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44-515: The Länsiviitta shopping centre is in two separate parts forming a symmetrical whole. The main entrance way to the shopping centre is from between the parts, with separate entrance to the western and eastern buildings. The western building hosts an S-market grocery store and restaurants E.T. Charlie and Tokka Pizza. The eastern building hosts a kindergarten . 60°09′46.1″N 24°46′33.8″E  /  60.162806°N 24.776056°E  / 60.162806; 24.776056 This article about

88-570: A Uralic language, the name must be a derivative . In all likelihood, it also predates Finnish settlement and is thus a loanword from one of the now-extinct Saami languages once spoken in the area. The most probable theory is that the name derives from the Finnish dialectal word oulu , meaning " floodwater ", which is related to e.g. Southern Sami åulo , meaning "melted snow", åulot meaning "thaw" (of unknown ultimate origin). Two other word families have also been speculated to be related. The first

132-471: A sculpture of Frans Michael Franzén and The Bobby at the Market Place statue. Finlands' Eurovision representatives 2021 rock band Blind Channel are from Oulu. They placed 6th in the competition. Kalmah is a melodic death metal-band from Oulu that formed in 1998. In the 1980s, rössypottu , salmon soup and sweet cheese ( juhannusjuusto ) were named Oulu's traditional parish dishes. Oulu

176-610: A Finnish building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a shopping mall is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . S Group The S Group ( Finnish : S-ryhmä , Swedish : S-gruppen ) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki . Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in

220-654: A defensive castle which was later captured by the Kingdom of Sweden in 1377. The 1400s were characterized by Russian raids in the region, during these raids captured people would be killed and/or taken back to the region of Russia. In 1531, the city was granted permission to act as a trading post . In 1590, the Oulu Castle was built by the Swedes and in 1595, the Treaty of Teusina firmly established Sweden's control over Oulu. The city

264-752: A study published by the Finnish Economic Survey in 2008, Oulu received the best image rating among large cities in the country, including ratings from respondents in all provinces . In the 2023 T-Media survey, Oulu was tied with Kuopio as the second most attractive city in Finland, while Tampere was ranked first. Once known for wood tar and salmon , Oulu has become a major high-tech centre, particularly in IT and wellness technology. Other important industries include wood processing , chemicals , pharmaceuticals , paper and steel . Oulu has been selected as

308-462: Is 155 inhabitants. As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon. At least 100 different languages are spoken in Oulu. The most common foreign languages are Russian (0.6%), Arabic (0.5%), English (0.5%) and Chinese (0.4%). As of 2023 , 13,040 people with a migrant background lived in Oulu, or 6.1% of

352-503: Is a city in Finland and the regional capital of North Ostrobothnia . It is located on the northwestern coast of the country at the mouth of the River Oulu . The population of Oulu is approximately 216,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 264,000. It is the 5th most populous municipality in Finland, and the fourth most populous urban area in the country. Oulu is also

396-468: Is home to 4% of Finland's population. 6.1% of the population has a foreign background, which is lower than in the major Finnish cities of Helsinki , Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa or Turku . Population by native language (2023) Oulu is the second largest monolingual Finnish-speaking municipality in Finland after Tampere. There are 497 Swedish speakers in Oulu, or 0.2% of the population. The number of Sámi speakers, Finland's third official language,

440-454: Is not necessarily cleared from rooftop solar installations. The local utility, Oulun Energia, is owned by the city of Oulu. The energy mix it receives from the Nordic-wide grid includes wood pellets, waste incineration, bioenergy, hydro-electric, geothermal, wind, nuclear, peat, natural gas and coal. Ice hockey is the most popular spectator sport in Oulu. The local club Kärpät has won

484-478: Is notable for its transportation network dedicated to non-motor vehicular traffic, including pedestrians and bicycles (termed "light" traffic in Finland). In 2022, the city contained more than 950 kilometres (590 mi) of pathways and more than 300 underpasses and bridges devoted exclusively to pedestrian and bicycle traffic. The network is used year-round. The ratio of walking and cycling traffic pathways to residents

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528-511: Is seen in the Northern Savo dialectal word uula and its Sami counterpart oalli , both meaning "river channel". The second is the Uralic root reconstructed as * uwa , meaning "river bed" (reflected as vuo in modern Finnish, also in derivatives such as vuolas "heavy-flowing"). To either of these roots, some Sami variety would have to be assumed having added further derivational suffixes. Oulu

572-484: Is served by Oulu Airport , the second largest airport in Finland by passenger volume. It is located 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of the city centre. The Port of Oulu is one of the busiest harbours on the Bothnian Bay . It includes four separate harbour areas: Vihreäsaari oil and bulk docks, Nuottasaari docks and Oritkari docks. There is also a ferry service in Oulu, which is mostly used between Oulunsalo and

616-736: Is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia , at the mouth of river Oulujoki , which is an ancient trading site. Following the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323, the status of Oulu was disputed in its ownership, as both the Novgorod Republic and the Kingdom of Sweden held much influence. In 1345, the Kingdom of Sweden annexed territory up to the Kemi River for the Diocese of Turku . In 1375, the Novgorod Republic built

660-446: Is the highest in Finland and the cycling mode share is 20 percent. Even in winter, bicycle commuting remains strong in Oulu, in spite of the cold, dark, and snow. About 12% of winter trips are by bicycle, and about half of trips to school or university are. The city has a robust system for keeping bike paths maintained and clear of snow, and bike paths and lanes are plowed before roadways to encourage such human-scale winter transit in

704-583: The Bothnian Bay ( Perämeri in Finnish) and the Swedish mainland is about 180 km directly west across the Bothnian Bay. From the center of Oulu in the direction of Oulunsalo , there is Kempeleenlahti  [ fi ] , a smaller but wide, meadow -belted bay, and part of it has been listed as a nature conservation area . The nearby island Hailuoto is just off the coast, 53 kilometres (33 mi) away in

748-514: The European Capital of Culture for 2026. The city is named after the river Oulujoki , which originates in the lake Oulujärvi . There have been a number of other theories for the origin of the name Oulu . One possible source is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. At minimum, the structure of the word requires that, if originally given by speakers of

792-547: The Hailuoto Island . The shortest travel time from Oulu railway station to Helsinki Central railway station is 5 h 34 min, operated by VR . Other destinations include Kolari , Rovaniemi , Seinäjoki and Tampere . The most important road in Oulu is Highway 4 ( E8 / E75 ) that runs from Helsinki to Utsjoki via Lahti , Jyväskylä , Oulu, Kemi and Rovaniemi . Other highways running to and from Oulu are Highway 20 to Kuusamo and Highway 22 to Kajaani . Oulu

836-501: The Russian market in 2022. The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti . A client can invest a small sum on the local co-operative and become a client-owner. (The exact sum is decided by the local co-operative board and varies significantly depending on local conditions.) A client-owner gets a membership card, S-Etukortti , which functions as a debit or credit card and gives access to special client-owner bargains. For

880-713: The hotel chain Sokos Hotels , several brands of restaurants such as Rosso , Sevilla and Amarillo , the Agrimarket chain, which sells agricultural and DIY supplies, and a number of car dealerships for Peugeot . The S Group operates Finland's first so-called supermarket bank , the S-Bank (S-Pankki Oy). [REDACTED] Media related to S-ryhmä at Wikimedia Commons Oulu Oulu ( / ˈ oʊ l uː / OH -loo , Finnish: [ˈou̯lu] ; Swedish : Uleåborg [ʉːlɛɔˈbɔrj] )

924-534: The markets for groceries , consumer durables , service station , hotel and restaurant services. It is engaged in close competition with Kesko , with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in. The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia . The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania , but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from

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968-603: The neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square , was enlisted to provide the plan for its rebuilding. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844. During the Åland War , part of the Crimean War , Oulu's harbour was raided by the British fleet, who destroyed ships and burned tar houses, leading to international criticism. The city

1012-463: The "capital of Northern Finland". Oulu is also considered one of Europe's "living labs", where residents experiment with new technologies (such as NFC tags and ubi -screens) on a community-wide scale. Although only in the top 2% of universities, the University of Oulu is regionally renowned in the field of information technology. Oulu has also been very successful in recent city image surveys; in

1056-478: The Bothnian Bay. Along the coast to the southwest, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) of Oulu is Raahe ( Brahestad ), known for its historic wooden town, and, further to the southwest, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) of Oulu is Kalajoki , known for its popular sandy beaches. Oulu is divided into 106 city districts. The largest of these are Haukipudas , Oulunsalo , Kaakkuri , Ritaharju , Tuira , and Kello  [ fi ] . The municipality of Ylikiiminki

1100-490: The S Group or Tradeka (Siwa) corporate governance. The S Group consists of 19 regional co-operative enterprises and 7 local co-operative enterprises. In total, these had 2.4 million individual members in 2018, a number that has grown from 1.2 million in 2003. In 2018, 329 million euros of Bonus was paid. The S Group operates five distinct chains of supermarkets : The largest sales revenues are from S-market's (49%) and from Prisma's 39%. The S Group's supermarkets retail

1144-818: The annual rock festival Qstock takes place. The Oulu Music Festival is held in winter and the Oulunsalo Music Festival in summer. The Irish Festival of Oulu takes place each October, and the International Children's Film Festival each November. Museums in Oulu include the Northern Ostrobothnia museum , the Oulu Museum of Art (OMA), the Tietomaa science center , and the Turkansaari open-air museum . Notable statues and sculptures in Oulu include

1188-607: The city of Oulu, located near the Arctic Circle , has only two hours of weak sunlight in December, the photovoltaic cells work almost around the clock in the summer. The cold climate means the PV panels can get up to a 25% boost per hour, as they don't overheat. Because the sun is quite low in the sky at this latitude, vertical PV installations are popular on the sides of buildings. These solar walls also capture light reflected from snow. Snow

1232-518: The city where 12% already do so. The Winter Cycling Federation was founded in Oulu in 2013, and the first Winter Cycling Congress was held there. In 2015, a large underground parking facility, Kivisydän ( Stone Heart ), opened in the city center directly beneath main shopping streets. The network of parallel roads for cars and pedestrians was drilled in the rock at the depth of 30 meters (98 ft). The parking facility includes two ramps, 900 visitor parking lots (expandable to 1500), six access points to

1276-802: The company: from grain silos and mills to local village shops. Among his best-known works for SOK are the Toppila mill (1929, pictured right ), the SOK Offices and Warehouse (1937-38) in Oulu , the SOK Offices and Warehouse (1931) in Rauma , and the Aitta Cooperative Shop (1933) in Sauvo . Today, many of these buildings are protected by law. The S Group also operates the Sokos chain of department stores , ABC service stations ,

1320-450: The general private brands Rainbow and Kotimaista for products made in Finland, and the no-frills X-tra range in partnership with Coop Trading — a Nordic purchasing organisation for co-operatives. Non-food products are marketed under the House name. The S Group has grown significantly in Finland in recent years, growing both organically and by acquisition. SOK has a key position in

1364-479: The ground served by 19 elevators (expandable to nine and 25), a service facility for commercial delivery vehicles, and ubi -screens that guide the driver to the selected ground access point and help locate the parked car by its license number. In 2015, the Kaleva Media printing plant in Oulu became the most powerful photovoltaic solar plant in Finland, with 1,604 solar photovoltaic (PV) units on its roof. Although

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1408-415: The history of Finnish architecture due to its policy in the late 1920s and 1930s of designing cutting-edge Modernist architecture , epitomized by a Functionalist aesthetic of white buildings. The style is called osuuskauppafunkis (Co-operative Store Functionalism) in Finland. The key architect designing for SOK in the initial years was Erkki Huttunen (1901–1956), who designed various types of buildings for

1452-409: The horizon. This gives Oulu white nights during the summer. FMI (record highs and lows 1961–present) Source 3: weather2travel.com (average monthly UV index) The city of Oulu has 216,174 inhabitants, making it the 5th most populous municipality in Finland. The Oulu region has a population of 264,143, making it the fourth largest region in Finland after Helsinki , Tampere and Turku . Oulu

1496-533: The most populous city in Northern Finland. Oulu's neighbouring municipalities are: Hailuoto , Ii , Kempele , Liminka , Lumijoki , Muhos , Pudasjärvi , Tyrnävä and Utajärvi . Oulu is the third northernmost city in the world with a population of over 100,000, after Murmansk and Norilsk in Russia . Due to its large population and geopolitical, economic and cultural-historical position, Oulu has been called

1540-734: The now defunct metal band Sentenced , and one of the best ice hockey teams in Europe, Oulun Kärpät . Many artists, writers, and musicians live in the city. A variety of concerts – rock, classical, and jazz – as well as other cultural events take place each year. Examples include the Oulu Music Video Festival , the Air Guitar World Championships , and the Musixine Music Film Competition, all in August. In July,

1584-429: The population. There are 13,986 residents who were born abroad, which or 6.5% of the population. The number of foreign citizens in Oulu is 9,405. Most foreign-born citizens come from the former Soviet Union , Sweden, Iraq , China and India. The relative share of immigrants in Oulu's population is below the national average. Nevertheless, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase

1628-674: The proportion of foreign residents in the coming years. In 2023, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 67.2% of the population of Oulu. Other religious groups accounted for 1.9% of the population. 30.9% of the population had no religious affiliation. Oulu, as well as other parts of North Ostrobothnia, is well known as a strong support area of the Conservative Laestadianism revival movement . A Laestadian background has been estimated to be common in construction sector management. Oulu

1672-473: The sums spent in S Group stores, Bonus is paid back to the client into the account at S-Bank. The Bonus percentage varies from 1% to 5% depending on the sum spent. S-Bank pays an interest that is competitive with interests paid by general banks into savings accounts. S-Etukortti is not a regular "loyalty card" as it represents actual monetary investment and the return is formally profit, not discount. In 2012, 35 Members of Parliament were representatives in

1716-451: The world. The typical features are cold and snowy winters with short and mild summers. Average annual temperature is 3.3 °C (37.9 °F). The average annual precipitation is 477 mm (18.78 in) falling 105 days per year, mostly in late summer and fall. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Oulu was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) in July 1957, while the coldest temperature on record

1760-470: Was founded on 8 April 1605 by King Charles IX of Sweden , and granted city privileges in 1610. In 1765, Oulu received township rights granting them to trade outside of Sweden. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009. In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city, especially the city centre as most of the city was made from wood. The architect Carl Ludvig Engel , chiefly known for

1804-417: Was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas , Kiiminki , Oulunsalo , and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013. Oulu has a subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc , Trewartha Eolo ), bordering a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb , Trewartha Dclo ). It is the largest Finnish city entirely in this climatic zone as well as one of the largest such in

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1848-621: Was the site of the Battle of Oulu on 3 February 1918 between the Whites and the Reds during the Finnish Civil War . Oulu is located in northern Finland, a considerable distance from the other cities in the country. It is located 607 kilometres (377 mi) north of the capital city Helsinki . Mainland Finland's northernmost and southernmost points are roughly equidistant from Oulu. Oulu's coast sits at

1892-488: Was the site of the 2018 Oulu child sexual exploitation scandal . Prime Minister Juha Sipilä declared that "Sex crimes against children are inhumane acts of incomprehensible evil." As of 31 December 2008, the active working population was employed as follows: In 2011, the most important employers were: The best known cultural exports of the city of Oulu are the Air Guitar World Championships held annually in August, Mieskuoro Huutajat (also known as Screaming Men ),

1936-478: Was −41.5 °C (−42.7 °F) in February 1966. Due to Oulu's far northern location, and its frequent overcast skies, it only sees on average 15 minutes of sunshine per day in December. During the winter solstice days only last 3 hours and 34 minutes with the sun rising 1.9 degrees over the horizon. On the other hand, during the summer solstice days last 22 hours and 3 minutes, with the sun dipping 1 degree below

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