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143-576: Route proposals for the extension in the early 2010s included paths along Interstate 5 (I-5) and State Route 99 (SR 99); a route preferred by Sound Transit on the latter alignment included an abrupt turn at the King–Snohomish county line to reach the Mountlake Terrace Transit Center and Mountlake Terrace's downtown . Despite the advocation of the SR 99 alignment from some urban theorists ,

286-626: A city, the solo driving rate is 82%. Some underused HOV lanes in several states have been converted to high-occupancy toll lanes (HOT), which offer solo drivers access to HOV lanes after paying a toll. HOV lanes are also an effective way to manage traffic after natural disasters, as seen in New York City after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. At the time Mayor Bloomberg banned passenger cars with fewer than three occupants from entering Manhattan. The restriction affected all bridges and tunnels entering

429-647: A daily average of over 274,000 vehicles in the mainline and express lanes. The least-traveled segment of I-5 is located at SR 548 in Blaine , with a daily average of 6,600 vehicles. I-5 through the Seattle metropolitan area is among the worst congested highways in the United States, with 78 percent of peak direction miles classified as "routinely congested" for seven to eight hours a day and an average annual delay of 55 hours for Seattle– Everett commutes. The freeway has

572-613: A direct off-ramp to the Federal Way Transit Center and The Commons at Federal Way shopping mall. The freeway travels north into western Kent , intersecting SR 516 near Highline College . North of Angle Lake , I-5 tracks eastward between the cities of SeaTac and Tukwila , passing east of Seattle–Tacoma International Airport . At the Westfield Southcenter shopping mall in Tukwila, I-5 intersects SR 518 ,

715-413: A federally-funded freeway under the new Interstate Highway System, under which I-5 was created in 1957. Construction of I-5 was completed in 1969, and several segments of the highway have been widened or improved in the decades since. Interstate 5 is the only Interstate to traverse Washington from north to south, serving as the primary highway for the western portion of the state. It is listed as part of

858-582: A freeway connecting east to Puyallup , before it reaches Tacoma. In Tacoma, the freeway passes the Tacoma Mall , turns east, and splits into collector–distributor lanes that run through central Tacoma and serve two interchanges: the terminus of SR 16 , which continues northwest over the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to the Kitsap Peninsula ; and I-705 and SR 7 , which serve downtown Tacoma,

1001-518: A maximum speed limit of 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) in rural areas and 60 mph (97 km/h) in urban and suburban areas, which includes a 100-mile (160 km) section between Tumwater and Marysville . I-5 enters Washington on the Interstate Bridge , a pair of vertical-lift bridges that span the Columbia River between Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington. The bridge

1144-501: A north–south freeway through Seattle that was later refined into the early concepts for Interstate 5 in the 1950s. A design from 1954 proposed an eight-lane facility from Downtown Seattle to Ravenna that would cost $ 194 million (equivalent to $ 1.75 billion in 2023 dollars) to construct. Alternate plans would have placed the freeway further east on 12th Avenue in Capitol Hill or along Empire Way , which would later be used for

1287-517: A passenger in order to use the HOV lane in New York State. A police officer on a routine HOV patrol became suspicious when he noticed that the so-called passenger was wearing sunglasses and using the visor on a cloudy morning. When the officer approached the vehicle, he discovered that the "passenger" was, in fact, a mannequin wearing lipstick, designer shades, a full-length wig, and a blue sweater. The driver

1430-504: A person as "natural persons and corporations". This argument was rejected in traffic court, where the presiding judge commented, "Common sense says carrying a sheaf of papers in the front seat does not relieve traffic congestion." In March 2015, a motorist tried to use a cardboard cutout of actor Jonathan Goldsmith to access an HOV lane in Fife, Washington . The officer noted that other drivers had used sleeping bags in earlier attempts to access

1573-412: A remote operations center that relies on CCTV cameras and an inspection and sweep for abandoned vehicles by a ground crew, who also set up safety nets during the 15-minute switch-over. Prior to a $ 6.6 million project to automate the gates and signage in 2012, the switch-over took 50 minutes in total. During snowstorms and severe cold weather, WSDOT keeps the express lanes open in one direction for

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1716-528: A set of collector–distributor lanes as the freeway crosses the Skookumchuck River and a set of railroad tracks on the northwest side of the city. US 12 leaves the concurrency at Grand Mound , heading west towards Aberdeen while I-5 continues north into Thurston County . North of Grand Mound, I-5 passes two interchanges with SR 121 , which forms a loop between two of the exits to serve Millersylvania State Park . The freeway travels through

1859-464: A set of flyer stops that are connected to SR 523 by a northbound loop ramp and southbound slip ramp. I-5 continues north through Shoreline , passing the King County Metro north bus base and several suburban neighborhoods before reaching Snohomish County . At the county line near Lake Ballinger , I-5 intersects SR 104 , a highway that connects to Lake Forest Park , Edmonds , and

2002-740: A successful trial. Odd plate numbers can enter former "3-in-1" areas on odd days and even plate numbers on even ones. In Shenzhen , HOV 2+ has been implemented on Binhai Avenue since 25 April 2016. The policy was then extended to 7:30 am – 9:30 am and 5:30 pm – 9:30 pm. In Chengdu , from January 23, 2017, HOV 2+ has been implemented on Kehua Road South, Kehua Road Middle, and Tianfu Avenue Section 1 and 2, during 7:00 am-9: 00 am and 5:00 pm-7: 00 pm. In Dalian , an expressway (Northeast Expressway, or Dongbei Expressway) linking old town and new town had one lane in both outbound and inbound directions set to HOV 2+. Starting from September 20, 2017, commuters can opt to drive in HOV lane on Northeast Expressway during

2145-627: A total of 224.0 mi (360.5 km) of HOV lanes. On October 24, 2023, Michigan opened its first-ever HOV lanes on a portion of I-75 in Oakland County from South Boulevard in Bloomfield Township to 12 Mile Road in Madison Heights as part of a freeway modernization project. One lane in both directions is restricted to HOV use from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday, while all other drivers regardless of

2288-477: A typical day. The segment in Downtown Seattle is also among the widest freeways in the United States, at 13 lanes, and includes a set of express lanes that reverse direction depending on time of the day. Most of the freeway is four lanes in rural areas and six to eight lanes in suburban areas, including a set of high-occupancy vehicle lanes in the latter. I-5 also has three related auxiliary Interstates in

2431-469: A vehicle, and an unborn child does not count towards this requirement. In 2009 and 2010 it was found that non-compliance rates on HOV lanes in Brisbane, Australia, were approaching 90%. Enhanced enforcement led to increased compliance, average bus journey times dropped by about 19%, and total person throughput increased by 12%. In February 2010, a 61-year-old woman tried to pass off a life-sized mannequin as

2574-460: A waterfront route. The first section, 5 miles (8.0 km) long and four lanes wide, opened to traffic on December 5, 1960, connecting with an existing expressway to Ferndale. The remainder of I-5 from Ferndale to the Peace Arch border crossing was upgraded in two stages, beginning with 11 miles (18 km) to Dakota Creek near Blaine that opened on October 29, 1963. The last section through Blaine

2717-646: Is Europe's oldest HOV facility that is still in operation. The first HOV facility in the United Kingdom opened in Leeds in 1998. The facility was implemented on A647 road near Leeds as an experimental scheme, but it became permanent. The HOV facility is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long and operates as a HOV 2+ facility. A 2.8 km (1.7 mi) HOV 3+ facility opened in Linz , Austria , in 1999. The first HOV lane in Norway

2860-499: Is a restricted traffic lane reserved for the exclusive use of vehicles with a driver and at least one passenger, including carpools , vanpools , and transit buses. These restrictions may be only imposed during peak travel times or may apply at all times. There are different types of lanes: temporary or permanent lanes with concrete barriers, two-directional or reversible lanes, and exclusive, concurrent, or contraflow lanes working in peak periods. The normal minimum occupancy level

3003-529: Is a second half-diamond interchange with SR 529 Spur on Everett Avenue, at which point the HOV lanes terminate and leave the freeway at six total lanes. I-5 continues north through a narrow trench in the Riverside neighborhood and passes Summit Park, a city park built using leftover land and excavated dirt from the freeway's construction. The freeway continues over the Snohomish River and descends into

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3146-416: Is a type of HOV lane that allows for all traffic to enter the lane for a short distance in order to access other streets and business entrances. Because some HOV lanes were not utilized to their full capacity, users of low- or single-occupancy vehicles may be permitted to use an HOV lane if they pay a toll. This scheme is known as high-occupancy toll lane (or HOT lanes), and it has been introduced mainly in

3289-535: Is joined by the BNSF railroad while continuing north towards Mount Vernon . The freeway narrows to four lanes within Mount Vernon and forms the boundary between the uphill suburban neighborhoods and downtown along the river. In downtown Mount Vernon, it intersects SR 536 in an interchange adjacent to the city's train station . At its next interchange, I-5 crosses the railroad and encounters SR 538 , which connects

3432-557: Is the only point on I-5 where vehicles have to stop for cross traffic, because of the lifts. On the north bank of the river, the freeway passes under a railroad viaduct carrying Amtrak's Empire Builder and intersects SR 14 . The interchange with SR 14, located west of Pearson Field and the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site , also includes ramps serving downtown Vancouver. I-5 continues north through suburban Vancouver and into Hazel Dell , passing

3575-437: Is two or three occupants. Many jurisdictions exempt other vehicles, including motorcycles, charter buses, emergency and law enforcement vehicles, low-emission and other green vehicles , and/or single-occupancy vehicles paying a toll . HOV lanes are normally introduced to increase average vehicle occupancy and persons traveling with the goal of reducing traffic congestion and air pollution . The introduction of HOV lanes in

3718-617: The A1 near Amsterdam . The facility did not attract enough users to overcome public criticism and was converted to a reversible lane open to general traffic after the judge in a legal test case ruled that Dutch traffic law lacked the concept of a car pool and thus that the principle of equality was violated. Spain was the next European country to introduce HOV lanes ( Spanish : Vehículos de Alta Ocupación, VAO ), when median reversible Bus-VAO lanes were opened in Madrid 's A-6 in 1995. This facility

3861-635: The American Association of State Highway Officials established a national highway system in 1926, designating most of the Pacific Highway north of Los Angeles as part of U.S. Route 99 (US 99). The highway's Washington segment would ultimately be completed four years later with the opening of several bridges between Everett and Marysville. It was also realigned in several areas to use newer cut-off roadways, bypassing older sections. The section between Burlington and Bellingham, historically on

4004-553: The American Motorcyclist Association , but have since been revised to comply with the federal regulations listed above. In some jurisdictions such as Ontario , Canada , taxicabs and airport limousines are allowed to use HOV lanes even when no passenger is present because that vehicle "will be able return to duty faster after dropping off a fare or arrive sooner to pick up a fare, thereby moving more people to their destinations in fewer vehicles". In Virginia,

4147-646: The Beacon Hill light rail tunnel near 1 Line's railyard and operating base. At the north end of SoDo and Beacon Hill, I-5 intersects I-90 , the state's major east–west freeway, forming a large interchange with ramps to T-Mobile Park and Lumen Field , two of the city's professional sports stadiums. North of the interchange, I-5 travels on an elevated viaduct over the International District and splits into collector–distributor lanes that serve exits to Downtown Seattle . The thirteen-lane freeway, among

4290-582: The Bellis Fair Mall . The freeway heads northwest and leaves Bellingham after passing Bellingham International Airport , entering the predominately rural part of the Fraser Lowland region. I-5 continues northwest along the railroad, crossing the Nooksack River on a pair of truss bridges near downtown Ferndale and reaching a junction with SR 548 north of the city. SR 548 continues along

4433-794: The Clark College campus and intersecting SR 501 at Fourth Plain Boulevard and SR 500 at Burnt Bridge Creek. I-5 intersects I-205 , the eastern freeway bypass of the Portland metropolitan area , in Salmon Creek near the Vancouver campus of Washington State University . From Salmon Creek, I-5 continues northwesterly and intersects SR 502 at the Gee Creek rest area west of Battle Ground . Its next interchange, in eastern Ridgefield , forms

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4576-526: The Interstate 66 in the suburbs of Washington, D.C. , are treated as an HOV during the rush hour in the primary direction of flow. The traffic speed differential between HOV and general-purpose lanes creates a potentially dangerous situation if the HOV lanes are not separated by a barrier. A Texas Transportation Institute study found that HOV lanes lacking barrier separations caused a 50% increase in injury crashes. A business access and transit (BAT) lane

4719-705: The National Ambient Air Quality Standards and gave the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) substantial authority to regulate air quality attainment. A final control plan for the Los Angeles Basin was issued in 1973, and one of its main provisions was a two-phase conversion of 184 mi (296 km) of freeway and arterial roadway lanes to bus/carpool lanes and the development of a regional computerized carpool matching system. However, it took until 1985 before any HOV project

4862-657: The National Highway System and the state's Highways of Statewide Significance program, recognizing its connection to major communities. I-5 has three auxiliary Interstate Highways within Washington: I-205 , an easterly bypass of Portland, Oregon , and Vancouver ; I-405 , bypassing Seattle via the Eastside ; and I-705 , a short spur into Tacoma . It was designated as the Purple Heart Trail in 2013 by

5005-667: The Newaukum River near the Uncle Sam billboard , a politically conservative message board and roadside attraction. I-5 and US 12 turn northwest to follow the river and pass along the western edge of Chehalis , where they intersect SR 6 . After passing the Chehalis-Centralia Airport , the freeway follows the Chehalis River to the western side of Centralia . I-5 and US 12 then intersect SR 507 and gain

5148-663: The Okanogan Country as the North Cascades Highway. In northern Burlington, I-5 intersects the southern end of SR 11 , which provides access to the western Chuckanut Mountains . I-5 crosses the railroad and the Samish River before reaching the Skagit Casino Resort and Skagit Speedway near Bow and Alger , located in the middle of the heavily forested Chuckanut foothills. The freeway then travels up into

5291-578: The Seattle Municipal Tower and adjacent to Seattle City Hall . The express lanes run through downtown and the Cascade neighborhood on the lower deck of I-5's southbound lanes, with ramps to the Pike Street at 9th Avenue (including a former exit to Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel 's Convention Place station ), and Stewart and Howell streets at Eastlake Avenue. After the ramps from Mercer Street,

5434-893: The Stillaguamish River and passes the Stillaguamish Indian Reservation and the Angel of the Winds Casino Resort . The freeway continues northwest through rural Snohomish County and intersects SR 532 east of Stanwood before crossing into Skagit County . From the Snohomish County line, the freeway turns north and descends into the Skagit Valley from Conway Hill, following the Skagit River that runs to its west. At Conway , I-5 intersects SR 534 and

5577-817: The Tacoma Dome , Tacoma Dome Station , and the Pacific Avenue corridor. East of the Tacoma Dome area, I-5 intersects SR 167 and crosses over the Puyallup River and a railroad carrying Sounder commuter trains . The freeway reaches Fife on the Puyallup Indian Reservation and intersects SR 99 , a section of former US 99 , at 54th Avenue East near the Emerald Queen Casino . After crossing Hylebos Creek, I-5 turns north and ascends from

5720-648: The Washington State Transportation Commission to honor wounded military veterans. The freeway runs through the most densely populated region of Washington state, with 4.6 million people living in the nine counties on the corridor, approximately 70 percent of the state's population. Several of the largest cities along the I-5 corridor are also connected by the parallel Cascades , a regional train service between Eugene, Oregon , and Vancouver , British Columbia, operated by Amtrak and funded by

5863-487: The peak direction ; the express lanes run in the median of the freeway between Downtown Seattle and Northgate, carrying 54,000 of the 270,000 vehicles on the Ship Canal Bridge on an average weekday, as measured in 2010. The express lanes split from I-5 near James Street, with ramps to the mainline near the northbound Seneca Street exit; the southernmost downtown exit is at 5th Avenue and Cherry and Columbia streets under

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6006-520: The ramp meter signal. Priority lanes can also be used by trucks, buses, and motorcycles, and the priority lanes can be used by carpoolers at any time. Eleven lanes were opened to electric vehicles in a one-year trial from September 2017. There are also several short T2 and T3 facilities in North Shore City operating during rush hours. In Jakarta, HOV 3+ is known as "Three in One" ( Tiga dalam satu ) and

6149-522: The state supreme court upheld the legislature's authorization and allowed the program to move forward. A separate bill in 1953 authorized planning for a toll highway between Tacoma and Everett to replace the nearly-complete Alaskan Way Viaduct and other urban streets with grade crossings and 19 total interchanges. The upgrade program was divided into 226 miles (364 km) of four-lane highway and 47 miles (76 km) of two-lane highway in rural sections between Marysville and Blaine. Construction on

6292-478: The 1970s. The section between northern Kelso and Castle Rock was improved to Interstate standards and widened to six lanes in 1976, which was followed by an expansion through Kelso that opened in 1981. The Kelso expansion project included relocating the freeway away from a mudslide-prone hill, transferring maintenance of the old alignment to the city government. A similar six-lane expansion project in Marysville in

6435-620: The 2 Line is extended in 2025. An infill station at Northeast 130th Street in Seattle was funded by the Sound Transit 3 package and is scheduled to open in 2026. Interstate 5 in Washington Interstate 5 ( I-5 ) is an Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States that serves as the region's primary north–south route. It spans 277 miles (446 km) across

6578-707: The Chuckanut Mountains and crosses into Whatcom County south of Lake Samish . The entire Skagit County section of I-5 is designated as the Skagit Valley Agricultural Scenic Corridor , a state scenic byway , in recognition of its agricultural industry. I-5 travels along the eastern shore of Lake Samish before turning west to follow Chuckanut Creek through a narrow valley formed by Chuckanut and Lookout mountains in Lake Samish State Park . At Lake Padden , it turns north and enters

6721-726: The Columbia River, passing through Kalama on the way towards Longview and Kelso . At the south end of Kelso, near the confluence of the Columbia and Cowlitz rivers, the freeway intersects SR 432 , which connects to Longview and the Lewis and Clark Bridge via SR 433 . I-5 continues north along the Coweeman River to the Three Rivers Mall , located east of downtown Kelso, where SR 4 terminates. Between Vancouver and Kelso,

6864-426: The HOV designation holds only at peak travel times or in the peak direction. ISTEA also provided that under the Interstate Maintenance Program, only HOV projects would receive the 90% federal matching ratio formerly available for the addition of general purpose lanes. ISTEA, in addition, permitted state authorities to define a high occupancy vehicle as having a minimum of two occupants (HOV 2+). As of 2009, California

7007-430: The HOV facilities on Highways 403 and 404 were saving 14–17 minutes per trip compared to their travel time before the HOV lanes opened. The MTO also estimated that almost 40% of commuters were carpooling on Highway 403 eastbound in the morning peak hour, compared to 14% in 2003, and 37% of commuters were carpooling on Highway 403 westbound in the afternoon peak hour, compared to 22% in 2003. The average rush hour speed on

7150-405: The HOV facility was 29 minutes, and 64 minutes in the general traffic lanes. As of 2012, the I-95 /I-395 HOV facility is 30 mi (48 km) long, extends from Washington, D.C. , to Dumfries, Virginia , and has two reversible lanes separated from the regular lanes by barriers, with access through elevated on- and off-ramps. Three or more people in a vehicle (HOV 3+) are required to travel on

7293-483: The HOV lane because the unborn child she was carrying in her womb justified her use of the lane, while noting that Arizona traffic laws do not define what constitutes a person. However, a judge subsequently ruled that to qualify as an "individual" under Arizona traffic laws, the individual must occupy a "separate and distinct" space in a vehicle. Likewise, in California, in order to use HOV lanes, there must be two (or, if posted, three) separate individuals occupying seats in

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7436-402: The HOV lane. In July 2022, a pregnant woman in Texas argued that her fetus counted as a passenger for the purpose of using the HOV lane following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision and Texas law subsequently considering fetuses people. According to 2009 data from the U.S. census, 76% drive to work alone and only 10% rideshare. For suburban commuters working in

7579-520: The HOV lanes is 100 km/h (62 mph), compared to 60 km/h (37 mph) in general-traffic lanes on Highway 403. Temporary HOV lanes were added to selections of 400-series highways in the Greater Toronto Area for the 2015 Pan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games . As of 2012, there are a few HOV lanes in operation in Europe. The main reason for this is that, in general, European cities have better public transport services and fewer high-capacity multi-lane urban motorways than do

7722-449: The Hawks Prairie industrial area, where it intersects SR 510 , a highway serving the Nisqually Indian Community and Yelm . I-5 continues northeast through the Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge towards DuPont on the east side of the Nisqually River in Pierce County . Immediately east of DuPont, I-5 travels through Joint Base Lewis–McChord , a major military installation that encompasses land on both sides of

7865-812: The I-5 alignment was ultimately favored as the faster option when Sound Transit selected in 2011, reducing the project's cost by $ 600 million; this also avoided potential controversy over land acquisition and construction on SR 99. In April 2015, the final environmental impact statement (EIS) for the extension was released, and a Record of Decision from the Federal Transit Administration was received in July 2015. The Lynnwood Link Extension begins at Northgate station in Seattle and follows I-5 with stations at Northeast 145th Street, Northeast 185th Street, Mountlake Terrace station , and Lynnwood Transit Center . The EIS also included accommodations for infill stations at NE 130th St and 220th St SW. In August 2017, Sound Transit announced that

8008-554: The Kitsap Peninsula via the Edmonds–Kingston ferry . The freeway continues through western Mountlake Terrace , passing the Mountlake Terrace Transit Center and its median bus station near 236th Street Southwest. Upon entering Lynnwood , I-5 turns northeast and follows the Interurban Trail , passing the Lynnwood Transit Center , which is connected to the HOV lanes via a set of direct ramps. The freeway then intersects SR 524 (196th Street Southwest) and its spur route on 44th Avenue West before heading towards Alderwood Mall . To

8151-504: The Northgate Mall, with a ramp to Northeast 103rd Street and the two remaining lanes merging onto I-5. The downtown entrances at Cherry, Columbia, and Pike streets are designated for HOV use only to encourage carpooling without affecting buses using the ramps. The express lanes typically carry southbound traffic from 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. and northbound traffic from 11:15 a.m. to 11 p.m. on weekdays, with an overnight closure from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. On most weekends,

8294-451: The Puyallup River Valley, entering King County and the city of Federal Way while parallel to SR 99. After passing under SR 161 at Kitts Corner near the Wild Waves Theme Park , I-5 intersects SR 18 , a freeway that connects to Auburn and Maple Valley . I-5 continues north past the former corporate headquarters of Weyerhauser to central Federal Way, where the freeway's high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV lanes) have

8437-464: The San Francisco Bay Area, Houston, and other HOV lane locations, commuters form sluglines where drivers pick up one or more passengers from a designated "casual carpool" or "slug lines" to drive on HOV lanes; the driver pulls over near the sluglines and shouts out their destination, and people in the line going to that destination enter the car on a first-come, first-served basis. Fines are usually imposed on drivers of non-qualifying vehicles who use

8580-406: The U.S. and Canada. However, at around 1.3 persons per vehicle, average car occupancy is relatively low in most European cities. The emphasis in Europe has been on providing bus lanes and on-street bus priority measures. The first HOV lane in Europe was opened in the Netherlands in October 1993 and operated until August 1994. Its facility was a 7 km (4.3 mi) barrier-separated HOV 3+ on

8723-451: The United States progressed slowly during the 1970s and early 1980s. Major growth occurred from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. The first freeway HOV lane in the United States was implemented in the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway in Northern Virginia , between Washington, DC, and the Capital Beltway , and was opened in 1969 as a bus-only lane . The busway was opened in December 1973 to carpools with four or more occupants, becoming

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8866-445: The United States. Solo drivers are permitted to use the HOV lanes upon payment of a fee that varies based on demand. Tolls change throughout the day according to real-time traffic conditions, which is intended to manage the number of cars in the lanes to maintain good journey times. Proponents claim that all motorists benefit from HOT lanes, even those who choose not to use them. This argument applies only to projects that increase

9009-399: The United States. The first practical implementation was California 's formerly private toll 91 Express Lanes , in Orange County, California , in 1995, followed in 1996 by Interstate 15 north of San Diego . According to the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, by 2012 there were 294 corridor-miles of HOT/Express lanes and 163 corridor-miles of HOT/Express lanes under construction in

9152-424: The University District. I-5 runs north along 5th Avenue through the University District, a few blocks west of the University of Washington campus, and intersects Northeast 45th and 50th streets using a weaved pair of diamond interchanges . In the Roosevelt – Green Lake area, I-5 intersects Ravenna Boulevard and SR 522 , a major highway that travels along the north side of Lake Washington. Further north,

9295-480: The advantages of exclusive bus lanes and encouraged their funding. In the 1970s the FHWA began to allow state highway agencies to spend federal funds on HOV lanes. As a result of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo , interest in ridesharing picked up, and states began experimenting with HOV lanes. In order to reduce crude oil consumption, the 1974 Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act mandated maximum speed limits of 55 mph (89 km/h) on public highways and became

9438-443: The bus lane for three months in 1974 due to a strike by bus operators, and then permanently at a 3+ HOV from 1976. It is one of the most efficient HOV facilities in North America and was converted into a high-occupancy toll lane operation in 2013 to allow low-occupancy vehicles to bid for excess capacity on the lane in the Metro ExpressLanes project. Beginning in the 1970s, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration recognized

9581-414: The city of Bellingham , intersecting SR 11 east of Fairhaven and the Alaska Marine Highway terminal. The freeway travels along the east side of Sehome Hill and downtown, passing the Western Washington University campus and several intersections with downtown streets. Northeast of downtown Bellingham, I-5 intersects SR 542 (the Mount Baker Highway) and turns west to meet SR 539 at

9724-437: The corridor. The federal government began planning for a national "superhighway" system in the late 1930s, including the US 99 corridor as the main route along the West Coast. The highway system, designed with a minimum of four lanes in rural areas and strict grade separation , was approved for limited funding by Congress in 1944 and planned by the Bureau of Public Roads over the following years. The US 99 corridor

9867-401: The creation and majority-federal funding of the Interstate Highway System . A few months later, the state supreme court overturned the $ 194 million authorization (equivalent to $ 1.67 billion in 2023 dollars) to build the 65-mile (105 km) Tacoma–Everett expressway as a toll road after finding it to be unconstitutional. The federal contribution under the Interstate Highways program

10010-409: The early 1990s, two laws reinforced the U.S. commitment to HOV lane construction. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 included HOV lanes as one of the transportation control measures that could be included in state implementation plans to attain federal air quality standards. The 1990 amendments also deny the administrator of the EPA the authority to block FHWA from funding 24-hour HOV lanes as part of

10153-415: The east of the mall, I-5 intersects I-405 and SR 525 . I-5 crosses into northern Lynnwood and intersects 164th Street Southwest near Martha Lake and Mill Creek , where a partial HOV ramp connects to the Ash Way Park and Ride . The freeway continues north into Everett and intersects SR 96 southeast of Paine Field . It then passes Silver Lake and the South Everett park and ride (located in

10296-577: The eastern terminus of SR 501. The freeway passes the Ilani Casino Resort on the Cowlitz reservation and crosses the Lewis River into Woodland , where it intersects SR 503 . Northwest of Woodland, the median of I-5 is used by freight trains and Amtrak's Cascades and Coast Starlight passenger trains, which follow the freeway for its entire length. I-5 continues along the east bank of

10439-417: The entire day to prevent snow and ice from causing electronic failures in the automated gates. The entire highway is in Seattle , King County . The Pacific Highway was formed in 1913 by the state government as the north–south trunk in its first highway system, following the general route of modern-day I-5. The trunk route, one of three suggested by good roads activists for several years and studied by

10582-737: The extension began in January 2024 and progressed in June to pre-revenue service with simulated schedules. Service on the 1 Line to Lynnwood began on August 30, 2024. Construction delays on the 2 Line will limit the number of available trains to Lynnwood until 2025. Major changes to the bus network in Shoreline and Snohomish County, including the truncation of most commuter buses, are scheduled for September 14, 2024. Some Sound Transit Express buses will continue to connect Snohomish County to Downtown Seattle during peak hours to provide additional capacity until

10725-697: The facility during rush hours on weekdays. The second freeway HOV facility, which opened in 1970, was the contraflow bus lane on the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix in Hudson County, New Jersey . According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Lincoln Tunnel XBL is the country's HOV facility with the highest number of peak hour persons among HOV facilities with utilization data available, with 23,500 persons in

10868-661: The finished but unopened freeway a month earlier to avoid congestion on US 99. The Tacoma and Olympia sections of I-5 were connected by a new freeway across Fort Lewis and the Nisqually River that opened in November 1968 and cost $ 12 million (equivalent to $ 80.3 million in 2023 dollars). Its opening eliminated the last traffic signal between Seattle and Portland. I-5 was routed around Bellingham on an easterly arc with several interchanges that were added after lobbying by downtown business groups who had originally favored

11011-405: The first instance in which buses and carpools officially shared a HOV lane over a considerable distance. In 2005, the two lanes of this HOV 3+ facility carried during the morning peak hour (6:30 am to 9:30 am) a total of 31,700 people in 8,600 vehicles (3.7 persons/veh), while the three or four general-purpose lanes carried 23,500 people in 21,300 vehicles (1.1 persons/veh). Average travel time in

11154-442: The first instance when the U.S. federal government provided funding for ridesharing and states were allowed to spend their highway funds on rideshare demonstration projects. The 1978 Surface Transportation Assistance Act made funding for rideshare initiatives permanent. Also during the early 1970s, ridesharing was recommended for the first time as a tool to mitigate air quality problems. The 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments established

11297-612: The four-abreast express lanes emerge onto the median of I-5, following it past Capitol Hill and Eastlake to the Ship Canal Bridge. The express lanes cross the Ship Canal on the lower deck of the bridge, which includes an exit to Northeast 42nd Street in the University District. A southbound-only, HOV-only onramp from Ravenna Boulevard and an additional ramp to SR 522 connect the express lanes to North Seattle, leaving two express lanes and an HOV lane. The express lanes end southwest of

11440-400: The freeway and its parallel railroad . Near American Lake , an interchange with Thorne Lane marks the proposed western terminus of SR 704 , a new highway that would travel between the boundaries of Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base (the two components of Joint Base Lewis–McChord) to Spanaway . Continuing past the bases, I-5 passes through Lakewood and intersects SR 512 ,

11583-474: The freeway reaches Northgate and the express lanes merge back with the mainline, forming a set of HOV lanes. I-5 passes to the west of Northgate Mall and the Northgate light rail station along 1st Avenue before moving back east to 5th Avenue near Haller Lake . At Jackson Park , freeway intersects SR 523 , which runs on 145th Street and forms the northern city limit of Seattle. The interchange includes

11726-692: The freeway runs due north along the boundary between the city and the Tulalip Indian Reservation and intersects several arterial streets: SR 528 west of downtown Marysville, 88th Street near Quil Ceda Village , and 116th Street near the Tulalip Resort Casino and Seattle Premium Outlets shopping mall. North of the city and reservation, I-5 crosses over the railroad and enters Arlington 's Smokey Point neighborhood, where it intersects SR 531 just west of Arlington Municipal Airport . A pair of rest areas are situated north of

11869-574: The freeway to the Skagit Valley College and a minor retail corridor. The freeway then crosses the Skagit River into Burlington on a bridge that partially collapsed on May 23, 2013, and was subsequently renamed the Trooper Sean M. O'Connell Jr. Memorial Bridge after a state trooper who died while directing detour traffic during its rebuilding. On the north side of the river, I-5 skirts

12012-563: The freeway's median) at 112th Street Southeast near the Everett Mall and a southbound-only rest area. Northeast of the mall, I-5 comes to a major interchange with several highways: SR 99, which travels southwest as Everett Mall Way; SR 526 , which travels west to the Boeing Everett Factory and Mukilteo ; SR 527 , which travels south through Mill Creek; and Broadway, which continues north into downtown Everett. From

12155-678: The freeway, causing vehicles to weave across several lanes that contributes to traffic congestion. I-5 continues onto the Ship Canal Bridge towards the University District , crossing 160 feet (49 m) over a section of the Lake Washington Ship Canal and Eastlake Avenue parallel to the University Bridge . The bridge also includes a lower deck for the express lanes, with a ramp connecting to Northeast 42nd Street in

12298-557: The general course of the Snohomish River , and intersects the southern terminus of SR 529 at a half-diamond interchange with Pacific Avenue and Maple Street near the Everett train station and transit center. One block north of the interchange, the freeway intersects US 2 , a major highway that travels across Stevens Pass to eastern Washington. To the north of the US ;2 ramps

12441-471: The general lanes. For example, Interstate 110 in California has four HOV lanes on an upper deck. HOV bypass lanes are intended to allow carpool traffic, busses and police to bypass areas of regular congestion in many places. An HOV lane may operate as a reversible lane , working in the direction of the dominant traffic flow in both the morning and the afternoon. All lanes of a 10 miles (16 km) section of

12584-459: The highway and a modern " freeway " through Vancouver. The plan was opposed by Governor Arthur B. Langlie , who questioned its constitutionality on the basis that it could violate the state constitution's 18th amendment. The bond's use of future gas tax revenues to pay interest would, under some interpretations, violate the amendment's requirement that the gas tax must be used for highway purposes, using it instead to pay off debts. Later that year,

12727-570: The highway and travels west towards the Cherry Point Refinery and Birch Bay . In Blaine, the northernmost city on I-5, SR 543 splits off to serve an alternate border crossing for trucks and freight. I-5 travels along the northeast edge of downtown Blaine and intersects SR 548 before it reaches the Canadian border at the Peace Arch , where the highway terminates. The monument

12870-405: The highway in the state. The 19.7-mile (31.7 km) section between north Seattle and Everett was opened on February 3, 1965. It was constructed over sections of the former Seattle–Everett Interurban Railway and cost $ 23 million (equivalent to $ 170 million in 2023 dollars). Several of the freeway's interchanges in southern Snohomish County were opened two months later. The freeway

13013-545: The highway is part of the Lewis and Clark Trail , a state scenic highway that continues west along SR 4 towards the Pacific Ocean . The freeway continues north, following the Cowlitz River to Castle Rock , where it meets SR 411 and a short business route that loops back to an interchange with SR 504 , the main highway to Mount St. Helens . North of Castle Rock, the Cowlitz River turns away from I-5 as

13156-590: The highway: Freeway Park , a landscaped city park between Seneca and Union streets; and the Seattle Convention Center between Union and Pike streets. I-5 continues north out of downtown Seattle under a 20-to-30-foot (6.1 to 9.1 m) retaining wall along Melrose Avenue at the edge of Capitol Hill . To the west is the South Lake Union and Cascade neighborhoods, accessed via ramps to Stewart Street and Mercer Street . The freeway travels along

13299-469: The interchange and are the busiest in the state, serving 2.1 million visitors per year, and is home to a 22-foot-wide (6.7 m) Western red cedar stump that was once hollowed out to allow vehicles to drive through it. The area around the freeway transforms from suburban to rural, with rolling hills and forested areas, as it approaches Island Crossing and an interchange with SR 530 west of downtown Arlington. North of Island Crossing, I-5 crosses

13442-487: The introduction of Jakarta's bus rapid transit in December 2003, the policy was extended to 7:00 am – 10:00 am and 4:00 pm – 7:00 pm. In September 2004, the evening time was changed to 4:30 pm – 7:00 pm. Car jockeys are paid by drivers to ride on vehicles, so that those vehicles would bypass the three in one restriction. On August 30, 2016, an odd–even rationing ( ganjil-genap ) system began to replace "3-in-1" rule, after

13585-497: The lane and charge drivers depending on demand. Typically, tolls increase as traffic density and congestion within the tolled lanes increase, a policy known as congestion pricing . The goal of this pricing scheme is to minimize traffic congestion within the lanes. Qualification for HOV status varies by scheme, but the following vehicles may be included: New York City HOV lane codes prior to 2008 did not allow motorcycles leading to ticketing of motorcycle drivers and complaints from

13728-436: The lanes are open to southbound traffic from 8 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. and northbound traffic from 1:45 p.m. to 11 p.m., with an overnight closure to reduce neighborhood noise. The weekend times are sometimes adjusted for special events, including weekend sporting events, or construction on the mainline lanes in Seattle. The express lanes are controlled by a series of movable gates and electronic signs controlled by

13871-640: The lanes. Following the introduction of HOVs, some drivers placed inflatable dolls in the passenger seat, a practice that persists today, even though it is now illegal. Cameras that can distinguish between humans and mannequins or dolls were tested in the United Kingdom in 2005. In the United States , law enforcement officials have documented a variety of methods used by drivers in attempts to circumvent HOV occupancy rules: In early 2006, an Arizona woman asserted that she had been improperly ticketed for using

14014-490: The late 1960s was delayed after a dispute between the state government and Tulalip Tribes over compensation for land that was later settled in 1970. A section further north of Marysville was expanded to six lanes in 1972, including a new bridge over the Stillaguamish River for northbound traffic and replacement of a railroad underpass with a pair of overpasses. A municipal traffic plan from 1946 outlined designs for

14157-699: The latter enters Lewis County , intersecting SR 506 west of Toledo and SR 505 east of Winlock . Between the two interchanges is the Gospodor Monument Park , a roadside attraction with four sculptures of up to 100 feet (30 m) in height commemorating religious and indigenous figures. After their installation in 2002, the sculptures caused backups on the freeway due to rubbernecking by passing drivers who slowed down near them. Near Napavine , I-5 becomes concurrent with US 12 , which continues east across White Pass to Yakima . The two highways intersect SR 508 and cross over

14300-658: The longest continuous HOV facility in the U.S. is on I-15 in Utah , extending approximately 72.0 mi (115.9 km) from Layton to Spanish Fork with a single HOV lane in each direction for a total of 144.0 mi (231.7 km) of HOV lanes. While the Utah facility is the longest, the I-495 Capital Beltway in the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area extends 56.0 mi (90.1 km) but has two HOV lanes in each direction for

14443-526: The mall interchange, I-5 descends towards the Lowell area on the east side of a hill with several suburban neighborhoods. Near the Everett Memorial Stadium and Lowell Park, the freeway intersects 41st Street in a single-point urban interchange , with additional ramps from the HOV and mainline lanes towards downtown Everett on Broadway. I-5 then curves northeasterly around downtown Everett, following

14586-424: The morning peak hours of 06:30-08:30, and evening peak hours of 16:30-19:00. A fine of CNY100 (about USD15) will be enforced for first violators. For a second violation, the fine will double. HOV lanes may be either a single traffic lane within the main roadway with distinctive markings or a separate roadway with one or more traffic lanes either parallel to the general lanes or grade-separated , above or below

14729-643: The morning peak, and 62,000 passengers during the four-hour morning peak. The first permanent HOV facility in California was the bypass lane at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza, opened to the public in April 1970. The El Monte Busway ( I-10 / San Bernardino Freeway ) in Los Angeles was initially only available for buses when it opened in 1973. Three-person carpools were allowed to use

14872-630: The next interchange at SR 599 , a short freeway that connects to SR 99. From the SR ;599 interchange, I-5 makes a gradual turn to the northwest while crossing over the Duwamish River and a mainline railroad, following the latter into the city of Seattle after an interchange with SR 900 . After entering Seattle, I-5 passes under the Link 1 Line tracks at Boeing Access Road and runs northwesterly between Boeing Field and Georgetown to

15015-619: The north end of Capitol Hill through the Eastlake neighborhood on the east side of Lake Union , passing over the I-5 Colonnade mountain bike park. At Roanoke Park , I-5 intersects the western terminus of SR 520 , a major freeway that crosses Lake Washington on the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge to Bellevue and Redmond . The heavily trafficked Mercer Street and SR 520 exits use ramps that are on opposite sides of

15158-980: The number of occupants in their vehicle can freely use the lanes outside of those hours. The first HOV facilities in Canada were opened in Greater Vancouver and Toronto in the early 1990s, followed shortly by facilities in Ottawa , Gatineau , Montreal , and later Calgary . As of 2010 there were about 150 km (93 mi) of highway HOV lanes in 11 locations in British Columbia , Ontario , and Quebec , and over 130 km (81 mi) of arterial HOV lanes in 24 locations in Greater Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Ottawa, and Gatineau. The Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) in 2006 estimated that commuters in Toronto using

15301-561: The primary means of access to the airport and Burien , and I-405 , the eastern freeway bypass of Seattle that travels through Renton and the Eastside. The interchange includes several left-hand ramps, necessitating the separation of the thru HOV lanes from the mainline. For a short distance, the light rail tracks of the Link 1 Line , which followed SR 518 from Tukwila International Boulevard station , join I-5 and run on its west side until

15444-526: The project would be delayed six months (from late 2023 to mid 2024) and would cost $ 500 million more than expected, bringing the final budget to $ 2.9 billion. The changes were due to rising costs associated with land acquisition, labor, and materials in the local market. The project's groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 3, 2019, and included Governor Jay Inslee , U.S. Senators Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell , and U.S. Representatives Rick Larsen and Suzan DelBene . Testing of trains on

15587-467: The proposed R. H. Thomson Expressway . A larger, twelve-lane freeway through Downtown Seattle with a reversible express lane system was announced in April 1957 ahead of a series of public hearings . The proposal received a mix of strong support and criticism from members of the public, while the city government endorsed the plan with a caveat that right of way along the freeway be reserved for use by rapid transit . The twelve-lane design, sans transit,

15730-464: The region, commonly known as T2 and T3 lanes. There is a T2 transit lane in Tamaki Drive, in a short stretch between Okahu Bay Reserve and downtown Auckland. There are also T2 priority lanes on Auckland's Northern , Southern , Northwestern , and Southwestern Motorways . These priority lanes are left-side on-ramp lanes heading towards the motorway, where vehicles with two or more people can bypass

15873-487: The relocation of the military base's main gate to a new cloverleaf interchange . Another early Interstate project, the 6.5-mile (10.5 km) Olympia Freeway, was opened to traffic on December 12, 1958, at a cost of $ 11.6 million (equivalent to $ 94 million in 2023 dollars). It also included a freeway section of US 101 and US 410 that intersected I-5 in the state's first three-level interchange. A rural section of freeway between Marysville and Mount Vernon

16016-549: The river's estuary , which has several sloughs that I-5 crosses. It also passes the Everett Water Pollution Control Facility and several wastewater treatment ponds, which produces strong odors that are noted by motorists. On the north side of Steamboat Slough, I-5 turns northwesterly and intersects SR 529 before crossing over the BNSF Railway and Ebey Slough into Marysville. Within Marysville,

16159-478: The rural sections in southwestern Washington began in late 1951 and the first section near Kalama was opened early the following year. Major bypasses of Centralia, Fort Lewis, Kelso, Marysville, and Tumwater were completed in 1954. The 2-mile-long (3.2 km) Vancouver freeway opened on April 1, 1955, constituting the state's first grade-separated freeway and costing $ 7 million (equivalent to $ 62.2 million in 2023 dollars) to construct. In December 1955,

16302-664: The sanctions for a state's failure to comply with the Clean Air Act, if the secretary of transportation wishes to approve the FHWA funds. On the other hand, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 encouraged the construction of HOV lanes, which were made eligible for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) funds in regions not attaining federal air quality standards. CMAQ funds may be spent on new HOV lane construction, even if

16445-561: The section between Chehalis and Olympia was moved onto a straighter highway that bypassed Tenino and other small towns along the meandering route of the Pacific Highway. Its opening marked the end of the southern section of the upgraded US 99. The northern section was declared complete after a bypass of Mount Vernon and Burlington, including a new bridge over the Skagit River , was opened to traffic in June 1957. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 , signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 29, 1956, formally authorized

16588-527: The state governments of Oregon and Washington. I-5 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), who conduct an annual survey of traffic volume that is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. The stretch of I-5 through Downtown Seattle is the busiest highway in Washington state, with

16731-659: The state legislature in 1909, strung together several wagon trails dating back as early as the 1840s, when settlers arrived in the Puget Sound region from the Willamette Valley via the Cowlitz Trail . Part of the highway also followed the military road constructed in the 1850s from Fort Vancouver to Fort Bellingham . The Washington section was part of a longer highway along the West Coast from Canada to Mexico, which

16874-500: The state of Washington , from the Oregon state border at Vancouver , through the Puget Sound region , to the Canadian border at Blaine . Within the Seattle metropolitan area , the freeway connects the cities of Tacoma , Seattle , and Everett . I-5 is the only interstate to traverse the whole state from north to south and is Washington's busiest highway, with an average of 274,000 vehicles traveling on it through Downtown Seattle on

17017-514: The state, I-205 , I-405 , and I-705 , as well as several designated business routes and state routes. The freeway follows several historic railroads and wagon trails developed during American settlement of western Washington in the mid-to-late 19th century. The state legislature incorporated local roads into the Pacific Highway in 1913, connecting the state's southern and northern borders between Vancouver and Blaine. The Pacific Highway

17160-603: The suburb of Tumwater, passing the Olympia Regional Airport and several state office parks before reaching the terminus of US 101 , a major highway that encircles the Olympic Peninsula , on the south side of Capitol Lake . After the interchange, I-5 enters Olympia and turns eastward after passing the Washington State Capitol campus and downtown Olympia. The freeway passes through Lacey and

17303-479: The total number of lanes. Proponents also claim that HOT lanes provide an incentive to use transit and ridesharing. There has been controversy over this concept, and HOT schemes have been called " Lexus " lanes, as critics see this new pricing scheme as a perk for the rich. HOT tolls are collected by staffed toll booths , automatic number plate recognition , or electronic toll collection systems. Some systems use RFID transmitters to monitor entry and exiting of

17446-544: The water-facing Chuckanut Drive , was moved inland via Lake Samish in 1931. State Road 1 was re-designated in 1937 as Primary State Highway 1 under the state's new highway numbering system, but was not signed as such, giving priority to the overlapping US 99. By 1941, the Pacific Highway was the busiest road in the Pacific Northwest and had been widened to four lanes in most urban areas because of traffic congestion, necessitating studies into by-passing cities along

17589-656: The west along the railroad and Beacon Hill to the east. Mid-way along Beacon Hill near Jefferson Park , the freeway turns due north and intersects the east end of the Spokane Street Viaduct, part of the West Seattle Bridge , which has additional ramps to the SoDo area and the VA Puget Sound Medical Center . I-5 continues north between SoDo and northern Beacon Hill, crossing over the western portal of

17732-558: The western edge of Burlington, passing car dealerships and retail stores, including the Cascade Mall and an outlet mall . To the west of downtown Burlington, the freeway intersects SR 20 , a major state highway, in a partial cloverleaf interchange that includes several businesses inside the western loop. SR 20 continues west towards Anacortes and the Olympic Peninsula, and east through North Cascades National Park to

17875-537: The widest in the United States, runs in the full block between 6th and 7th avenues between downtown to the west and First Hill to the east, home to Harborview Medical Center and Yesler Terrace . It passes to the east of Seattle's tallest building, the Columbia Center , and the city's Central Library before adding a set of reversible express lanes in the median near Madison Street . I-5 turns northeasterly and passes under two structures built atop sections of

18018-557: Was also the first to use the Interstate highway shield , which was installed during construction in 1958. By the end of 1959, new interchanges and overpasses had brought most of the highway between Vancouver and Olympia to Interstate standards. Governor Albert D. Rosellini announced an accelerated push for freeway construction, primarily aimed at completing Interstate 5 between Seattle and the Canadian border, in August 1960. The Tacoma section

18161-511: Was anticipated to be $ 165 million (equivalent to $ 1.42 billion in 2023 dollars), but come in smaller installments that would require more time to complete the freeway project. The entire US 99 corridor was subsequently assigned the designation of "Interstate 5" in 1957 and the federal government allocated planning funds to begin engineering of the Seattle Freeway, which commanded its own Highway Department division. Washington

18304-501: Was approved the following year by the Bureau of Public Roads, allowing for property acquisition to begin. A dedicated office was created to handle property acquisition, which would require 4,500 parcels of land, and 10 percent were condemned by the government. High-occupancy vehicle lane A high-occupancy vehicle lane (also known as an HOV lane , carpool lane , diamond lane , 2+ lane , and transit lane or T2 or T3 lanes )

18447-400: Was built and paved over the next decade, and became the northernmost segment of the national U.S. Route 99 (US 99) in 1926. The federal government endorsed the creation of a national expressway system in the 1940s, including several bypasses on US 99 that were built by the state in the early 1950s. The state's planned toll superhighway in the Seattle area was shelved in favor of

18590-661: Was built in 1921 and its surrounding park is open to the public without needing to report to customs officers. The park is connected to its administrative buildings and parking lots by a set of crosswalks across the northbound and southbound lanes of Interstate 5. The Peace Arch–Douglas crossing is the third-busiest port of entry on the Canadian border, with an average of 3,500 to 4,800 vehicles crossing per day. The highway continues north as Highway 99 towards Vancouver, located 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Blaine. I-5 has 7.14 miles (11.49 km) of express lanes within Seattle, which reverse to carry traffic in

18733-581: Was completed in early 1959. The first section of the Tacoma–Seattle–Everett freeway was opened to traffic on October 1, 1959, extending the Fort Lewis freeway 5 miles (8.0 km) from Gravelly Lake near McChord Field to South 72nd Street in southern Tacoma. The $ 4.68 million project (equivalent to $ 37.4 million in 2023 dollars) built the six-lane freeway and a cloverleaf interchange at SSH 5G (now SR 512). The Tacoma section

18876-589: Was conceived by the Pacific Highway Association of North America in 1910. The Pacific Highway was dedicated by 60,000 people at the Peace Arch in Blaine on September 4, 1923, with a few sections still under construction. Earlier that year, the Washington state government had designated it as State Road 1 and allotted funds to pave some rural sections. By 1925, almost all of the highway had been paved or improved to modern standards. The federal government and

19019-514: Was constructed in Los Angeles County , and by 1993 there were only 58 mi (93 km) of HOV lanes countywide. A significant policy shift took place in October 1990, when a memorandum from the FHWA administrator stated that " FHWA strongly supports the objective of HOV preferential facilities and encourages the proper application of HOV technology. " Regional administrators were directed to promote HOV lanes and related facilities. Also in

19162-416: Was delayed by construction issues and opened on November 23, 1965, with a dedication ceremony at the Peace Arch. The British Columbian government had already completed upgrades to its section of Highway 99 between Blaine and the Fraser River in 1962. The southernmost section of the Bellingham Freeway through the Chuckanut Mountains opened in three stages in 1966, completing the last four-lane section of

19305-488: Was extended 13.5 miles (21.7 km) north to Midway (near Des Moines) on October 10, 1962. The dedication ceremony was attended by Governor Rosellini and included a parade of U.S. Army vehicles from Fort Lewis . The Tacoma–Midway section cost $ 14.5 million to construct (equivalent to $ 136 million in 2023 dollars) and included a cloverleaf interchange for the Auburn cutoff (later SR 18) in Federal Way. The ceremony had been preceded by drivers trespassing onto

19448-404: Was first implemented by governor Sutiyoso . HOV 3+ is implemented on weekdays in existing roads of Sisingamangaraja Road (fast and slow lane), Jalan Jenderal Sudirman (fast and slow lane), Jalan M.H. Thamrin (fast and slow lane), Medan Merdeka Barat Road, Majapahit Road, and sections of Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto . The policy was originally implemented only between 7:00 am and 10:00 am. Since

19591-606: Was implemented in May 2001 as an HOV 3+ on Elgeseter Street, an undivided four-lane arterial road in Trondheim . This facility was followed by HOV lanes in Oslo and Kristiansand . The first HOV lane (known as a Transit Lane T2 or T3 ) in Australia opened in February 1992, located on the Eastern Freeway in Melbourne travelling inbound. In May 2005, T2 Transit lanes were opened on Hoddle Street in Melbourne. As of 2012, there were also T2 and T3 facilities in Canberra , Sydney and Brisbane . In Auckland , New Zealand , there are several short HOV 2+ and 3+ lanes throughout

19734-518: Was included in the initial 37,700-mile (60,672 km) system announced three years later by the Public Roads Administration . The state legislature adopted its own set of standards for limited-access highways in 1947, later amending them to encourage upgrades to existing two-lane roadways. In 1951, the legislature authorized a $ 66.7 million bond issue (equivalent to $ 628 million in 2023 dollars) to fund upgrades to US 99, including four-lane sections on all but 40 miles (64 km) of

19877-416: Was initially six lanes wide but was expanded to eight lanes from Northgate to modern-day Shoreline in 1966 because of increased traffic congestion. The 3-mile (4.8 km) bypass of downtown Everett between 41st Street and the Snohomish River was completed on January 18, 1968; its opening eliminated fourteen traffic lights and included ramps to connect with the Hewitt Avenue Trestle. The final section of I-5

20020-430: Was issued a traffic ticket for using the HOV lane without a human passenger, which carries a fine of $ 135 in 2010 and two points on a driver's license. In January 2013, a motorist tried to claim that the Articles of Incorporation of his business, which had been placed unbuckled on the passenger’s seat, constituted a person, citing the principle of corporate personhood and California's state Vehicle Code, which defines

20163-434: Was opened on May 14, 1969, spanning 3.5 miles (5.6 km) between Everett and Marysville over the Snohomish River delta. It was originally scheduled to open several months earlier, but delayed steel work on the bridge over the Snohomish River caused scheduling issues. Several right-in/right-out intersections and non-grade-separated sections remained on I-5 until the completion of widening and grade separation projects in

20306-436: Was the fastest of the three West Coast states to upgrade sections of US 99 to four lanes and partial Interstate standards using new interchanges, with only 15 miles (24 km) of the highway in northern Whatcom County still two-laned by 1959. Among the first projects to use federal funding from the 1956 act was an upgrade of the Fort Lewis highway to four-lane freeway standards, which opened in September 1957 and included

20449-431: Was the state with the most HOV facilities in the country, with 88, followed by Minnesota with 83 facilities, Washington with 41, Texas with 35, and Virginia with 21. By 2006, HOV lanes in California were operating at two-thirds of their capacity, and these HOV facilities carried on average 2,518 persons per hour during peak hours, substantially more people than the congested general-traffic lanes. As of October 2016,

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