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44-628: The party was founded in 1967 by pro-Chinese members of the Nicaraguan Socialist Party . When Albania broke with China , the MAP-ML followed Albania. The party has a trade union wing, Frente Obrero (FO, Workers' Front) that was founded in 1974. The wing organized Milicias Populares Antisomocistas ( MILPAS ), which fought against the dictatorship of the Somoza regime. As of 1980, MAP-ML had only about 25 members, but through FO and El Pueblo ,

88-530: A few stray Sandinistas, which first went under the name Christian Alternative led by former Sandinista legislator Orlando Tardencilla. The Constitutionalist Liberal Party ( Spanish : Partido Liberal Constitucionalista - PLC) is in alliance with the Worker's Permanent Congress (CPT), a civil organisation formed around several smaller parties, labor unions, and political movements. The Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance ( Spanish : Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense - ALN)

132-470: A participating candidate must obtain a relative majority of at least 40 percent of the vote to win a presidential election. However, a candidate may win by obtaining at least 35 percent of the vote, with at least a five percent margin over the second-place finisher. The law also established a second-round runoff election if none of the candidates won in the first round. In addition, a party could also lose its legal status if it obtains less than 4 percent of

176-749: A profound institutional crisis in the Nicaraguan society. Both the two major anti-pact forces (ALN and MRS), and more recently, the PLC candidate, Rizo, made public their intentions to dismantle the pact. Truth is that a " qualified majority " of 2/3 in the National Assembly is needed to revert the 2000 reforms and this is not likely to happen according to the latest polls. In late August, the Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS) candidate Edmundo Jarquín stated that he supported therapeutic abortion when

220-521: Is a political party in Nicaragua . Founded in July 1944 by Dr. Mario Flores Ortiz. PSN operated as the official communist party in the country. At the time of its foundation, PSN supported the regime of Anastasio Somoza García . PSN considered that Somoza (nominally a liberal) was an anti-fascist ally. In the mid-1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 250. After

264-869: Is formed by dissidents of the Constitutionalist Liberal Party and the Conservative Party (PC), Alliance for the Republic (APRE), Independent Liberal Party (PLI), Nicaraguan Resistance Party (PRN) and the Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path (CCN). After the break-up of the FSLN-Convergence alliance in 2005, the Sandinista National Liberation Front ( Spanish : Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional - FSLN) formed

308-538: Is pulling in first place in the polls. Vice-president: Jaime Morales Carazo Jaime Morales Carazo, the civilian chief of the Contras in the 1980s and Alemán's right-hand man for many years, was one of the founders of the PLC and liberal legislator in the National Assembly until 2006. Morales Carazo began to distance himself politically from Alemán and the PLC once Bolaños came to office and launched his “war on corruption.” President: Edmundo Jarquín Edmundo Jarquín

352-507: Is that primary elections cause a lot of problems due to the enormous erosion and friction they cause among Sandinistas." Pro-Ortega legislators are running for reelection together with cadres from the party structures and a few political figures from what is left of the FSLN's Convergence alliance, such as Social Christian Agustín Jarquín, Conservative Miriam Argüello and Liberal Julia Mena , all former opponents of Ortega. Lewites went on to form

396-627: Is the father of Camilo Mejía , one of the most famous conscientious objectors to the US war in Iraq . The Alternative for Change ( Spanish : Alternativa por el Cambio - AC) was part of the MRS Alliance for a few months, but decided to go alone to the elections with presidential candidate Edén Pastora. Alternative for Change was founded by dissidents from the Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path (CCN) and

440-545: Is very pronounced. However, there have been some recent improvements. Real economic growth declined from 7.4% in 1999 to 1% in 2002, then turned around to grow back to 2.3% in 2003, and about 4% in 2004. Another important issue was the pact established by the PLC and the FSLN in 2000 in order to maintain control over key institutions such as the Supreme Court (CSJ) and the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE), causing

484-515: The 2001 elections where he was elected vice-president, running on the PLC ticket. Vice-president: José Antonio Alvarado José Antonio Alvarado, one of the founders of the PLC, and later expelled from it for his dissidence to Alemán, held various ministerial portfolios during both the Alemán and Bolaños administration. Like his running mate, the CSE excluded him from participating in the 2001 elections as

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528-716: The Esquipulas Peace Agreement , which it saw as an imperialist scheme by the United States . In the 1990 presidential election, the PMLN candidates (Isidro Téllez for president, Carlos Cuadra for vice-president) got 8,135 votes (0.6%). PMLN lost its parliamentary representation that year. PMLN lost their registration after the 1996 elections. In the 2001 presidential elections, PMLN supported FSLN candidate Daniel Ortega . Nicaraguan Socialist Party The Nicaraguan Socialist Party ( Partido Socialista Nicaragüense )

572-544: The Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1985), ascended to the presidency after the 1984 elections. Ortega, general secretary of the Sandinista National Liberation Front, was President of Nicaragua from 1985 to 1990 and presidential candidate of the FSLN in 1990, 1996, 2001, and 2006. Prominent Sandinista leaders have left the party or have been expelled for dissenting to Ortega's power. Despite all, Ortega

616-510: The Sandinista Renovation Movement . This article about a Nicaragua political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This communist party –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 2006 Nicaraguan general election Enrique Bolaños PLC Daniel Ortega FSLN General elections were held in Nicaragua on 5 November 2006. The country's voters went to

660-525: The United States , respectively, were prohibited from participating in the 1996 elections by the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE). In 1997, under the government of Arnoldo Alemán , Rizo was appointed president of the Nicaraguan Institute for Municipal Development (INIFOM). After the reforms to the Electoral Law in the year 2000 , part of the pact between the PLC and the FSLN, Rizo was able to contest

704-465: The 1990 elections he gained a seat in the National Assembly. Jarquín worked as an Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) official from 1992 to 2005 when he resigned and joined the MRS electoral alliance. Vice-president: Carlos Mejía Godoy Carlos Mejía Godoy is an internationally known and popular Nicaraguan singer-songwriter who stepped in as the vice-presidential candidate after Lewites died. Mejía Godoy

748-527: The 750 party delegates from all over the country would do the selecting at the PLC National Convention on 2 April. On 22 March, Alemán suddenly announces a form of primary election with 32 simultaneous conventions in the country’s 16 departments on 31 March, and the winner would be ratified two days later during the National Convention. PLC leaders also invited all dissident Liberals outside

792-504: The ALN got the remaining five. The MRS Alliance didn't pull enough votes to win a seat in the Regional Council. One of the most important issues raised in the 2006 elections was the economy. The high external debt and internal debt have inhibited growth. Around 75% of the population lives on less than US$ 2 a day, unemployment and underemployment are close to 50%, and income inequality

836-524: The CENI bond operation – now a substantial part of the domestic debt – after several banks got into financial problems due to fraudulent practices over the course of 1999–2001. Vice-president: Fabricio Cajina Fabricio Cajina, an agricultural producer, was the Conservative mayor of San José de los Remates (2000–2004) in the department of Boaco . President: Daniel Ortega Daniel Ortega, coordinator of

880-464: The FSLN. When the Sandinista Revolution succeeded in 1979, MAP-ML condemned it as "not a workers' but a bourgeois revolution". It organized strikes and land seizures. The Sandinistas reciprocated by disarming MILPAS and temporarily closing down El Pueblo . Several members were also imprisoned. MAP-ML was generally critical against the mixed economy during the FSLN government. MAP-ML was

924-832: The Movement for the Rescue of the Sandinismo and the Change-Reflection-Ethic-Action Movement (CREA). Various social groups are also part of the alliance, the most organized and belligerent of which is the Autonomous Women’s Movement. The Sandinista Assembly -FSLN's highest decision-making body- was held on 26 February in Managua . Lewites had announced that he planned a march to the site of the event with his followers in support of his running against Daniel Ortega for

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968-557: The Movement for the Rescue of the Sandinismo, who joined the MRS Alliance to support Lewites as the presidential candidate for the Nicaraguan general election, 2006. The MRS Alliance chose their legislative candidates based on surveys and bilateral contacts with their partners in the MRS Alliance. In the light of PLC’s victory in the Atlantic coast elections of March 2006 , the PLC announced it would not hold primary elections to select its presidential candidate, arguing lack of finances. Instead

1012-714: The Nicaraguan Resistance Party, including members of the PLN, Somoza's Liberal Party. The Sandinista Renovation Movement ( Spanish : Movimiento de Renovación Sandinista - MRS), also known as the Herty 2006 Alliance in allusion to Herty Lewites, the alliance original presidential candidate, runs in this election together with the Social Christian Party (PSC), Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN), Ecologist Green Party of Nicaragua (PVEN), Party for Citizen Action (PAC),

1056-632: The Organización Militar del Pueblo (Military Organization of the People). The OMP conducted a few attacks against the regime. In 1990 PSN joined hands with right-wing forces in the National Opposition Union to topple the Sandinista government. PSN still exists, but is no longer a communist party per se. PSN publishes El Popular . For the 2006 Nicaraguan general election , it joined with

1100-534: The PLC to participate in these primaries, voting for the candidate they consider best able to defeat the FSLN, then rejoining the fold come what may. José Rizo won the PLC primary elections. The ALN held also primary elections, but gave preference to unelected candidates, among them some of their allies in APRE, PC and the PRN. Montealegre also attempted - up to the last minute - to bring some pro-Alemán leaders over to his side. He

1144-498: The PLC. President: Eduardo Montealegre Eduardo Montealegre, a former banker and economist, is the youngest and wealthiest of the five candidates. Like Alvarado, he held various ministerial portfolios during both the Alemán and Bolaños administration, including Foreign Minister with Alemán and Treasury Minister under Bolaños government. After his expulsion from the PLC he founded the ALN together with other dissidents. Montealgre's adversaries have criticized him for his involvement in

1188-641: The Sandinistas and the self-proclaimed Democratic Forces (anti-Sandinistas), has endured over the years. Prior to the 2006 elections, the Nicaraguan political landscape saw a shift away from the bipartite structure, as the anti-Sandinista forces splintered into two major political alliances , the Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance (ALN) and the Constitutionalist Liberal Party (PLC). Similarly, the Sandinistas faced internal divisions, with

1232-532: The United Nicaragua Triumphs alliance. The allied political forces of the FSLN are; Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA), the indigenous party from Nicaragua's Caribbean coast, Christian Democratic Union (UDC), Christian Unity Movement (MUC), Popular Conservative Alliance (APC) and a few smaller organisations of dissidents from the Liberal and Conservative Party and a fraction of members from

1276-579: The candidacy. Some 200 meters from the gates of the “Olofito” convention center where the Sandinista Assembly was meeting, they were stopped by a larger pro-Ortega demonstration. For several minutes both groups went at each other with fists, stones, and even clubs. The police had to intervene, placing themselves between the rival bands. In the Assembly, the official leadership responded by expelling Herty Lewites and his campaign chief Víctor Hugo Tinoco from

1320-458: The daily newspaper of the party, it exerted much influence in the society. One of the founders of MAP-ML, Marvin Ortega, had belonged to the national leadership of FSLN. MAP-ML built up a militant trade union activism and in urban areas had its own armed militias , Milicias Populares Antisomocistas ( MILPAS ). In the struggle against the Somoza regime, MILPAS forces fought under the command of

1364-543: The dissident Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS) gaining significant support from moderate Sandinistas and independent voters. The electoral reforms introduced in January 2000, as a result of the pact between the PLC and the FSLN, established new rules for the contending parties in the elections. The required percentages to win the Presidential Election was reduced from 45 to 40 percent. The electoral law states that

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1408-661: The largest party in the National Assembly, winning 38 seats. Right-wing political parties had dominated Nicaraguan politics since independence in 1838. Following the dissolution of the Legitimist party in 1851 and the Democratic party in 1936, the Liberals and Conservatives had alternated in government. The only exception to right-wing rule was the Sandinista government from 1979 to 1990. The traditional two-party system , comprising

1452-570: The life of the mother is at risk. Abortion under these circumstances had been legal in Nicaragua since 1891. Abortion other than therapeutic is punishable by imprisonment from one to three years. The religious sector condemned Jarquín's statement, prompting the other four of the five presidential candidates to declare themselves against abortion. The FSLN, which has an important relationship with former Managua Archbishop Miguel Obando , stated in general that they opposed abortion and were pro-life . This

1496-406: The only party that voted against the Sandinista constitution in the National Assembly. In 1984 MAP-ML was one of the parties that contested the general elections. The party got 2.1% of the votes in the parliamentary election and two seats in the national assembly. In the presidential election the MAP-ML candidate was Isidro Téllez Toruño , the general secretary of FO, and vice-presidential candidate

1540-513: The party. A few days later, on 6 March, an extraordinary FSLN congress was held in Matagalpa . The outcome of this congress was the annulment of primary elections and the proclamation of Daniel Ortega as the presidential candidate, successfully blocking Lewites' presidential aspirations. The Sandinista grass roots would no longer be consulted on their choice for presidential candidate through primary elections. As Ortega himself pointed out: "The truth

1584-544: The polls to elect a new President of the Republic and 90 members of the National Assembly . Daniel Ortega of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) was elected president with 38% of the vote, defeating Eduardo Montealegre ( Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance ) with 28%, José Rizo ( Constitutionalist Liberal Party ) with 27%, Edmundo Jarquín ( Sandinista Renovation Movement ) with 6%, and Edén Pastora ( Alternative for Change ) with 0.3%. The FSLN also emerged as

1628-722: The surge of the FSLN (which had its origins in PSN), PSN was gradually side-lined. In 1967 a group of radicals who opted for armed struggle were expelled. They formed the Socialist Workers Party . In 1974 PSN joined UDEL . From 1976 onwards there was a PSN breakaway group, called the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (de los Sánchez). Towards the end of the Somoza regime, the PSN established

1672-569: The vice-presidential candidate of the Conservative Party . In late August 2005, Eduardo Montealegre, the ALN's presidential candidate, invited Alvarado to join him as his vice-president. Alvarado was elected the presidential candidate of the Alliance for the Republic (APRE) in the primaries held in May 2006 with about 82% of the votes. Shortly after APRE joined the ALN alliance and Alvarado went back to

1716-484: The votes in the general elections. President: Edén Pastora Edén Pastora, the former Sandinista Deputy Defense Minister (1979–1981), was the presidential candidate for the Nicaraguan Democratic Action Party (PAD) in 1996. The Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) barred him from running for the presidency on the grounds that he had Costa Rican nationality. In the 2004 municipal elections, Pastora

1760-411: Was Juan Alberto Henríquez. Isidro and Henríquez got 11,352 votes (1%). An electoral slogan of MAP-ML was " ¡Ni un voto a la burguesía! ¡Balas para el imperialismo! " ("Not one vote for the bourgeoisie! Bullets against imperialism!"). In 1985 the MAP-ML conference decided to officially change its name to Marxist–Leninist Party of Nicaragua ( Partido Marxista-Leninista de Nicaragua ). MAP-ML opposed

1804-471: Was a reversal of traditional Sandinista policy. The Catholic Church organised a march on the National Assembly on 6 October to demand that therapeutic abortion be criminalized in the penal code. A march took place a few days later, organized by the Autonomous Women's Movement, a pro-choice organization that is part of the MRS Alliance. On 15 October, President Bolaños sent to the National Assembly

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1848-518: Was only successful with Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Barrios , son of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro and former PLC candidate for Mayor of Managua. The Atlantic coast elections of March 2006 were an opportunity for the parties and candidates competing in the general election to show their strength. The results gave the PLC a significant victory with 40 seats out of 90 in the Regional Councils. The FSLN and its ally YATAMA got 45 seats between them both and

1892-593: Was running for mayor of Managua on the Independent Liberal Party 's ticket. Pastora got less than 5% of the votes. Vice-president: Mercedes Tenorio Mercedes Tenorio, a Nicaraguan nurse, is Pastora's running mate. Tenorio was an active member of the Sandinista Health Workers' Federation (FETSALUD). President: José Rizo José Rizo, co-founder of the PLC, and his running mate José Antonio Alvarado, who were also citizens of Chile and

1936-615: Was the MRS vice-presidential candidate. He took over as presidential candidate after the initial nominee, Herty Lewites , died suddenly of a heart attack on 3 July 2006. Jarquín founded in 1974, together with Pedro Joaquín Chamorro , editor of newspaper La Prensa , the Democratic Liberation Union (UDEL) in the struggle against the Somoza regime. Jarquín was head of the Ministry of Foreign Cooperation between 1981–84 and ambassador to Mexico (1984–88) and to Spain (1988–1990). In

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