Misplaced Pages

#925074

75-644: Lytton Hill is a heritage-listed signal station via South Street, Lytton , City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. It was built from 1859 to c.  1945 . It is also known as Lytton Redoubt, Reformatory, and Signal Hill. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000. Lytton Hill - also known as Signal Hill, Reformatory Hill, or the Lytton Redoubt - is highly significant in Queensland history. Strategically positioned at

150-690: A hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen: BSh), with very hot summers and mild winters with cool nights. Average maxima significantly vary from 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) in July to 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) in January. Mean annual rainfall, concentrated in the summer is low: 478.3 mm (18.83 in), and occurs within 45.2 rainfall days. The town is sunny, averaging 173.5 clear days and only 72.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −4.4 °C (24.1 °F) on 24 June 1949 and 11 July 1918 to 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) on 3 January 2014. St George has

225-467: A Customs Station nearby on the river. In February 1859 Warner officially surveyed sections 1 to 13 of the village of Lytton, as well as sites for a customs landing place and a signal station (possibly Lytton Hill). Between 1860 and 1863 some Lytton township allotments were alienated, mostly by Brisbane speculators who anticipated the development of wharf facilities at Lytton. Few private buildings were erected there. The Crown and Anchor Hotel at Lytton held

300-406: A concrete pathway (030); a concrete pit (032); a concrete culvert (034); a small timber-framed lean-to with corrugated asbestos cladding to three sides and a corrugated iron roof, damaged by fire (036); a north–south aligned bridge with east–west aligned culvert headwalls spanning a former drainage channel (042); a Y-shaped path and junction to the south and east of the butcher's shop/meat store (044);

375-528: A critical role in both navigation safety and commercial operation of fleets. As they were normally located in high places with extensive fields of view, surviving signal stations are often in scenic locations, and have become local landmarks. Signal stations used a variety of means to communicate shore-to-ship: Chappe Telegraph or other forms of pole-and-arm optical telegraph, flag semaphore , heliograph , slat semaphore , and port-specific signals (like flag and ball weather warnings). The most widespread method

450-518: A final sweep of the region in 1862, destroying Aboriginal camps and pursuing them as far as Angellala Creek where he "dispersed" them after a brief battle. The township of St George was gazetted upon a portion of the Burgorah run in March 1864 with the first 59 parcels of land offered for sale a month later. Andrew Nixon was contracted in 1890 by the Queensland government to build a timber bridge across

525-470: A flagpole (LH-020) comprising a galvanised iron upright with pulley, located northeast of the former cattle grid across the access road on the western side of the hill, and likely associated with a Second World War facility. Two corrugated galvanised iron tanks on concrete slabs (LH-015), aligned east–west, west of the tank stand, have collapsed and have been crushed and left as a pile of rusting iron. The site has numerous plantings associated with occupation of

600-399: A group of part-time schools (sharing a teacher between them). All three schools closed in 1922 due to low student numbers. Tow Towri State School opened circa 1931. It closed circa 1945. Towtowri is a local pastoral property. Rocky Crossing State School opened on 25 January 1988 and closed on 31 December 2003. It was 90 kilometres (56 mi) from St George. St Patrick's Catholic School

675-522: A hollow of a tree. Surrounding trees were marked and decorated. In 1845, pastoralist squatters John Gordon Town and Christopher Bagot entered the vicinity looking for land to take up for cattle. The local Commissioner for Crown Lands, Roderick Mitchell conducted an expedition along the Balonne River later that year, taking the name for the river from the Aboriginal residents. In 1846, the site where

750-730: A license in 1865-66 - about the time a government wharf adjacent to the Customs Reserve was built in 1866 to tranship railway stores and plant. From 1878 until c.  1905 the Lytton Hotel served local farmers and the annual military presence. Following separation from New South Wales in December 1859, the Queensland Government maintained Lytton's role as the customs entry to the Port of Moreton Bay. In 1860-61 an electric telegraph line

825-422: A month. In 1847, the first cattle stations were established: Burgorah (also known as Warroo, owned by Robert Fitzgerald and managed by Patrick Brennan); Boombah (owned by Henry Dangar and managed by George Hazard); Gulnarbar (owned by George and Anthony Loder, and managed by William Clay); and Wagoo (also known as Wachoo or Culpa, owned by William Ogilvie Jnr, and managed by Robert Hazard). Conflict with

SECTION 10

#1733093960926

900-420: A rival Aboriginal clan. Upon returning to Burgorah, they slaughtered the resident Aboriginal people, burying around 70 of their corpses in a large pit. In 1852, sweeps by the paramilitary Native Police began in the area. Sergeant Richard Dempster with property managers Patrick Brennan and others, shot at least five Aboriginal people on Wagoo. Later that year, a detachment under Lieutenant George Fulford drove

975-471: A shingled roof; kitchen wing; WCs; and a boundary fence enclosing 2 acres (0.81 ha). The Reformatory buildings on Signal Hill were erected in 1880–81, before work started on the redoubt, using day labour assisted by the Reformatory boys. Dormitory accommodation was provided for 120 boys, along with schoolroom, workshops, store-room, kitchen and other facilities. A large vegetable garden was established and

1050-417: A small rectangular concrete housing for metal taps (046); a concrete drain (047); a cast iron grate (moveable relic - 048); and fragments of earthenware piping near the quarry on the east side of the hill (049). In July 2000 there appeared to be little evidence of the collapsed galvanised iron tank and stand (LH-014) to the southwest of the former Post and Telegraph Office, identified in the 1994 survey; nor of

1125-580: A strategic and integral component of the 1880s military facility established at Lytton to defend the Brisbane River; - associated with the conduct of a Boys Reformatory on the Hill from 1880 to 1899; - associated with the activities of the Queensland militia from the early 1880s to the early 1930s and with Queensland preparation for participation in the South African War; - the site of a military hospital during

1200-470: A superintendent's cottage was erected to the south of the Reformatory building, beyond the fortification earthworks. This cottage has been identified as an 1864 timber building - possibly moved from the Customs Reserve to Signal Hill c.  1880 . The 1873 Post and Telegraph Office remained within the Reformatory stockade, and the complex was completed and occupied early in March 1881. At this period, Signal Hill became known as Reformatory Hill. Following

1275-417: A useful post from which to observe semaphore messages from the prison on St Helena Island , which was not connected by telegraph. Sir George Bowen , on completion of his term as Queensland Governor and departure from Moreton Bay on 4 January 1868, officially named and designated Lytton as Brisbane's port. The telegraph line at Lytton appears to have been extended from the Customs Reserve to Signal Hill in

1350-619: A visitor information centre, cultural centre, swimming pool, showground, bowling and the St George Golf Club . The address of the golf club is Wagoo Road. It was opened in 1948. The town also has an airport, St George Airport . Balonne Shire Council operates a library in Victoria Street. The St George branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 73 Victoria Street. Christ Church Anglican

1425-507: Is also home to much other wildlife, including "at least 15 other species of native mammals, 12 species of amphibians, 31 species of reptiles, and at least 83 species of birds" as of 2024 . The refuge is completely fenced, to expel feral cats and other predators. Vegetation includes eucalypts such as silver-leaved ironbark and poplar box , along with white cypress pine and belah trees. Native grasses such as mulga mitchell grass and feathertop wiregrass grow at ground level. St George has

1500-461: Is at 133 Victoria Street ( 28°02′16″S 148°34′42″E  /  28.0378°S 148.5784°E  / -28.0378; 148.5784  ( Christ Church Anglican ) ). The St George Lutheran congregation hold their services at the Anglican Church. St George State School opened on 2 February 1874. In 1960 a secondary department was added which operated until St George State High School

1575-433: Is important because of its aesthetic significance. The place has aesthetic value for its sense of dramatic isolation and ruin within the surrounding well-ordered oil refinery, and for the panoramic views both from and to the hill. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The site is significant socially for its association with

SECTION 20

#1733093960926

1650-461: Is important in illustrating the evolution of Queensland's history, being: - a significant communication and observation post at the mouth of the Brisbane River from c.  1860 , illustrating the dependence of the Australian colonies on maritime trade and communications in the 19th century; - associated with the early and rapid adoption of the electric telegraph in Queensland in the 1860s/1870s; -

1725-563: Is located on freehold property owned by Caltex Australia Ltd, toward the eastern side of the Lytton Oil Refinery , with large oil and gas holding tanks to the north and west. The eastern side of the hill has been heavily quarried for land fill, and currently presents a red escarpment. The north and west sides of the hill have been cut back somewhat and the slopes modified to reduce water run-off and erosion. The principal surviving historical elements in mid-2000 include: Later structures on

1800-523: Is the only known surviving example of its age and type in Queensland, and is one of the earliest surviving purpose-designed post and telegraph offices in the State. The surviving section of the Redoubt is a rare example of a defence fortification built in Queensland in the 1880s. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history. As an archaeological site,

1875-449: The "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). [REDACTED] Media related to Lytton Hill at Wikimedia Commons Signal station Signal stations were the only practical mean of communicating with passing ships until the development of radio, and played

1950-561: The 2021 census , the locality of St George had a population of 3,130 people. The present township of St George was founded on the boundaries of three Aboriginal groups , the Mandandanji to the north, the Kooma to the south-west and the Bigambul to the south-east. These people of the Balonne River fished with hoop nets and hunted ducks and marsupials for meat. They supplemented their diet with

2025-704: The Wombat Foundation . Fifteen of the wombats were relocated from Epping Forest National Park in early June 2024. The Richard Underwood Nature Refuge (RUNR) is also near St George, and as of June 2024 is home to 18 wombats. The area, which lies along the banks of the Balonne River , was gazetted in 2008 as wombat habitat, and the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) took on the lease in October 2023. The landowners are Ed and Gabrielle Underwood. It

2100-470: The "Russian scare" of March 1885 (the mobilisation of British and Russian troops along the Russia-Afghanistan border), Colonel George Arthur French , Commandant of the newly created Queensland Defence Force , took the opportunity to complete the fortification of the redoubt on Reformatory Hill, without which Fort Lytton was vulnerable to attack from land. To this end the stockade fence on the south side

2175-546: The 1994 report may or may not survive, including: a large rectangular concrete slab with part of a stone wall base along the north side, adjacent to the brick section of the former signals building, and known to have been extant by 1890 (LH-043); a concrete pier (001); iron posts (009, 022); a concrete footing (011); an iron water pipe (013) near the service wing of the former telegraph office; a small earthwork (016); collapsed timber and wire fencing (017, 033); concrete slabs (007, 025, 026, 029, 035, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 045, 050);

2250-545: The Balonne River at St George's Bridge. This was completed in 1892 and later replaced by the current Andrew Nixon bridge and Jack Taylor Weir in 1953. The first St Patrick's Catholic Church was built in 1874; it is now known as the old parish hall. On 3 May 1959 the new St Patrick's Catholic Church was blessed and opened. The Balonne Beacon newspaper was published in St George from 2 January 1909 to 29 December 1954. The St. George Standard and Balonne Advertiser newspaper

2325-560: The Bay. In 1857 the New South Wales colonial government began to investigate the suitability of establishing a customs station at the south head of the Brisbane River (present-day Lytton). In August 1857, surveyor James Warner completed a preliminary survey of a site for a village at the south head, which was approved in November 1858, and in December 1858 tenders were called for the construction of

Lytton Hill - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-498: The Brisbane River be defended with the establishment of a fortification and redoubt at Lytton, commanding lines of submarine torpedoes across the shipping channel at this point. Jervois recommended that the redoubt (an independent fortlet commanding Fort Lytton) be established on Signal Hill, which he considered would be an excellent point whence to watch the movements of an enemy in Moreton Bay. In July 1878, Scratchley recommended that

2475-613: The First World War; - the site of a strategic signals station during the Second World War; - the site of the Control Tower for the Port of Brisbane in the late 20th century. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The site has rarity value, not least for its layering of strategic communication, observation and defence roles for over 130 years. The 1873 former Telegraph Office

2550-605: The Lytton Defence Reserve of 120 acres (49 ha) (48 hectares (120 acres)) was finally gazetted late in 1887, it included Reformatory Hill, Fort Lytton, and possibly part of the Customs Reserve. By 1901 the Defence Reserve had been extended to 640 acres (260 ha) (259 hectares (640 acres)) following the resumption (in two stages: 1891 and 1900) of Lytton township for defence purposes. In the early 1900s this land and all military structures at Lytton were transferred to

2625-539: The Lytton Redoubt. The fortifications on Lytton Hill remained in use until at least the early 1900s, when Queensland troops camped and trained on the slopes of Lytton Hill for active service in the South African War (1899-1902). The preparations for war was the longest continual use of the Lytton defensive positions since they were constructed in the 1880s. Some improvements to Lytton Hill were made at this time, including

2700-558: The Reformatory now be removed. Finally in 1899, just prior to Federation , tenders were called for the removal of the Reformatory buildings from Lytton and their re-erection, with additions, at Westbrook near Toowoomba . The Lytton Redoubt was used as a semi-permanent military camp from 1881 until the early 1930s, principally during the Queensland Defence Force's annual Easter Encampments, at which militia from all over Queensland gathered at Lytton to practice manoeuvres. When

2775-478: The construction a 20-stall timber stables building in 1901–02, and in 1903 the erection of a tent store and barbed-wire entanglement around the Redoubt. Subsequently, the site deteriorated, prior to its re-occupation by the military during the First World War (1914–18). In 1917 a dermatological hospital for Australian Infantry Forces and huts for men and officers were erected at Lytton Hill. Between 1919 and 1931

2850-584: The defence complex. Despite some political debate, the Queensland colonial government voted to proceed with Jervois' and Scratchley's recommendations for the defence of Brisbane. Plans for the defence complex at Lytton were prepared in the Queensland Colonial Architect 's office, and approved by Jervois in February 1879. The redoubt on Signal Hill was to include a large, single-storeyed, hardwood-framed, Reformatory building with chamferboard walls and

2925-489: The development of military culture in Queensland from the 1880s to the 1930s; and as the site of the Reformatory where boys were educated and trained in Queensland in the last two decades of the 19th century. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from

3000-521: The early 1870s, when in 1873 tenders were called for the construction of an electric telegraph station and residence on the hill. This was a double-gabled timber building which combined office and residence, and a detached kitchen house at the rear, erected at a cost of £ 534. The style was the forerunner of the most common 19th century type of post and telegraph office, with decorative finishes to verandah fascias, and sun hoods. Only four of this type of post and telegraph office were constructed in Queensland -

3075-576: The electric telegraph was extended from Lytton via Cleveland and undersea cable to Dunwich on Stradbroke Island and north to Cape Moreton on Moreton Island . It is possible that Lytton Hill was functioning as a signal station as early as 1859, semaphoring news of the movement of ships to and from Moreton Bay to the Customs Station below, and from 1861, to the Lytton Telegraph Office. From 1866, Signal Hill, as it became known, also proved

Lytton Hill - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-464: The first Ravenswood Post Office , both erected in 1873 and both substantially modified. From 29 April 1876, the Lytton Telegraph Office also functioned as a post office. In the 1880s, telegraph lines were extended from Lytton to the Pile Light (constructed 1883) in Moreton Bay and to Fort Lytton. The history of Lytton Hill from 1880 is closely associated with the establishment of a military facility in

3225-533: The flats adjacent to the Lytton Quarantine Station (established 1913–15) were used as Brisbane's first airfield, and it has been suggested that Lytton Hill may have acted as an air traffic control observation station. This has yet to be substantiated. During the Second World War (1939–45), Lytton Hill was occupied by military signallers and engineers. A number of concrete structures were erected on

3300-561: The following heritage-listed sites: The town is a centre for cotton growing, as well as sheep , wheat , onions , garlic , corn , carrots and grapes . Powrunna State Forest is near St George. It includes a secure reserve to provide habitat for the critically endangered northern hairy-nosed wombat which is inaccessible to the public. The reserve was established in 2024 as a partnership between Queensland's Environment Department, Gunggari Native Title Aboriginal Corporation and Gunggari native title holders, Glencore mining company, and

3375-453: The former Post and Telegraph Office was vandalised in 1994, resulting in loss of interior casement windows, doors, light fittings and fireplace surrounds and grates. Lytton Hill is a small, low hill located about 250 metres (820 ft) south and west of Crab Creek, near the mouth of the Brisbane River. It is situated east/southeast of Fort Lytton and commands views over the Fort and Moreton Bay. It

3450-490: The free Aborigines into the "back country". Some Aboriginal people were allowed to remain on the properties to be utilised as labourers and prostitutes. These were called "station blacks" and by 1855 there were around 40 remaining on Burgorah and 200 at Boombah. By 1862, Burgorah and Gulnarbar were being utilised as a temporary Native Police barracks where Aboriginal prisoners were tied to trees and flogged, and occasionally shot dead. Lieutenant John Marlow and his troopers made

3525-399: The hill for the use of the pilot service. It was staffed on a 24-hour basis, seven days a week. Lytton Hill remained part of the Lytton Defence Reserve until title to the reserve passed to Ampol Refineries in 1963. Subsequent construction of the oil refinery and holding tanks has removed most traces of the Second World War defence installation, which included an airfield, with the exception of

3600-422: The hill has the potential to reveal traces of occupation from Separation until the present. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The 1873 former Telegraph Office is the only known surviving example of its age and type in Queensland, and is one of the earliest surviving purpose-designed post and telegraph offices in the State. The place

3675-402: The hill in association with this use. In addition, the c.  1880 s brick store at the north end of the hill was remodelled as a signals building, and a timber wing added. After 1945 the Lytton defence facilities were virtually abandoned, but military authorities maintained Lytton Hill as a communications base into the 1950s. In 1954 a wireless station with radar facilities was erected on

3750-403: The hill since at least 1873. A mature Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay Fig) to the northeast of the former Post and Telegraph Office may pre-date non-indigenous occupation. Lytton Hill was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Lytton Hill

3825-784: The junction of several highways including the Castlereagh Highway , the Moonie Highway , the Carnarvon Highway and the Balonne Highway . The only crossing of the Balonne River is the Andrew Nixon Bridge on the Balonne Highway. In the 2016 census , the locality of St George had a population of 3,048 people. In the 2021 census , the locality of St George had a population of 3,130 people. St George experiences

SECTION 50

#1733093960926

3900-412: The local Aboriginal people over land and the killing of cattle ensued with around 40 Aboriginal people and up to nine whites being killed on Burgorah in 1849, Patrick Brennan being wounded in the leg by a spear. Aboriginal men later counter-attacked the stockmen on Burgorah, forcing them to flee to the nearby Boombah property, where Dangar's men were able to reinforce and arm both the stockmen and members of

3975-466: The locality. In 1876, in an unprecedented act of colonial cohesion, the principal Australian colonies commissioned military experts General William Francis Drummond Jervois and Colonel Peter Scratchley , both of the Royal Engineers , to advise on colonial defences. As a consequence of their reports, a system of east coast seaboard fortifications was adopted, including Jervois' 1877 recommendation that

4050-573: The morning of 5 February (Sunday). The Balonne River reached a height of 13.85 metres on Tuesday 7 February. St George is a town and locality in the Shire of Balonne , situated 513 kilometres (319 mi) due west of Brisbane and the Gold Coast , and sits just inside the region of South West Queensland , Australia. St George is on the Balonne River which is reputedly an excellent fishing site for fish such as Yellowbelly and Murray Cod . It sits at

4125-522: The mouth of the Brisbane River , the hill has been used as a customs lookout, signal and telegraph station, observation post and redoubt commanding the Fort Lytton defence complex, and boys' reformatory. The history of the Lytton district is closely aligned to the establishment during the 1840s and 1850s of the Port of Moreton Bay at Brisbane Town , on the Brisbane River, rather than at Cleveland on

4200-602: The much more famous NRL team ) play in the Roma District Rugby League competition. St George gained national attention with the election of local accountant Barnaby Joyce to the Australian Senate following the 2004 federal election . It is also the hometown of National Rugby League player Dale Shearer . Sir Charles Kingsford Smith's father was also a resident being the Bank of New South Wales manager during

4275-484: The new Commonwealth Department of Defence , and the Post and Telegraph Office on Lytton Hill was transferred to the new Commonwealth Post Master General's Department. At this time the only other building identified on Lytton Hill was a military store, erected in 1898 at a cost of £ 515. This is thought to be the brick building extant at the north end of Lytton Hill, possibly replacing the building marked "store" on an 1886 plan of

4350-419: The occupants of the hulk Proserpine , a former gaol anchored in Moreton Bay which had been refitted c.  1871 as a boys' reformatory, be removed to buildings on Signal Hill as part of the defensible post to be established there. He considered that the Reformatory buildings would eventually form part of the hill defences, and that the boys could help with ground preparation and maintenance associated with

4425-464: The others being at Blackall (1883–84), St George (1885) and Cunnamulla (1889). The former Lytton Telegraph Office is the only one of these four remaining, and is also one of the earliest surviving, purpose-designed, post and telegraph office buildings in Queensland - pre-dated only by the former Cardwell Post and Telegraph Office (1870), and contemporaneous with the Mount Perry (Tenningerring) and

4500-501: The school had an enrolment of 180 students with 14 teachers (12 full-time equivalent) and 12 non-teaching staff (9 full-time equivalent). The St George show is celebrated every year over the Labour Day long weekend (weekend of the first Monday in May). Everyone is encouraged to go and locals have a great time sharing stories at the bar and watching the rodeo. The St George Dragons (named after

4575-590: The school had an enrolment of 221 students with 25 teachers (22 full-time equivalent) and 24 non-teaching staff (17 full-time equivalent). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 205 students with 28 teachers (23 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (16 full-time equivalent). Burgorah South Provisional School opened in 1902. On 1 January 1909 it became Burgorah South State School. It closed on circa 1917. Myrtlemount Provisional School, Warrie Provisional School and Hollymount Provisional School (all named after local pastoral stations) opened on 29 September 1919 as

SECTION 60

#1733093960926

4650-493: The school had an enrolment of 246 students with 25 teachers (24 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education (Early Childhood to Year 12) program. St George State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at 2 Victoria Street ( 28°01′49″S 148°35′34″E  /  28.0304°S 148.5927°E  / -28.0304; 148.5927  ( St George State High School ) ). In 2015,

4725-449: The site include a sheet and corrugated iron lined garage shed on a concrete slab, located to the southwest of the former telegraph office (010); and SEQEB substation SG1061 - a brick generator shed set on a concrete slab, with a corrugated iron roof and roller door entry (021). A pile of broken concrete to the southwest of the signals building suggests that some "tidying" of the site has occurred since 1994. A number of elements identified in

4800-427: The small native melons that grew in abundance in the area, and with yams dug out from the flats along the riverbanks. Their funeral rites consisted of constructing an elevated bark platform on which the deceased would be placed, with fires lit underneath to smoke and preserve the corpse. The mummified remains would then be wrapped in bark and possum cloaks and carried with care by the relatives until they were deposited in

4875-446: The telegraph-relay role of signal stations, a number of signal stations remain in operation in situations where static visual signals provide fast access to specific safety information, such as traffic signalling in ports and narrow passages, or navigational warnings. In Japan, signal stations in the form of lighted letter boards are extensively used to mark traffic conditions, one way flows and predominant currents. Most ports elsewhere in

4950-576: The top of Lytton Hill and a Second World War anti-aircraft position with concrete bunkers and gun emplacements, in the refinery grounds adjacent to Fort Lytton. For some years the post and telegraph office on Lytton Hill was occupied as a residence by an employee of the Ampol Refinery. The Port of Brisbane Authority designated Lytton Hill as the control for the Port of Brisbane c.  1980 , erecting an observation tower there to monitor Brisbane River and Moreton Bay shipping. A section of Lytton Hill

5025-436: The town of St George now stands was Major Thomas Mitchell 's Camp VIII of his expedition into northern Australia. He noticed the natural rocky ford across the Balonne River on St George's Day , 23 April, thereby naming the site St George's Bridge. He directed his second-in-charge Edmund Kennedy to construct a cattle depot there while he explored further north. Kennedy and his stockmen remained at St George's Bridge for around

5100-499: The world will use a form of the International Port Traffic Signals system. Tide gauges are usually classified as signal stations, as they provide immediate visual information of tide levels. St George, Queensland Download coordinates as: St George is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Balonne , Queensland , Australia. It is the administrative centre for the Shire of Balonne . In

5175-484: Was ceded from Ampol to the Port Authority for this purpose, but in the late 1990s the tower was removed and the land reverted to refinery ownership (now Caltex , with which Ampol merged in the 1990s). A 1994 field survey conducted by Austral Archaeology identified 50 archaeological elements visible on the surface of Lytton Hill, and all located above the 20 metres (66 ft) contour line. The bulk of these remain, but

5250-545: Was constructed from Brisbane to the Lytton Customs Station - the first telegraph line in Queensland built specifically for internal administrative use, to communicate shipping intelligence and meteorological observations from Moreton Bay. The Lytton Telegraph Office opened on 1 June 1861, the third to open in Queensland after Brisbane and Ipswich on the inter-colonial line, which had commenced operation in April 1861. In 1864

5325-760: Was established by the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart . The school opened on 19 February 1933. However, rain caused the official opening and blessing by Bishop James Byrne to be postponed to Sunday 28 May 1933. In 1988 the Sisters withdrew from the operation of the school and it is now under lay leadership. St Patrick's School is a Catholic primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 36–44 Balonne Street ( 28°02′07″S 148°35′11″E  /  28.0353°S 148.5865°E  / -28.0353; 148.5865  ( St Patrick's School ) ). In 2017,

5400-452: Was opened in 1978. St George State School is a government primary (Early Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Grey Street ( 28°02′16″S 148°34′51″E  /  28.0377°S 148.5807°E  / -28.0377; 148.5807  ( St George State School ) ). In 2015, the school had an enrolment of 217 students with 24 teachers (22 full-time equivalent) and 15 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent). In 2017,

5475-498: Was published from 1878 - 1879 and 1902 - 1904. The town was severely affected by flooding in March 2010 , which peaked at 13.5 metres, and again in December 2010 - January 2011 . Flooding once again occurred in February 2012, and about 2000 residents were mandatorily evacuated on 4 and 5 February to evacuation centres in Dalby and Brisbane . A temporary levee was built in St George on

5550-518: Was re-erected 20 yards (18 m) nearer the Reformatory, arrow-headed demi-bastions were formed at the northeast and southwest corners, a ditch was constructed around the fortifications, the trees in front of the redoubt were cleared, a telegraph line was installed from Signal Hill to Fort Lytton below, and ordnance were ordered. In much of this work, the Reformatory boys assisted. By 1887 the Redoubt had been completed, its armament had arrived (although never mounted in position), and French recommended that

5625-445: Was through different forms of flaghoist . Signals were often private signals, requiring local knowledge or code books. From the 1880s, Lloyd's operated a network of signal stations around the world, connected to telegraph land-lines, that served to relay orders from owners and obtain reports from ships' masters. Messages for passengers could also be sent using a flag semaphore, and light signals at night. While radio has superseded

#925074