisation (2,600–1,900 BCE) located in
4698-452: The city is formed by the island of Malé. Five more islands form part of the city which includes Hulhulé , Hulhumalé , Villimalé , Gulhifalhu and Thilafushi . A commercial harbour is located on the central island and serves as the heart of all commercial activities in the country. Velana International Airport is located on the Island of Hulhulé. The central island is heavily urbanised, with
4785-488: The city was remodelled under President Ibrahim Nasir 's rule in the aftermath of the abolition of the monarchy in 1968. Only the National Museum building, residence of the last sultan, as well as the Malé Friday Mosque , remain. Malé's residents soon grew to 11,453 by 1967 and 29,522 by 1977. In order to cater for the growing population, by 1986 the shallow lagoon around Malé was reclaimed. The most revered place in Malé
4872-500: The data, and that "the linguistic jury is still very much out." As a proto-language , the Proto-Dravidian language is not itself attested in the historical record. Its modern conception is based solely on reconstruction. It is suggested that the language was spoken in the 4th millennium BCE, and started disintegrating into various branches around 3rd millennium BCE. According to Krishnamurti, Proto-Dravidian may have been spoken in
4959-584: The design and construction of Nagara -style Hindu temples. Traditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas. The Agamas are non- Vedic in origin and have been dated either as post-Vedic texts or as pre-Vedic compositions. The Agamas are a collection of Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti , worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga. Chola-style temples consist almost invariably of
5046-561: The development of many great empires in South India like Pandya , Chola , Chera , Pallava , Satavahana , Chalukya , Kakatiya and Rashtrakuta . Medieval South Indian guilds and trading organisations like the "Ayyavole of Karnataka and Manigramam" played an important role in the Southeast Asia trade, and the cultural Indianisation of the region. Dravidian visual art is dominated by stylised temple architecture in major centres, and
5133-637: The entire Maldivian islands were ذِيبَةُ المَحَل Dhībat-ul-Maḥal ), he provided a rather extensive description of the city as well as the Islands of the Maldives overall. He mentioned that the Queen, Rehendhi Khadeeja , had a residence in Malé, which from its description may be assimilated to the same palace of the later sultan rulers, in the centre of the island. Within the palace compounds, several pits contained stores of cowrie shells, ready to be traded. Ibn Battuta also mentioned several mosques, built in wood. Malé
5220-863: The far-reaching influence of Dravidian on the Indo-Aryan tongues in the spheres of phonology, syntax and vocabulary." With the rise of the Kuru Kingdom a process of Sanskritization started which influenced all of India, with the populations of the north of the Indian subcontinent predominantly speaking the Indo-Aryan languages. The third century BCE onwards saw the development of large Dravidian empires like Chola , Pandya , Rashtrakuta , Vijayanagara , Chalukyas Western Chalukya , and kingdoms like Chera , Chutu , Ay , Alupa , Pallava , Hoysala , Western Ganga , Eastern Ganga , Kadamba , Kalabhra , Andhra Ikshvaku , Vishnukundina , Eastern Chalukya , Sena , Kakatiya , Reddy , Mysore , Jaffna , Mysore , Travancore , Venad , Cochin , Cannanore , Calicut and
5307-418: The first Tamil Muslims and Sri Lankan Moors appeared. Portuguese explorers like Vasco de Gama were motivated to expand mainly for the spice markets of Calicut (today called Kozhikode) in modern-day Kerala. This led to the establishment of a series of Portuguese colonies along the western coasts of Karnataka and Kerala, including Mangalore. During this time Portuguese Jesuit priests also arrived and converted
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#17328630950725394-431: The first Tamil settlers of the Maldives. It is said that early Tamil settlers called the islands Maalaitivu , which means Garland Islands or Chain Islands. Early records also indicate that the island was called " Athamana Huraa " prior to being named Malé. According to regional lore, Giraavaru fishermen used to go regularly to a certain large sandbank ( finolhu ) at the southern end of their atoll to clean tuna fish after
5481-682: The governance of the city of Malé. The council was created in 2011, with the enactment of the Decentralization Bill. The city is divided into 18 political wards each with one councillor. In the Local Council Elections in 2021, the mayor was elected for the first time ever, with Mohamed Muizzu being elected to the position. The Progressive Party of the Maldives picked up 11 seats while the Maldivian Democratic Party picked up 6 seats. But due to Muizzu being elected as
5568-466: The legendary marriage of Shiva to Queen Mīnātchi who ruled Madurai or Wanji-ko , a god who later merged into Indra . Tolkappiyar refers to the Three Crowned Kings as the "Three Glorified by Heaven", ( Tamil : வாண்புகழ் மூவர் , Vāṉpukaḻ Mūvar ). In Dravidian-speaking South India, the concept of divine kingship led to the assumption of major roles by state and temple. The cult of
5655-413: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maale&oldid=1153755901 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Maale, Maldives Malé is the capital and most populous city of
5742-519: The main island. All the routes are operated by Raajje Transport Link (RTL) . These busses go through the wider roads through the city. Children under 18, people with special needs and people above 65 years of age ride for free. The Orchid Route (R10), the Ameenee Route (R11) and the Sosun Route (R12). The routes are named after the main roads that the minibus drives through in Malé, being Orchid Magu , Ameenee Magu and Sosun Magu . The Malé system has
5829-638: The majority of the population of South India and are natively found in India , Pakistan , Afghanistan , Bangladesh , the Maldives , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka . Dravidian peoples are also present in Singapore , Mauritius , Malaysia , France , South Africa , Myanmar , East Africa , the Caribbean , and the United Arab Emirates through recent migration . Proto-Dravidian may have been spoken in
5916-455: The months of February and March. Unlike a number of cities with this climate, Malé experiences relatively consistent temperatures throughout the course of the year, with an average high of 30 °C or 86 °F and an average low of 26.5 °C or 79.7 °F, which is equivalent to many equatorial cities' average year-round daily mean. The city averages slightly more than 1,900 millimetres or 75 inches of precipitation annually. The temperature
6003-429: The most likely candidate for the underlying language. Knorozov's suggestion was preceded by the work of Henry Heras, who suggested several readings of signs based on a proto-Dravidian assumption. Linguist Asko Parpola writes that the Indus script and Harappan language are "most likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family". Parpola led a Finnish team in investigating the inscriptions using computer analysis. Based on
6090-476: The mother goddess is treated as an indication of a society which venerated femininity. This mother goddess was conceived as a virgin, one who has given birth to all and one, and were typically associated with Shaktism . The temples of the Sangam days, mainly of Madurai, seem to have had priestesses to the deity, which also appears predominantly as a goddess. In the Sangam literature, there is an elaborate description of
6177-448: The northwest of the Indian subcontinent is sometimes identified as having been Dravidian. Already in 1924, when announcing the discovery of the IVC, John Marshall stated that (one of) the language(s) may have been Dravidic. Cultural and linguistic similarities have been cited by researchers Henry Heras , Kamil Zvelebil , Asko Parpola and Iravatham Mahadevan as being strong evidence for
6264-678: The original Giraavaru fishermen: Maafannu from maa (big) and fannu (a place where a village path meets the sea), Henveiru from en-beyru (out where fishermen got their bait), Galolhu from galu-olhu (stone groove) and, Macchangolhi from mathi-angolhi (windward path-fork). In early foreign sources, Malé was called Ambria or Mahl. For the Maldivians, it was Fura Malé, i.e. "Malé the Pre-Eminent". When Ibn Battuta traveled to Malé in 1343 (in Arabic : المَحَل , romanized : al-Maḥal thus
6351-480: The pallu except in areas of North Karnataka. Due to the complexity of draping the sari, younger girls start with a skirt called a pavada . When they get older, around the age when puberty begins, they transition to a langa voni or half-sari, which is composed of a skirt tied at the waist along with a cloth draped over a blouse. After adulthood girls begin using the sari. There are many different styles of sari draping varying across regions and communities. Examples are
6438-450: The population of Malé live in small houses or apartment complexes, often shared with external family or roommates. This led to the development of Hulhumalé and the extension to Phase 2. The Indian expatriate community in the Maldives stands as the second-largest, comprising around 27,000 individuals. Among them, a substantial portion consists of construction workers, doctors, nurses, health professionals, and teachers, who play vital roles in
6525-475: The production of images on stone and bronze sculptures. The sculpture dating from the Chola period has become notable as a symbol of Hinduism . The Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple located in Indian state of Tamil Nadu is often considered as the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. The temple is built in Dravidian style and occupies an area of 156 acres (631,000 m ). The origin of the Sanskrit word drāviḍa
6612-518: The rites performed by the Kurava priestess in the shrine Palamutircholai. Among the early Dravidians, the practice of erecting memorial stones, Natukal and Viragal , had appeared, and it continued for quite a long time after the Sangam age, down to about the 16th century. It was customary for people who sought victory in war to worship these hero stones to bless them with victory . Mayamata and Manasara shilpa texts estimated to be in circulation by
6699-425: The search for new spaces for housing. The old forts and decrepit walls were dismantled in 1925–1927 under the reign of Muhammad Shamsuddeen III , to be rebuilt on a smaller scale. Roads were also widened and straightened. Former large cemeteries had also been cleared out, to achieve more housing space. The Royal Palace ( Gan'duvaru ) was destroyed along with the picturesque forts ( koshi ) and bastions ( buruzu ) when
6786-893: The season and the land. Tolkappiyam mentions that each of these thinai had an associated deity such as Seyyon in Kurinji (hills), Thirumaal in Mullai (forests), and Kotravai in Marutham (plains), and Wanji-ko in the Neithal (coasts and seas). Other gods mentioned were Mayyon and Vaali , now identified with Krishna and Balarama, who are all major deities in Hinduism today. This represents an early religious and cultural fusion or synthesis between ancient Dravidians and Indo-Aryans, which became more evident over time with sacred iconography, traditions, philosophy, flora and fauna that went on to influence and shape Indian civilisation. Throughout Tamilakam ,
6873-500: The subcontinent. According to Horen Tudu, "many academic researchers have attempted to connect the Dravidians with the remnants of the great Indus Valley civilisation , located in Northwestern India... but [i]t is mere speculation that the Dravidians are the ensuing post–Indus Valley settlement of refugees into South and Central India." The most noteworthy scholar making such claims is Asko Parpola , who did extensive research on
6960-549: The three following parts, arranged in differing manners, but differing in themselves only according to the age in which they were executed: Besides these, a south Indian temple usually has a tank called the Kalyani or Pushkarni – to be used for sacred purposes or the convenience of the priests – dwellings for all the grades of the priesthood are attached to it, and other buildings for state or convenience. Literary evidence of traditional form of theatre, dance and music dates back to
7047-449: The usage of the Sanskrit word drāviḍa in the work Tantravārttika by Kumārila Bhaṭṭa , the word drāviḍa in Sanskrit has been historically used to denote geographical regions of southern India as whole. Some theories concern the direction of derivation between tamiḻ and drāviḍa ; such linguists as Zvelebil assert that the direction is from tamiḻ to drāviḍa . The largest Dravidian ethnic groups are
7134-501: The waist and draped over the shoulder. Originally saris were worn bare, but during the Victorian era, women began wearing blouse (called a ravike) along with sari. In fact, until the late 19th century most Kerala women did not wear any upper garments, or were forced to by law, and in many villages, especially in tribal communities, the sari is worn without the blouse. Unlike Indo-Aryan speakers, most Dravidian women do not cover their head with
7221-464: The water works pumps brackish water from 50–60 m (160–200 ft) deep wells in the city and desalinates that using reverse osmosis . Electric power is generated in the city using diesel generators. Sewage is pumped unprocessed into the sea. Solid waste is transported to nearby islands, where it is used to fill in lagoons. The airport was built in this way, and currently the Thilafushi lagoon
7308-599: The west of the Indus River valley, is a precursor of the Indus Valley Civilisation, whose inhabitants migrated into the Indus Valley and became the Indus Valley Civilisation. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia . According to Lukacs and Hemphill, while there is a strong continuity between the neolithic and chalcolithic (Copper Age) cultures of Mehrgarh, dental evidence shows that
7395-476: Was brought to India by farmers from the Iranian part of the Fertile Crescent, but more recently Heggerty and Renfrew noted that "McAlpin's analysis of the language data, and thus his claims, remain far from orthodoxy", adding that Fuller finds no relation of Dravidian language with other languages, and thus assumes it to be native to India. Renfrew and Bahn conclude that several scenarios are compatible with
7482-468: Was fortified in the 17th century by the sultan Muhammad Imaduddin , who built walls on the north, east and west side of the island. An inner harbour was used by fishing vessels and small dhonis , while larger vessels had to anchor in the outer harbour, between the islands of Vilingili and Hulhule. The island covered less than one square mile in size, and was surrounded by a shallow lagoon. Malé had 2,148 inhabitants in 1888, but population growth soon led to
7569-456: Was glorified as the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent , as the favoured god of the Tamils . Sivan was also seen as the supreme God. Early iconography of Murugan and Sivan and their association with native flora and fauna goes back to the Indus Valley Civilisation. The Sangam landscape was classified into five categories, thinais , based on the mood,
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