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80-499: Lào Cai and Sa Pa are two important cities within the province at the border with China; the former is well known as key trading post and the latter is hill station famous for tourism, in the Northwest region of Vietnam . Lào Cai is also the capital of Lào Cai province and shares border with the city of Hekou , in the Yunnan province of Southwest China . This border town was closed after

160-459: A karst style of weathering. These formations are currently being quarried for road building. The valley floor is characterised by schist and, to a lesser extent, gneiss . The granitic intrusion extends from the Muong Hoa River to the summit ridge of Fansipan and beyond. Due to the high humidity and rainfall in the area, chemical weathering is prevalent. This is reflected in the clay nature of

240-544: A 1929 survey conducted in the area, the fauna (mammals) recorded by the French biologist Delacour who accompanied Theodore Roosevelt were: the clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebuiosa ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ), tiger ( panthera tigris ), binturong ( Arctictus binturong ) and black gibbon ( Hylobates concolor ), the stump-tailed macaque ( Macaca arctoides ), and Asiatic black bear ( Selenarctos thibetanus ). In Sa Pa forests, 150 species of birds were recorded such as

320-479: A 1929 survey conducted in the area, the vegetation (flora) and fauna (mammals) recorded by the French biologist Delacour who accompanied Theodore Roosevelt were unique to the region in northern Vietnam. The name " Lao-Kay " has been used by the French since the colonial era in their writing, pronounced as "Lào Cai" by the Vietnamese. The latter became official usage and spelling after November 1950. The origin of

400-568: A density of 94 persons per square kilometre over a total land area of 6,383.9 square kilometres (2,464.8 sq mi) of the province. The male population during this period was 303,300 with females accounting for 299,000. The urban population was 125,900 against an urban population of 476,400 (about 25% of the rural population). The province has 25 of Vietnam's ethnic minority groups accounting for 64.09% of its population. The largest ethnic groups are: Vietnamese - 35.9%, Hmong - 22.21%, Tay - 15.84%, Dao -14.05%, Giay - 4.7%, Nùng 4.4% and

480-469: A few meters in height. Higher still, only the hardiest of plant species are found. At over 3000 meters, Fan Si Pan's summit can only support dwarf bamboo. The Hoang Lien Mountains lie at the south-eastern extent of the Himalayan chain. The national park is located on the north-east flank of these mountains and includes Vietnam's highest peak, Fansipan, at 3,143 m (see map). The lowest point is 380 m but most of

560-653: A length of 130 kilometres (81 mi). Other rivers of significance are the Chay and Nam Ti Rivers . Much of the province is heavily forested. Ground water resources have been estimated reserves as 4,448 million cubic metres out of which good quality water is estimated as 30 million cubic metres. In addition, there are four mineral water sources. The province has rich mineral resources, 30 types have been identified with good reserves. The major valuable mineral reserves are: Copper (53 million tons), molybdenum (15 million tons), apatite and iron (2.5 billion tons). There are 150 mines in

640-474: A marked wet season from May to September, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in July and August. Mean annual rainfall is 2,779 millimetres (109.4 in), with a high of 4,023 millimetres (158.4 in) and a low of 2,064 millimetres (81.3 in). Humidity ranges from 75 to 91 percent with a yearly mean of 87 percent. The climate varies considerably within the national park. The prevalent wind direction for most of

720-570: A part of Muong Khoa, Than Thuoc communes, Than Uyen district. The total peripheral area, the Hoang Lien Son-Van Ban section, is 38,724 hectares (149.51 sq mi), consisting of Sa Pa town and a few communes within Sa Pa and Van Ban districts, Lao Cai Province; and 2 communes within Phong Tho district, Lai Chau. There are six ethnic groups living in this area, with Dao and H'mong people being

800-504: A quantum jump, from 4200 in 1995 to 176,310 in 2002. Lào Cai is popular among Chinese travellers (males, in particular) who are said to be "obsessed with Zhao Xiaojie ("looking for misses") for its sex market. A male tourist from China made a mention: "There is a common saying in China: Vietnam sacrifices one generation of young women for the well-being of the next three generations." A popular motorbiking route among tourists that covers

880-422: A range of very distinct habitats around Sa Pa. Especially important is Sa Pa's geographic position, at the convergence of the world's 14 "biomes" (distinct biographic areas), producing an assemblage of plant and animal species unique in the world. The Hoàng Liên Mountains are home to a rich variety of plants, birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and insects, many only found in north-western Vietnam. For this reason,

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960-507: A subtropical climate in the summer and a temperate climate during the winter. Under the Köppen climate classification , Sa Pa has a subtropical highland climate ( Cfb ), above the sea level by nearly 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Mean annual temperature for Sa Pa town is 15.3 °C (59.5 °F), with a maximum of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) and a minimum of −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) on 4 January 1974. The warmest months are July and August, and

1040-592: Is 296 kilometres (184 mi), of which 62 kilometres (39 mi) is in the province, and links to Chinese railways at the border. It can carry 1 billion tonnes of freight per year and thousands per day. Plans for a high-speed rail link between Hanoi and Lào Cai has been investigated by the Ministry of Transport and the Asian Development Bank . This is expected to create a high-speed rail corridor from Kunming – Lào Cai – Hanoi – Haiphong. Red River flowing through

1120-456: Is a district-level town of Lào Cai Province in the Northwest region of Vietnam . The town has an area of 685 km (264 sq mi) and a population of 70,663 in 2022. The town capital lies at Sa Pa ward . It is one of the main market and touristic towns in the area, where several ethnic minority groups such as Hmong , Dao (Yao) , Giáy , Xa Pho , and Tay live. Sa Pa is subdivided to 16 commune-level subdivisions , including

1200-654: Is a national park within Hoang Lien Son Range , in the districts of Sa Pa and Than Uyên of Lào Cai Province , and part of Phong Thổ District in Lai Châu Province in Northern Vietnam. Its area is 68,569 hectares (264.75 sq mi) with terrain mostly between 1,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level. The national park was established according to the Decision number 90/2002/QĐ-TTg dated 12 July 2006 by

1280-555: Is a booming city with a community of millionaires. Since 2006, Lào Cai has had city status and is the largest town in the region. An airport is planned to be built by 2020. Lào Cai is subdivided into 9 district-level sub-divisions: They are further subdivided into 8 commune-level towns (or townlets), 144 communes, and 12 wards. Communes (xã) : Bản Hồ, Hoàng Liên, Liên Minh, Mường Bo, Mường Hoa, Ngũ Chỉ Sơn, Tả Phìn, Tả Van, Thanh Bình and Trung Chải. Traditional economic activities such as agriculture and forestry remain important, but

1360-481: Is a hub of cultural activities of various ethnic minorities in the region, such as the Hmong and Dao people used to gather during the weekly market to "attend an ephemeral "Love Market" where young men and women chose partners to marry. It is 38 km away from the border town of Lào Cai. Visit to Sapa town is said to be more popular among visitors from Western countries in view of its attraction of ethnic tribals. In fact,

1440-582: Is a melting pot of cultures and history. Ethnic Vietnamese are the majority, especially since 1960 when the North Vietnamese government followed a policy of settling communist party cadres from lowland areas in upland areas, then predominantly occupied by tribes. According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Lào Cai province, as of 2008, was 602,300 with

1520-594: Is dwarf bamboo. This habitat is confined to the highest ridges of the Fansipan massif, at altitudes above 2,800 m. [Pekan Budaya di Sapa Vietnam Merayakan 120 Tahun Pariwisata] https://intrend.id/pekan-budaya-di-sapa-vietnam-merayakan-120-tahun-pariwisata/ 22°20′26″N 103°49′51″E  /  22.34056°N 103.83083°E  / 22.34056; 103.83083 Ho%C3%A0ng Li%C3%AAn National Park Hoang Lien National Park ( Vietnamese : Vườn quốc gia Hoàng Liên , also known as Hoàng Liên Sơn, Dãy Hoàng Liên )

1600-583: Is located in the Hoàng Liên Sơn and the Hoàng Liên National Park . The Sa Pa Mountains form the western part of the province. While the province is drained by over 100 rivers, the main river that bisects the province is the Red River , ( Vietnamese : Sông Hồng ), the most significant river of northern Vietnam, which flows out of China towards the capital Hanoi . It flows through the province over

1680-401: Is mostly mountainous, it experiences a dry cold climate from October to March, while the tropical monsoon is rainy season, which lasts from April to September. The annual average temperature is 23 °C (73 °F). The temperature generally ranges between 18 °C (64 °F) and 28 °C (82 °F) in the lowland areas and between 20 °C (68 °F) and 22 °C (72 °F) in

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1760-441: Is mountainous. Their staple foods are rice and corn. Rice, by its very nature of being a labour-intensive crop, makes the daily fight for survival paramount. The unique climate in Sa Pa has a major influence on the ethnic minorities who live in the area. With sub-tropical summers, temperate winters and 160 days of mist annually, the influence on agricultural yields and health-related issues is significant. The geographical location of

1840-608: Is planned in Bao Yen District . The provincial city is connected by road, rail and river transport links with Hanoi on its northwest (340 kilometres (210 mi)) and to Yunnan province in China. Within the province, road links exist to Sa Pa and Bắc Hà . The Haiphong railway to Yunnan is of strategic importance. There are four national highways totaling to a length of 400 km, provincial roads of about 300 km length and 1,000 km of village roads. The Hanoi–Lào Cai railway

1920-505: Is sourced to "Lao Kai" which appeared as Jean Dupuis led a naval expedition up the Red River and in 1879 published the Map of Tonkin, in which the location was marked as " Lao-kai, residence du Chef des Pavillone noirs " (residence of the Head of Black Flag Army ). According to Professor Đào Duy Anh , it derives from the word "Lão Nhai". While making maps, the French wrote it as "Lao-Kay" and this word

2000-514: Is still intact. It has now become popular and a novel experience among both Chinese and Vietnamese as a tourist destination, particularly a "sexualized and sensualised" border town of Lào Cai. Special border travel packages for tourists, arranged between China and Vietnam under the present political set up in Vietnam, has relaxed regulations permitting tourists to visit selected locations under conducted tours to places in Northern Vietnam and particularly to

2080-548: Is the highest peak in Vietnam. The park contains heavy forests and a rich biodiversity, although because of agricultural production of ginger and other land uses, today only about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) of the park is forested. 1884 migrating raptors have been recorded in the national park, which is stated to be a rarity in terms of numbers and the species varieties. The area was surveyed by French biologist Delacour in 1929 who had accompanied Theodore Roosevelt to an expedition in southeast Asia. He collected 48 mammal species for

2160-556: The Chicago Natural History Museum although most were shot. Sediments in the park date back to the Mesozoic era, whilst the granite is a Palaeocene intrusion. The northwestern boundary of the national park is made with a rugged boundary of marble and metamorphosed calcium carbonate . Lào Cai is one of the few mountainous provinces with well-developed transport networks consisting of roads, rail and waterways. An airport

2240-521: The Indochinese Peninsula . The total area of the core national park is 29,845 hectares (115.23 sq mi), which includes a strict protected area of 11,875 ha; a "forest rehabilitation area" of 17,900 ha; and an administration services area of 70 ha. The core part of Hoang Lien National Park is within San Sa Ho, Lao Chai, Ta Van, Ban Ho populated places, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai Province, and

2320-536: The government of Vietnam . This decision turned the Nature Reserve into a National Park. Hoang Lien National Park is recognized as a part of ASEAN Heritage Parks and a Centre of Plant Diversity in the International Union for Conservation of Nature 's (IUCN) Plant Conservation Program. Hoang Lien National Park is Vietnam's mountainous Northwest and includes Fansipan , the highest mountain in Vietnam and on

2400-454: The red-vented barbet ( Megalaima lagrandieri ), collared finchbill ( Spizixo semitoroues ), white-throated laughingthrush ( Garrulax albogularis ) and the chestnut bulbul ( Hypsipetes castanotus ); all species are considered exclusive to North Vietnam . Lào Cai has been known since ancient times as a historic trading post. Here, the Chinese, the Vietnamese and the ethnic minorities of

2480-587: The "Ch" sound of French, "Sh" in English, or "S" in standard Vietnamese, so Chapa as the French called it. In the following decade, the future site of Sa Pa township started to see military parties as well as missionaries from the Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP) visit. The French military marched from the Red River Delta into the northern mountainous regions as part of Tonkin's ‘pacification’. In 1894-96

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2560-619: The 1979 war with China, since reopened in 1993, has become a major tourist centre between Hanoi, Sa Pa and Kunming (China). Sa Pa is notable as a hill resort and market centre for the local ethnic Hmong, including the Red, Black, Green and Flower Hmong. Located across the Muong Hoa Valley from Vietnam's highest mountain, Fansipan, the city is sometimes referred to as the "queen of mountains". Lào Cai has many historical sites, natural caves and produces agricultural specialties such as Bắc Hà plums. In

2640-458: The 6 wards of: Cầu Mây, Hàm Rồng, Ô Quý Hồ, Phan Si Păng, Sa Pa , Sa Pả and 10 rural communes of: Bản Hồ, Hoàng Liên, Liên Minh, Mường Bo, Mường Hoa, Ngũ Chỉ Sơn, Tả Phìn, Tả Van, Thanh Bình and Trung Chải. Sa Pa was a frontier and market and capital of former Sa Pa District in Lào Cai Province in north-west Vietnam. It was first inhabited by people about whom nothing is known. They left in

2720-511: The French had established a Travel Bureau, as early as 1917, and the town was popular among the "French colonist" all through their rule as a hill resort. However, Sa Pa has gone through several rounds of destruction between 1947 and 1953, and again in 1979 due to war with French and Chinese. It has been partly restored and has gradually become a tourist hub since the region was opened to tourism in 1993. A good time to visit Sa Pa would be when rice fields in different green shades are being harvested in

2800-752: The Hmong-run social enterprise, Sapa O'Chau, organizes volunteer placements, such as English teaching, and for short or long-term periods. Vocational training by the Hoa Sua School also aims to increases skills and earnings potential for local residents. Hoàng Liên National Park is drained by the Muong Hoa and Ta Trung Ho rivers, which feed the Nam Po River and, finally, the Song Hong (Red) river. The forest has an essential role in water catchment protection, particularly

2880-524: The Hoàng Liên Nature Reserve was made a National Park in 2006, and covers much of the mountain range to the immediate south of Sa Pa. Forest type and quality change with increasing altitude. At 2000 meters the natural, undisturbed forest begins to be seen. Above 2500 meters dwarf conifers and rhododendrons predominate in the harsh “ elfin forest ”, so called because a lack of topsoil and nutrients means that fully mature trees grow to measure only

2960-503: The Kinh (Viet) people (15 percent) there are mainly five ethnic groups in Sa Pa: Hmong 52 percent, Dao 25 percent, Tay five percent, Giay two percent, and a small number of Xa Pho. Approximately 7,000 live in Sa Pa, the other 36,000 being scattered in small communes throughout the district. Most of the ethnic minority people work their land on sloping terraces since the vast majority of the land

3040-506: The Northwest to Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn in the Northwest. The Chinese suffered heavy casualties, but managed to take these cities due to fighting being done against primarily Vietnamese militia units and local border troops, with the core fighting element of Vietnamese army all being stationed in Cambodia. China decided to withdraw completely after less than a month and claimed that ‘the gate to Hanoi

3120-508: The Sa Pa, Mường Khương, Bắc Hà, Bát Xát districts of the province suitable for medicinal plants, fruit trees and vegetables; humus soil on the mountain occupies 11.42% of the land area mostly in Sa Pa district which has rich canopy of mixed forest; and the Oxisol color altered by rice in 2% of land area are formed into a landscape of terraced fields, as seen in Bắc Hà and Sa Pa districts. As the province

3200-551: The area makes it a truly unique place for many interesting plants and animals, allowing it to support many inhabitants. Many very rare or even endemic species have been recorded in the region. The scenery of the Sa Pa region in large part reflects the relationship between the minority people and nature. This is seen especially in the paddy fields carpeting the rolling lower slopes of the Hoàng Liên Mountains. The impressive physical landscape which underlies this has resulted from

3280-488: The border between China and Tonkin was formally agreed upon and the Sa Pa area, just to the south of this frontier, was placed under French authority. From 1891 the entire Lào Cai region, including Sa Pa, came under direct colonial military administration so as to curtail banditry and political resistance on the sensitive northern frontier. The first permanent French civilian resident arrived in Sa Pa in 1909. With its attractive continental climate, health authorities believed

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3360-467: The coldest months are December and January. Snow falls in some years on the highest peaks. It has snowed in the town itself in 1983, 2000, 16 March 2011, 15 December 2013, 19 February 2014, 24 to 26 January 2016, and 11 January 2021. According to statistics, in the period from 1971 to 2021, it has snowed in Sapa 21 times. In common with the rest of northern Vietnam, Hoàng Liên National Park experiences

3440-578: The cost of 25,000 lives of Vietnamese people who were conscripted labourers. In late 1978, the Vietnamese invaded Cambodia due to constant attacks resulting in massacres from the genocidal Khmer Rouge on Vietnamese soil. The Chinese, as allies of the Khmer Rouge invaded North Vietnam with the aim of "teaching the Vietnamese a lesson" to withdraw from Cambodia. The attack was launched by 200,000-600,000 People's Liberation Army personnel. They occupied territory from Paso (previously known as Phon Tho ) in

3520-605: The entire valley hundreds of petroglyphs, mostly composed of lines, which experts think date from the 15th century and represent local cadastres . Sa Pa is home to more than 200 pieces of boulders with ancient engravings. The "Area of Old Carved Stone in Sapa" has been in the UNESCO tentative list since 1997. Then came the highland minorities of the Hmong , Yao (Dao), Giáy, Pho Lu, and Tày peoples, still present in Sa Pa district today. The Kinh (lowland Vietnamese) never originally colonised this highest of Việt Nam's valleys, which lies in

3600-499: The fall season (September to November). The colours of the rice fields indicate the time for harvesting various plots. The women of the ethnic minority tribes who harvest the crops on the fields further accentuate the different green shades of the fields with their eye-catching red and indigo-coloured dresses. Lào Cai has many historic sites, natural caves and produces agricultural specialties such as Bắc Hà plums. Sa Pa (town) Sa Pa ( listen , also written as Sapa )

3680-500: The forest at high altitudes, which is frequently covered in cloud. Water condenses on the vegetation and falls as ‘occult’ precipitation. Occult precipitation makes a major contribution to stream-flow during the dry season when rainfall is low. The forest of Hoàng Liên National Park can be classified as belonging to 3 types: sub-montane dry evergreen forest, tropical montane deciduous forest and sub-alpine forest. The sub-montane dry evergreen forest, which occurs at lower altitudes, has been

3760-399: The highland areas. In Sa Pa town, however, the temperature can drop to less than 0 °C (32 °F) with snowy conditions. Fog and frost are a common phenomenon in the province. Lào Cai is a mountainous region. In the northwest of the province is Phan Xi Păng (also called Fansipan; elevation 3,143 metres (10,312 ft), snow covered during winter season), Vietnam's highest mountain. It

3840-642: The largest of their kind in the country. These include the apatite mine at Cam Đường with 2.5 billion tonnes, the iron mine at Quý Xa with 124 million tons, the copper mine at Sin Quyền with 53 million tons, the molybdenum mine at Ô Quy Hồ with 15,400 tons. In recent years the government of Vietnam has encouraged reforestation in the province, because of the importance of wood for fuel and development and for environmental reasons. Tree planting has been ordered particularly in Sa Pa . With more than 20 ethnic groups, Lào Cai

3920-459: The lower altitude of these areas. Humidity is relatively high all year round, between 83 and 87%. Sa Pa can get quite cold at night during winter. The geology of Hoàng Liên National Park includes metamorphosed sediments and a granitic intrusion. The metamorphosed sediments strike from north-west to south-east along the Muong Hoa valley. On the north-eastern side of the valley is a craggy ridge of marble and metamorphosed carbonate rocks that exhibit

4000-407: The lowlands started to migrate to the region. The short 1979 occupation of the northern border region by Chinese troops had little impact on Sa Pa town, but did force the Kinh (lowland Vietnamese) population out for a month. In 1993 the last obstacle to Sa Pa's full rebirth as a prominent holiday destination was lifted as the decision was made to open the door fully to international tourism. Sa Pa

4080-530: The majority. Hoang Lien National Park is home to numerous species of plants and animals, many of which are rare and endangered. Over 3000 plant species have been recorded in the park, including many endemic and endangered species. The mountainous terrain of the park means distinct altitudinal zonation is seen, with the flora changing from tropical plants at low elevations to temperate alpine plants at high elevations. An estimated amount of 25 percent of Vietnam's endemic plants are found on Fansipan mountain. At

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4160-485: The most heavily disturbed by the activities of man. In addition to the forest habitats, the national park contains large areas of agricultural land, scrub land and Savannah. Agriculture is concentrated at altitudes below 1,500m, in the bottom of valleys. Scrub land and Savannah areas are found where forest has been cleared: around the edge of cultivated areas and on ridge tops, which have been subjected to burning. A final vegetation type represented at Hoàng Liên National Park

4240-425: The mountain range has undersized vegetation with many bamboos and rhododendrons . The Hoang Lien National Park has only 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) of forest left as a result of anthropogenic pressure over centuries. Grass, bushes and small trees are seen on the land which are devoid of forests, and large areas are used for cultivation; ginger plantation, as a cash crop is widespread. According to

4320-456: The mountainous region of the province known as the "Tonkinese Alps", is to start from the White Thai villages, Sơn La , historic site of Dien Bien Phu and terminating at Sa Pa. Sa Pa is one of 21 national tourism areas in Vietnam. Sa Pa is at an altitude of 1,200–1,800 metres (3,900–5,900 ft), has a mild climate throughout the year, lush, forested and mountainous scenery, waterfalls and

4400-409: The national figure of 7,592 cooperatives, there are 19 cooperatives in the province, out of which 17 are agricultural cooperatives and one is a fisheries cooperative. There are only 253 farms as compared to the national number of 120,699. The output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 663 billion đồngs against the national value of 156,681.9 billion đồngs. In 2008,

4480-404: The national park lies above 1,000 m. The flanks of the mountains are very steep and many areas are almost inaccessible on foot. Between Fansipan Mountain and Sa Pa town, lies the Muong Hoa valley, which has been terraced for wet rice agriculture. This valley becomes wider towards the east of the national park. The climate of Hoàng Liên National Park is unique in Vietnam. It is highly seasonal, with

4560-541: The others belong to Phu La, San Chay, Ha Nhi , and the La Chi groups. Languages, other than Vietnamese, spoken in Lào Cai province include the following. The Hoàng Liên National Park is located within the province and was upgraded from a nature reserve in 2006. It covers an area of 24.66 square kilometres (30 km is also mentioned in some references) and contains the peak of Fan Si Pan, which, at 3,143 metres (10,312 ft),

4640-556: The park, including the Fansipan shrew mole . The population of mammals in Hoang Lien National Park is low due to poaching. In 1999, it is recorded that there are 347 bird species in and around the nature reserve, including 49 species that are restricted in Vietnam to North-west Tonkin. Fansipan is the type locality for the snake Protobothrops cornutus and about one-third of amphibian species present in Vietnam can be found in

4720-542: The process, nearly all of the 200 or so colonial buildings in or around Sa Pa were destroyed, either by Việt Minh sympathisers in the late 1940s, or, in the early 1950s by French air raids. The vast majority of the Viet population fled for their lives, and the former township entered a prolonged sleep. In the early 1960s, thanks to the New Economic Zones migration scheme set up by the new Socialist regime, new inhabitants from

4800-435: The province exploiting various minerals. Forests account for 2,789.07 kilometres (1,733.05 mi), accounting for 43.87% of the province's area, of which 2,292.97 kilometres (1,424.79 mi) is natural while the remainder is plantation forestry. The forests feature 442 species, including various types of birds, insects and frogs. The province has a rich forest reserve known for its many species of rare timber plants; some of

4880-673: The province has also been attempting to develop foreign investment in the area. Cross-border trade with China is also a growing source of income, as is tourism centred on trekking up the peak of Fansipan, Vietnam's highest mountain. Ecotourism is gaining ground. Agriculture and forestry constitute 78.07% of economic activity; fishing and aquaculture 0.04%, mining 1.62%; manufacturing 2.37%, power and water 0.22%, construction 3.29%, repairmen 3.48%; hospitality 0.90%, communications 1.31%; finance 0.21%, science and technology 0.05%;, education and research 3.57%; health and social work 0.69%; cultural activities 0.24% and several other small sectors. As against

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4960-501: The province produced 199,800 tonnes of cereals compared to the national production of 43.68 million tonnes. The per capita production of cereals in the province was 491.4 kilograms (1,083 lb) as against the national figure of 331.7 kilograms (731 lb) in 2008. In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 1,916.2 bill. đồngs against the national output of 1.47 million billion đồngs. Lào Cai has 150 mines or mining locations of 30 different categories, some of which are

5040-487: The province provides water transport facilities though its transportation capacity is limited. The planned Sapa Airport Project was approved by the government of Vietnam and will be built in this province in the Q4/2021. As Lào Cai province is mountainous and still developing, its natural environment is relatively environmentally unspoilt. This means that its potential as an ecotourism destination among Vietnamese and foreigners

5120-410: The province's name is unclear and there are several explanations. The area in the ward of Cốc Lếu was the site of an old commercial district that developed into a market town. Because of this it was called Lão Nhai (老街, literally Phố Cũ, Old Town), in Hmong language it is pronounced as "Lao Cai". After this a new market town was developed and named Tân Nhai (新街, today Phố Mới, New Town). The word Lào Cai

5200-459: The province, under ten land groups. The land groups are: The Alluvial group (1.47% of the land area) along the Red River is good for growing food crops and trees; the Oxisol type which occupies 40% of land area has generally reddish brown soil, below altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft), is a fertile land suitable for the annual and commercial crops; Team Red Yellow soil humus covers 30% land area in

5280-414: The provincial headquarter of Lào Cai; Lào Cai is the last stop before crossing into China on way to Kunming across the border, which lies at the end of the train line to China. Since then the Chinese tourists visiting Lào Cai on a one-day trip or two days trip including the hill station town of Sa Pa in the province (a popular five trip is also organized covering Lào Cai, Hanoi, Hạ Long and Hai Phong) recorded

5360-460: The region fought to gain control of the region. In 1463, the Viet Kings established Lào Cai as the capital of their northernmost region, then named as Hưng Hóa . It came under French colonial rule in 1889 and was their administrative town, and also served as a military garrison. In the early 19th century the first railway line was built from Hanoi to this region. It took seven years to complete but at

5440-457: The shadow of Phan-Xi-Pǎng (Fansipan, 3143 m), the highest peak in the country. It was only when the French arrived in highland Tonkin in the late 1880s that Sa Pa, the name of the Hmong hamlet, began to appear on the national map. Near to the now Sa Pa townlet is "Sa Pả commune", which shows the origin in Hmong language of the location name. Sa Pa is pronounced with "S" almost as soft as

5520-509: The site had potential. By 1912 a military sanatorium for ailing officers had been erected along with a fully fledged military garrison. Then, from the 1920s onwards, several wealthy professionals with enough financial capital also had a number of private villas built in the vicinity. At the end of the Second World War a long period of hostilities began in Tonkin that was to last until 1954. In

5600-648: The soil. Before the 1990s, the town's economy was mainly based on small size agriculture. Tourist arrival between 1995 and 2003 grew from a total of 4,860 to 138,622. On average, 79% of the visitors are Vietnamese and 21% are foreigners. The people of the Sa Pa area have been very poor even by Vietnam's rural standards. Efforts to improve the situation for the local people include both governmental and non-governmental initiatives. The government of Vietnam and foreign governments have contributed to local development programs. International non-governmental organizations, such as Oxfam, have also been involved in Sa Pa. Locally,

5680-426: The sun appears at sunrise) complete a very steep terrain. The town of Sa Pa lies at an average elevation of about 1,600 m (5,200 ft). The climate is moderate and rainy in summer (May—August), and foggy and cold with occasional snowfalls in winter. Sa Pa is a quiet mountain town and home to a great diversity of ethnic minority peoples. The total population of 36,000 consists mostly of minority groups. Besides

5760-473: The turn of the century, a total of 199 butterfly species had been observed in Hoang Lien National Park. For moths, the Tortricid Fansipaniana is named after the mountain, which is the type locality; other records include 78 species of sphynx moths and a total of 286 species of Noctuidae . There are ten species of animals and four species of birds which are globally endangered were recorded in

5840-574: The well known species are: po mu (fukiena), lat hoa ( chukrasia tabularis ), and cho chi , apart from many species of medicinal herbs. In the Fansipan mountain ranges, vegetation varies with altitude, with elevation above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) retaining the forests. In the elevation range of 2,500–2,800 metres (8,200–9,200 ft), which is the mist area, " elfin forest " is the dominant forest vegetation of "gnarled trees ( Tsuga yunanaris )" of less than 8 metres (26 ft) height covered with moss . Above 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) elevation,

5920-436: The work of the elements over thousands of years, wearing away the underlying rock. On a clear day, the imposing peak of Fan Si Pan comes into view. The last major peak in the Himalayan chain, Fan Si Pan offers a real challenge to even the keenest walker, the opportunity of staggering views, and a rare glimpse of some of the last remaining primary rain forest in Vietnam. Geology, climate and human activity have combined to produce

6000-412: The year is west to east, leading to cloud formation on the upper slopes of the Fansipan massif. These high-altitude areas are covered by cloud most days of the year and have very high humidity. Cloud also penetrates into the valleys but these areas are usually less humid than the mountain slopes. In the extreme east of the national park, around Ban Ho village, mean temperatures are considerably higher due to

6080-465: Was back on the tourist trail again, this time for a newly emerging local elite tourist crowd, as well as international tourists. Sa Pa is now in full economic boom, mainly from the thousands of tourists who come every year to walk the hundreds of miles of trekking trails between and around the villages of Dao villages of Ta Van and Ta Phin. In 2006, the Chairman of The People's Committee of Sa Pa Province

6160-545: Was elected to The Communist Party Central Committee as the youngest ever member (born in 1973). Sa Pa District is in Lào Cai Province, northwest Vietnam, 380 km northwest of Hanoi close to the border with China. The Hoàng Liên Sơn range of mountains dominates the district, which is at the eastern extremity of the Himalayas. This range includes Vietnam's highest mountain, Fan Si Pan, at a height of 3143 m above sea level. In addition, other mountains like Aurora & J (where

6240-452: Was open’ and that ‘their punitive mission had been achieved’. On the way back to the Chinese border, the PLA destroyed local infrastructure and homes, looted equipment and resources including livestock, weakening the already destabilised post-Vietnam War economy of Vietnam's northernmost provinces. The PLA completely pulled out on March 16. Both sides declared victory with China claiming their ‘mission

6320-453: Was successful’ and Vietnam successfully repelling a Chinese Invasion. Following the invasion, the border with China was closed for several years. The city of Lào Cai was devastated by the Chinese. The war also resulted in the planting of land mines that continue to inflict casualties along the border with China. The border town of Lào Cai, which lies along the Red River and is the provincial capital has now prospered due to trade with China and

6400-478: Was used by them in documents. When reading, the Vietnamese pronounced it Lào Cai and this has persisted since. Lào Cai province is located in the north of the country and has an area of 6,364.25 km (2,457.25 sq mi). It borders the provinces of Hà Giang , Yên Bái , and Lai Châu , as well as the province of Yunnan in the People's Republic of China . There are ten major soil groups under 30 categories in

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