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23-553: METS is an XML Schema designed for the purpose of: Depending on its use, a METS document could be used in the role of Submission Information Package (SIP), Archival Information Package (AIP), or Dissemination Information Package (DIP) within the Open Archival Information System ( OAIS ) Reference Model. Maintaining a library of digital objects requires maintaining metadata about those objects. The metadata necessary for successful management and use of digital objects

46-473: A changing user community. "Long term" may extend indefinitely. The OAIS defines a long period of time as any length of time that might be impacted by changing technologies and the changing of "Designated Community," e.g., any group of consumers capable of understanding the information. This length of time can be indefinite. The archive defines the community and that definition is not fixed. The "O" in OAIS represents

69-414: A long period of time. The OAIS model can be applied to various archives, e.g., open access, closed, restricted, "dark", or proprietary. The information being maintained has been deemed to need "long term preservation", even if the OAIS itself is not permanent. "Long term" is long enough to be concerned with the impacts of changing technologies, including support for new media and data formats, or with

92-517: A mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. This protocol mandates that individual archives map their metadata to the Dublin Core , a common metadata set for this purpose. OAI standards allow a common way to provide content, and part of those standards is that the content has metadata that describes the items in Dublin Core format. Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) defines standards for

115-633: A software architecture model that fully implements the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model on 22 September 2020. An appliance developed on the architecture model has been available since October 2020. The architecture model is based exclusively on de facto and de jure standards and the appliance developed according to it was realised exclusively with open source products. The three main standards are Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) , Representational State Transfer (REST) and OpenID Connect (OIDC) . Scalability, distributability and extensibility are further essential features and enable

138-484: A technological framework and interoperability standards for enhancing access to eprint archives, which make scholarly communications like academic journals available, associated with the open access publishing movement. The relevant technology and standards are applicable beyond scholarly publishing. The OAI technical infrastructure, specified in the Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) version 2.0, defines

161-568: Is both more extensive than and different from the metadata used for managing collections of printed works and other physical materials. METS is intended to promote the preservation of, and interoperability between digital libraries. The open flexibility of METS means that there is not a prescribed vocabulary which allows many different types of institutions, with many different document types, to utilize METS. The customization of METS makes it highly functional internally, but creates limitations for interoperability. Interoperability becomes difficult when

184-474: Is to set the standard for the activities that are involved in preserving a digital archive rather than the method for carrying out those activities. The acronym OAIS should not be confused with OAI, which is the Open Archives Initiative . The OAIS environment involves the interaction of four entities: producers of information, consumers of information (or the designated community ), management, and

207-472: The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems , a body dedicated to overseeing space agencies, as digital preservation has become a discipline unto itself, the OAIS has become the standard model for digital preservation systems at many institutions and organizations. OAIS-compliance has been a stated fundamental design requirement for major digital preservation and repository development efforts at

230-682: The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems ; this text is identical to ISO 16363:2012 which forms the basis of the ISO audit and certification of Trustworthy Repositories, described at iso16363.org . The ISO 19165:1-2018 recommends the use of the Open Packaging Conventions to implement the Geospatial Package. As part of #WeMissiPres , Frank Obermeit, a computer scientist at the State Archives of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany , presented

253-950: The National Archives and Records Administration , Library of Congress , British Library , Bibliothèque nationale de France , National Library of the Netherlands , the Digital Curation Centre in the UK, OCLC (the Online Computer Library Center), the JSTOR (Journal Storage) scholarly journal archive, as well as several university library systems. Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation, C-DAC , India has implemented OAIS for National Cultural Audiovisual Archive (NCAA) which has been certified as Trusted Digital Repository as per ISO 16363: 2012 during November 2017. This initiative

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276-534: The "open way the standard was developed", and does not represent " open access ", or the usage of the term open in the Open Definition or Open Archives Initiative . The "I" in OAIS represents "information", meaning data that can be shared or exchanged. In this reference model there is a particular focus on digital information, both as the primary forms of information held and as supporting information for both digitally and physically archived materials. Therefore,

299-418: The OAIS model it developed has proved useful to other organizations and institutions with digital archiving needs. OAIS, known as ISO 14721:2003, is widely accepted and utilized by various organizations and disciplines, both national and international, and was designed to ensure preservation. The OAIS standard, published in 2005, is considered the optimum standard to create and maintain a digital repository over

322-510: The archive itself. The management component of the OAIS environment is not an entity that carries out day-to-day maintenance of an archive but a person or group that sets policies for the content contained in the archive. The OAIS model also defines an information model. Physical or digital items which contain information are known as data objects. Members of the Designated Community for an archive should be able to interpret and understand

345-527: The current METS schema, officially named in April of that year. OAIS The term Open Archival Information System (or OAIS ) refers to the ISO OAIS Reference Model for an OAIS. This reference model is defined by recommendation CCSDS 650.0-B-2 of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems ; this text is identical to = 57284 ISO 14721:2012 . The CCSDS's purview is space agencies, but

368-561: The development of a system that combined encoding for an outline of a digital object's structure with metadata for that object. In 1998 this work was expanded upon by the Making of America II project (MoAII). An important objective of this project was the creation of a standard for digital objects that would include defined metadata for the descriptive, administrative, and structural aspects of a digital object. A type of structural and metadata encoding system using an XML Document Type Definition (DTD)

391-469: The exporting and importing institutions have used vocabularies. As a workaround for this problem the creation of institutional profiles has become popular. These profiles document the implementation of METS specific to that institution helping to map content in order for exchanged METS documents to be more usable across institutions. As early as 1996 the University of California, Berkeley began working toward

414-508: The information contained in a data object either because of their established knowledge base or with the assistance of supplementary "representation information" that is included with the data object. An information package includes the following information objects: There are three types of information package in the OAIS reference model: These three information packages may or may not be identical to each other. There are six functional entities in an OAIS: Although originally developed by

437-589: The late late 1990s and was active for around twenty years. OAI coordinated in particular three specification activities: OAI-PMH, OAI-ORE and ResourceSync. All along the group worked towards building a "low-barrier interoperability framework" for archives ( institutional repositories ) containing digital content ( digital libraries ) to allow people (service providers) harvest metadata (from data providers). Such sets of metadata are since then harvested to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets. OAI has been involved in developing

460-560: The model accommodates information that is inherently non-digital (e.g., a physical sample ), but the modeling and preservation of such information is not addressed in detail. As strictly a conceptual framework, the OAIS model does not require the use of any particular computing platform, system environment, system design paradigm, system development methodology, database management system, database design paradigm, data definition language, command language, system interface, user interface, technology, or media for an archive to be compliant. Its aim

483-405: The use in organisations of different sizes. Open Archives Initiative The Open Archives Initiative ( OAI ) was an informal organization, in the circle around the colleagues Herbert Van de Sompel , Carl Lagoze, Michael L. Nelson and Simeon Warner, to develop and apply technical interoperability standards for archives to share catalogue information (metadata). The group got together in

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506-578: Was a part of Indian National Digital Preservation Program (NDPP) . The OAIS has been the basis of numerous prominent digital preservation initiatives and standards including the Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies working group and the Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) document from OCLC. which was an initial draft of, and subsequently superseded by, CCSDS 652.1-M-2 of

529-463: Was the result of these efforts. The MoAII DTD was limited in that it did not provide flexibility in which metadata terms could be used for the elements in the descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata portions of the object. In 2001, a new version of the DTD was developed that used namespaces separate from the system rather than the vocabulary of the previous DTD. This revision was the foundation for

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