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23-400: The town's name literally means ' toll '. It refers to its history and location on an important trade route from Prague to Bavaria where the toll was collected. Mýto is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Rokycany and 24 km (15 mi) east of Plzeň . The municipal territory extends into three geomorphological regions. The central part with the built-up area lies in

46-504: A coded identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal. In a communications satellite , a satellite transponder receives signals over a range of uplink frequencies, usually from a satellite ground station ; the transponder amplifies them, and re-transmits them on a different set of downlink frequencies to receivers on Earth, often without changing the content of the received signal or signals. A communications satellite ’s channels are called transponders because each

69-421: A declining-balance account, which is debited each time they pass a toll point. Transponder In telecommunications , a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder . In air navigation or radio frequency identification , a flight transponder is an automated transceiver in an aircraft that emits

92-414: A lap they swipe or touch the receiver which is connected to a computer and log their lap time. NASCAR uses transponders and cable loops placed at numerous points around the track to determine the lineup during a caution period. This system replaced a dangerous race back to the start-finish line . Many modern automobiles have keys with transponders hidden inside the plastic head of the key. The user of

115-572: A regional railway line leading from Beroun to Plzeň and Klatovy . The Gothic Church of Saint Stephen was built in the 13th century and its Baroque tower dates from the 18th century. Today it serves social and cultural purposes. The Church of Saint John the Baptist was originally a chapel consecrated to John the Evangelist . During the Thirty Years' War the church was burned down, and in 1680–1682 it

138-520: A result, differences in transponder functionality also might influence the functional description of related optical modules like transceivers and muxponders . Another type of transponder occurs in identification friend or foe (IFF) systems in military aviation and in air traffic control secondary surveillance radar (beacon radar) systems for general aviation and commercial aviation . Primary radar works best with large all-metal aircraft, but not so well on small, composite aircraft. Its range

161-418: A ship's radar screen. Sonar transponders operate under water and are used to measure distance and form the basis of underwater location marking, position tracking and navigation . Electronic toll collection systems such as E-ZPass in the eastern United States use RFID transponders to identify vehicles. Transponders are used in races for lap timing. A cable loop is dug into the race circuit near to

184-402: Is a faster alternative to toll booths , where vehicles must stop and the driver manually pays the toll with cash or a card. In most systems, vehicles using the system are equipped with an automated radio transponder device. When the vehicle passes a roadside toll reader device, a radio signal from the reader triggers the transponder, which transmits back an identifying number which registers

207-567: Is a separate transceiver or repeater . With digital video data compression and multiplexing , several video and audio channels may travel through a single transponder on a single wideband carrier . Original analog video only has one channel per transponder, with subcarriers for audio and automatic transmission identification service ( ATIS ). Non-multiplexed radio stations can also travel in single channel per carrier (SCPC) mode, with multiple carriers (analog or digital) per transponder. This allows each station to transmit directly to

230-405: Is also limited by terrain and rain or snow and also detects unwanted objects such as automobiles, hills and trees. Furthermore, it cannot always estimate the altitude of an aircraft. Secondary radar overcomes these limitations but it depends on a transponder in the aircraft to respond to interrogations from the ground station to make the plane more visible. Depending on the type of interrogation,

253-456: Is from 1296. The original settlement was located on a hill around the Church of Saint Stephen. Gradually people began to settle in the area of today's Mýto, where the Church of Saint John the Baptist was built in 1350. At the beginning of the 14th century Mýto became a market town , and in 1905 it became a town. The D5 motorway passes through the northern part of the territory. Mýto is located on

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276-412: Is mandatory in controlled airspace in many countries. Some countries have also required, or are moving toward requiring, that all aircraft be equipped with Mode S, even in uncontrolled airspace . However, in the field of general aviation there have been objections to these moves, because of the cost, size, limited benefit to the users in uncontrolled airspace, and, in the case of balloons and gliders ,

299-695: The Holy Roman Empire . The Empire had a "passage system" whereby a number of toll stations would be established on a route where small tolls were collected. Examples were the Ochsenweg in Schleswig-Holstein which had toll stations at Königsau and Rendsburg , Neumünster , Bramstedt and Ulzburg , as well as the Gabler Road with the Karlsfried Castle as its toll station. Another form of road tax

322-546: The car may not even be aware that the transponder is there, because there are no buttons to press. When a key is inserted into the ignition lock cylinder and turned, the car's computer sends a signal to the transponder. Unless the transponder replies with a valid code, the computer will not allow the engine to be started. Transponder keys have no battery; they are energized by the signal itself. Transponders may also be used by residents to enter their gated communities . However, having more than one transponder causes problems. If

345-466: The power requirements during long flights. Transponders are used on some military aircraft to ensure ground personnel can verify the functionality of a missile’s flight termination system prior to launch. Such radar-enhancing transponders are needed as the enclosed weapon bays on modern aircraft interfere with prelaunch, flight termination system verification performed by range safety personnel during training test launches. The transponders re-radiate

368-530: The satellite, rather than paying for a whole transponder, or using landlines to send it to an earth station for multiplexing with other stations. In fiber-optic communications , a transponder is the element that sends and receives the optical signal from a fiber . A transponder is typically characterized by its data rate and the maximum distance the signal can travel. The term "transponder" can apply to different items with important functional differences, mentioned across academic and commercial literature: As

391-833: The signals allowing for much longer communication distances. The International Maritime Organization 's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) requires the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to be fitted aboard international voyaging ships with 300 or more  gross tonnage  (GT), and all passenger ships regardless of size. AIS transmitters/receivers are generally called transponders , but they generally transmit autonomously, although coast stations can interrogate class B transponders on smaller vessels for additional information. In addition, navigational aids often have transponders called RACON (radar beacons) designed to make them stand out on

414-436: The start/finish line. Each individual runner or car has an active transponder with a unique ID code. When the individual passes the start/finish line, the lap time and the racing position is shown on the score board. Passive and active RFID systems are used in motor sports , and off-road events such as Enduro and Hare and Hounds racing, the riders have a transponder on their person, normally on their arm. When they complete

437-467: The transponder sends back a transponder code (or "squawk code", Mode A) or altitude information (Mode C) to help air traffic controllers to identify the aircraft and to maintain separation between planes. Another mode called Mode S (Mode Select) is designed to help avoiding over-interrogation of the transponder (having many radars in busy areas) and to allow automatic collision avoidance. Mode S transponders are backward compatible with Modes A and C. Mode S

460-586: The vehicle's use of the road, and an electronic payment system charges the user the toll. A major advantage is the driver does not have to stop, reducing traffic delays. Electronic tolling is cheaper than a staffed toll booth, reducing transaction costs for government or private road owners. The ease of varying the amount of the toll makes it easy to implement road congestion pricing , including for high-occupancy lanes , toll lanes that bypass congestion, and city-wide congestion charges. The payment system usually requires users to sign up in advance and load money into

483-661: The western tip of the Hořovice Uplands . The southern part lies in the Brdy Highlands and includes the highest point of Mýto, the hill Ostrý vrch at 641 m (2,103 ft) above sea level. A small part in the north lies in the Křivokrát Highlands . The stream Holoubkovský potok flows through the town. The streams supplies two notable bodies of water in the municipal territory, the fishponds Štěpánský and Podmýtský. The first written mention of Mýto and its older church

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506-502: Was Liniengeld , which had to be paid when entering the city of Vienna from the beginning of the 18th century. A special form of road toll was the Pflasterzoll , which had to be paid to fund the initial cobbling of a road and its subsequent upkeep. Electronic toll collection is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or toll charged to vehicles using toll roads , HOV lanes , toll bridges , and toll tunnels . It

529-656: Was built once again. Many of its Gothic elements were rebuilt in the Baroque style. Mýto is twinned with: Toll (fee) A toll is a fee charged for the use of a road or waterway . Tolls usually had to be paid at strategic locations such as bridges (sometimes called a bridge toll) or gates . In Europe , the road toll goes back to the practice of the Germanic tribes , who charged fees to travellers if they wanted to cross over mountain passages. From that time, road tolls became commonplace in medieval times, especially in

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