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33-465: Rosslyn House, once an important country estate , was finally demolished in 1896 after much of its estate had already been sold off for redevelopment. The street takes its name from Lord Lyndhurst , the American-born politician and judge. This follows a theme of naming nearby streets after Lord Chancellors , due to the fact that Rosslyn House was named after a former owner Earl of Rosslyn who had held

66-794: A housing estate or industrial estate . Large country estates were traditionally found in New York's Long Island , and Westchester County , the Philadelphia Main Line , Maine's Bar Harbor on Mount Desert Island , and other affluent East Coast enclaves; and the San Francisco Bay Area , early Beverly Hills, California , Montecito, California , Santa Barbara, California and other affluent West Coast enclaves. All these regions had strong traditions of large agricultural, grazing, and productive estates modeled on those in Europe. However, by

99-652: A board of trustees, which decides how the charity is run, how it spends its money and ensures what it does is for the benefit of the parks and their visitors. The trustees are led by a chairman and are appointed for their skills and experience. Alongside some ex-officio roles, others are appointed by the Secretary of State for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and the Greater London Authority (GLA). They are non-executive and unpaid. The board

132-638: A charity which manages eight royal parks and certain other areas of parkland in London. The Royal Parks charity was created as a company limited by guarantee in March 2017 and officially launched in July 2017. Its chief executive is Andrew Scattergood. The charity took over the main responsibilities of management from the Royal Parks Agency – a former executive agency of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport – and from

165-515: A number of listed buildings . This London road or road transport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Country estate An estate is a large parcel of land under single ownership, which generates income for its owner. In the United Kingdom , historically an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, tenanted buildings, and natural resources (such as woodland) that surround

198-463: A £5 million grant to transform Greenwich Park and a transformation of a former private plant nursery into a public memorial garden in The Regent’s Park . In previous years, the charity has supported restoration projects for both Bushy Park and Richmond Park , addressing long-term concerns to protect the natural habitats in the face of climate change . The Royal Parks charity is led by

231-456: Is chaired by Loyd Grossman . The executive management team is responsible for the daily operations of The Royal Parks charity, and under the leadership of the chief executive, Andrew Scattergood, they propose the organisation's policies and strategies to the board of trustees. Additionally, the team manages a workforce of staff and volunteers. The Royal Parks are owned by the Monarch in right of

264-628: The Royal Parks Foundation , which was a separate charity. With increasing urbanisation of London, some royal hunting or tenant lands were preserved as freely accessible open space and became public parks with the introduction of the Crown Lands Act 1851 . There are today eight parks formally described by this name and they cover almost 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) of land in Greater London . The parks were used as hunting grounds for

297-555: The Crown; however, under the Crown Lands Act 1851 , statutory responsibility for the management and upkeep rests with the government. From 1993 until 2017, The Royal Parks Agency managed the parks on behalf of the Secretary of State . In 2017, The Royal Parks Charity was created to manage the parks under a contract with the government. Appointments to the charity’s Board are made by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport , as well as

330-554: The Mayor of London. The parks are open to everyone, but those using the parks are expected to adhere to regulations issued under the Parks Regulations Acts 1872 – 1926 . These regulations are deemed necessary for the proper management, maintenance, and protection of the estate. The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997 (as subsequently amended) remain extant. Since 2014, Vinci Facilities has been contracted to maintain

363-560: The Norman era, hunting had always been a popular pastime with the British royalty and nobility, and dating from the medieval era, land was parcelled off and put aside for the leisurely pursuits of hunting. These originated as royal forests and chase land, eventually evolving into deer parks , or sometimes into the Royal Parks if owned by the royal family. The ownership of these estates for hunting

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396-545: The Royal Parks board agreed to fulfill their wage demands in December 2019, backdated to 1 November. However, during the tendering process, Vinci and Royal Parks had also determined purely statutory entitlements in respect of overtime, on-call allowance, sick pay, annual leave, pensions, redundancy pay and maternity pay – and these inequalities with Royal Parks employees persisted. The two employers had allegedly repeatedly reviewed

429-562: The Royal Parks, employing as cleaners/attendants mainly African migrants. Vinci had originally tendered separate bids cost for minimum wage staff and Living Wage staff – and its minimum wage bid was accepted, meaning that the approximately 50 cleaners/attendants were earning £8.21 an hour by 2019. Then, with several joining UVW union in pursuit of the London Living Wage (£10.75) and going on strike in October 2019 with further strikes planned,

462-749: The agency joined with charity the Royal Parks Foundation to form a new charity – The Royal Parks – launched in July 2017. The parks are policed by the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police (the English section of the previous force policing the parks, the Royal Parks Constabulary , has been abolished). Some funding for The Royal Parks comes from a central government grant (20%) and its own charitable fundraising (80%). The Royal Parks charity generates

495-519: The country houses were destroyed , or land was parcelled off to be sold. An urban example of the use of the term estate is presented by the "great estates" in Central London such as the Grosvenor and Portman , which continue to generate significant income through rent. Sometimes London streets are named after the rural estates of aristocratic landowners, such as in the case of Wimpole Street . From

528-449: The gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house , mansion , palace or castle . It is the modern term for a manor , but lacks a manor's now-abolished jurisdiction. The "estate" formed an economic system where the profits from its produce and rents (of housing or agricultural land) sustained the main household, formerly known as the manor house . Thus, "the estate" may refer to all other cottages and villages in

561-463: The general terms of Vinci's staff between 2014 and 2019, and Royal Parks had never opted to improve any part of their contracts. It was announced in April 2020 that the barrister Changez Khan and 15 claimants would bring a racial discrimination "landmark test case" against the Royal Parks charity. Khan claimed that "the difference in pay until December last year and ongoing difference in other conditions have

594-552: The late 1940s and early 1950s, many of these estates had been demolished and subdivided , in some cases resulting in suburban villages named for the former owners, as in Baxter Estates, New York . An important distinction between the United States and England is that "American country estates, unlike English ones, rarely, if ever, supported the house." American estates have always been about "the pleasures of land ownership and

627-447: The majority of its income from commercial activities such as catering and staging public events, as well as through grants and individual donations. The day-to-day management of each park and area is managed by a Park Manager, who receives support from a team of staff and contractors. Their responsibilities include overseeing the preservation of natural landscapes and maintaining heritage sites, roads, and other structures within and around

660-466: The money for their improvement and maintenance usually comes from fortunes earned in other economic sectors besides agriculture. They are distinguished from ordinary middle-class American houses by sheer size, as well as their landscaping, gardens, outbuildings, and most importantly, recreational structures (e.g., tennis courts and swimming pools). This usage is the predominant connotation of "estate" in contemporary American English (when not preceded by

693-457: The opportunity to enjoy active, outdoor pursuits ." Although some American estates included farms, they were always in support of the larger recreational purpose. Today, large houses on lots of at least several acres in size are often referred to as "estates", in a contemporary updating of the word's usage. Most contemporary American estates are not large enough to include significant amounts of self-supporting productive agricultural land, and

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726-551: The parks on behalf of the government. The Royal Parks charity follows a set vision, purpose and its values. The charity runs programmes of activities and events to encourage outdoor recreation and public access to these areas. It also allows third parties to run such activities within the grounds to further these objectives, but commercial activity is tightly controlled. The Royal Parks charity regulates non-personal filming, audio recording, and photography through licences. It issues news permits for media coverage of breaking news in

759-410: The parks, with holders required to comply with specific legislation: As well as the eight royal parks in its care, the charity also manages Brompton Cemetery and Victoria Tower Gardens . It manages 5,000 acres of historic parkland in London, and its responsibilities include the preservation of 170,000 trees, 21 lakes and ponds, 15 miles of riverbed, and a population of over 1,000 wild deer. In 2010,

792-401: The parks. The Royal Parks' charitable objects set out the main purpose of the charity and what it aims to achieve. They are: The Royal Parks declared a climate emergency in 2020 with the charity. The parks are well protected to allow the natural environment to grow, and they are considered “a huge resource of natural capital that we must conserve and enhance”, causing the parks to be branded

825-590: The post in the 1790s. The Victorian era Lyndhurst Hall in Kentish Town took its name from the street and the Congregationalist Church originally located in the road. Notable residents have included the politician Russell Rea and the actor Richard Burton . The latter is commemorated by a blue plaque at 6 Lyndhurst Road, erected in 2011. Two adjacent streets share their name with the road Lyndhurst Terrace and Lyndhurst Gardens . The latter features

858-502: The royal family, often associated with royal residences or land formerly belonging to monasteries. In the 1500s, King Henry VIII enclosed lands to the north of the Palace of Whitehall for what is now St. James's Park and The Green Park . He also took the land that became Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens from Westminster Abbey . Over the years, there has been a gradual transition towards public accessibility for these areas. Hyde Park

891-516: The same ownership as the mansion itself, covering more than one former manor. Examples of such great estates are Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire , England, and Blenheim Palace , in Oxfordshire , England, built to replace the former manor house of Woodstock. Before the 1870s, these estates often encompassed several thousand acres, generally consisting of several farms let to tenants ; the great house

924-436: The then Mayor of London , Boris Johnson , proposed the devolution of control over the Royal Parks to the Greater London Authority . The government put forward proposals for this transfer later in the same year. While The Royal Parks expressed support for the plan, it was not ultimately implemented. The parks were managed by the Royal Parks Agency (an executive agency of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport ) until

957-447: The word "real" ), which is why "industrial estate" sounds like an oxymoron to Americans, as few wealthy persons would deliberately choose to live next to factories. Traditional American estates include: The Royal Parks The Royal Parks make up land that was originally used for the recreation, mostly hunting , by the royal family. They are part of the hereditary possessions of The Crown , now managed by The Royal Parks ,

990-520: The “lungs of London”. The charity launched the Help Nature Thrive programme in 2022 with the aim of enhancing sustainability and biodiversity within the capital. All parks adhere to a sustainable management plan, implementing various initiatives to safeguard the survival of natural habitats. The Royal Parks charity is committed to maintaining the gardens in order to preserve the natural habitats for local wildlife. More recent plans have included

1023-472: Was in practice strictly restricted until the 19th century when legal changes to game hunting meant the nobility, gentry and other wealthy families could purchase land for the purposes of hunting. At the administrative centre of these sporting estates is usually a sporting lodge . These are also often known as shooting or hunting estates. In modern British English , the term "estate" has been generalised to any large parcel of land under single ownership, such as

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1056-402: Was opened to the public in 1673 by King Charles II. Five of these parks – The Regent’s Park , Hyde Park , Kensington Gardens , The Green Park , and St James's Park – are situated in central London . The parks are owned by the Crown, with responsibility for them resting with the Secretary of State for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport . The Royal Parks charity manages

1089-473: Was supplied with food from its own home farm (for meat and dairy) and a kitchen garden (for fruit and vegetables). A dower house may have been present on the estate to allow the widow of the former owner her own accommodation and household when moved out the primary house on the estate. The agricultural depression from the 1870s onwards and the decline of servants meant that the large rural estates declined in social and economic significance, and many of

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