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62-455: Reverend David Belden Lyman and his wife, Sarah Joiner Lyman, arrived in 1832, missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions . It was one of the first houses on the island to be built in the style of their native New England, using native koa and ohia woods. Guests included Mark Twain and Isabella Bird . In 1854 - 1859 the new Haili Church was built across

124-444: A mineralogist , a taxidermist , and a philologist . They were carried aboard the sloops-of-war USS  Vincennes (780 tons), and USS  Peacock (650 tons), the brig USS  Porpoise (230 tons), the full-rigged ship Relief , which served as a store-ship , and two schooners , Sea Gull (110 tons) and USS  Flying Fish (96 tons), which served as tenders . On August 18, 1838,

186-610: A book on his childhood in Hawaii. Frederick Swartz Lyman , born July 25, 1837, married Isabella Chamberlain, daughter of Levi Chamberlain , another missionary, on February 16, 1861, and had 6 children. He died in Hilo on April 14, 1918. Frederick's son Levi C. Lyman served 25 years as principal of the Hilo Boarding School, from 1897 to 1922. After a fire in 1927 destroyed the original 1856 building, Levi Lyman phased out church control of

248-488: A captain's uniform while being commissioned only as a Lieutenant, rankled heavily with other members of the expedition of similar real rank. His apparent mistreatment of many of his subordinates, and indulgence in punishments such as " flogging round the fleet " resulted in a major controversy on his return to America. Wilkes was court-martialled on his return, but was acquitted on all charges except that of illegally punishing men in his squadron. The Wilkes Expedition played

310-633: A force of around 700 Gilbertese warriors opposed the American assault, but were defeated after a long battle. No Americans were hurt, but twelve natives were killed and others were wounded, and two villages were also destroyed. A similar episode occurred two months before in February when the Peacock and the Flying Fish briefly bombarded the island of Upolu , Samoa following the death of an American merchant sailor on

372-583: A high rate because of the large demand to be admitted. However, the native population kept declining due to epidemics and emigration. In 1853, despite Lyman's protest, instruction in the English language was added to that in the Hawaiian language . On November 2, 1853, the school and church were destroyed by a fire. There were no deaths and only one serious injury; arson was suspected. Local businessmen such as Pitman raised funds to rebuild, aided by an appropriation of

434-449: A lawyer in Chicago where he helped develop the village of La Grange, Illinois , serving as the first village attorney. He named a street "Waiola Avenue" which means "Water of Life" in the Hawaiian language . He returned to visit in 1910, and died April 8, 1914, in Chicago. Rufus Anderson Lyman born on June 23, 1842, was probably named after Rufus Anderson who was foreign secretary of

496-753: A letter in the American Journal of Science . Titus Coan and his wife Fidelia arrived in 1836 and officially took over preaching duties at the Haili church. However, Rev. Coan was often traveling through nearby districts, and Lyman continued to run the church during these trips. Lorrin Andrews had established the Lahainaluna Seminary in 1831, but primary and secondary schools were also needed on each island. The small school that had operated since 1828 in Hilo could only handle about 60-70 students. The Lymans founded

558-411: A major role in the development of 19th-century science, particularly in the growth of the American scientific establishment. Many of the species and other items found by the expedition helped form the basis of collections at the new Smithsonian Institution . With the help of the expedition's scientists, derisively called " clam digger s" and " bug catchers " by navy crew members, 280 islands, mostly in

620-720: A misunderstanding of each other's intentions, the Porpoise and Astrolabe were unable to communicate. In February 1840, some of the expedition were present at the initial signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand. Some of the squadron then proceeded back to Sydney for repairs, while the rest visited the Bay of Islands , before arriving in Tonga in April. At Nuku'alofa they met King Josiah (Aleamotu'a), and

682-561: A part of the Smithsonian Institution. There were also 254 live plants, which mostly came from the home stretch of the journey, that were placed in a newly constructed greenhouse in 1850, which later became the United States Botanic Garden . Alfred Thomas Agate , an engraver and illustrator, created an enduring record of traditional cultures such as the illustrations made of the dress and tattoo patterns of natives in

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744-422: A school for girls in 1839. Students tended a garden to grow their own food, and to raise some cash crops to support expenses. By 1840 thousands of pounds of sugar and molasses were being produced each year. Before any hotels were built in Hilo, they often welcomed visitors into their home. Chester Lyman , a distant cousin who was a professor from England, visited in 1846. In 1846, King Kamehameha III granted

806-481: A small force of marines and sailors, under William M. Walker , to search the island. Initially, the natives were peaceful and the Americans were able to explore the island, without results. It was when the party was returning to their ship that Hudson noticed a member of his crew was missing. After making another search, the man was not found and the natives began arming themselves. Lieutenant Walker returned his force to

868-501: A visit to Wake Island , and returned by way of the Philippines , Borneo , Singapore , Polynesia , and the Cape of Good Hope , reaching New York on June 10, 1842. The expedition was plagued by poor relationships between Wilkes and his subordinate officers throughout. Wilkes' self-proclaimed status as captain and commodore, accompanied by the flying of the requisite pennant and the wearing of

930-532: The Columbia River on June 21. In April 1841, USS Peacock , under Lieutenant William L. Hudson , and USS Flying Fish , surveyed Drummond's Island , which was named for an American of the expedition. Lieutenant Hudson heard from a member of his crew that a ship had wrecked off the island and her crew massacred by the Gilbertese . A woman and her child were said to be the only survivors, so Hudson decided to land

992-740: The Ellice Islands in present-day Tuvalu . A collection of artifacts from the expedition also went to the National Institute for the Promotion of Science , a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution . These joined artifacts from American history as the first artifacts in the Smithsonian collection. For a short time Wilkes was attached to the Office of Coast Survey , but from 1844 to 1861 he

1054-513: The Fraser River . Wilkes visited Fort Clatsop , John McLoughlin at Fort Vancouver , and William Cannon on the Willamette River , while he sent Lt. Johnson on an expedition to Fort Okanogan , Fort Colvile and Fort Nez Perces , where they met Marcus Whitman . Like his predecessor, British explorer George Vancouver , Wilkes spent a good deal of time near Bainbridge Island . He noted

1116-568: The Hudson's Bay Company , and the American Methodist Mission at Point Adams. They also traded with the local Clatsop and Chinookan Indians over the next three weeks, while surveying the channel, before journeying to Fort George and a reunion with the rest of the squadron. This prompted Wilkes to send the Vincennes to San Francisco Bay, while he continued to survey Grays Harbor . From

1178-544: The Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom . An entire ship-load of lumber from the west coast of North America was purchased. It went into building a new wood-framed church, new boarding school buildings, and a new wing and second floor on the house to accommodate the growing family. The third and final school campus opened in 1856 about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) inland from the church and Lyman house. Lyman retired as head of

1240-567: The Peacock sighted Eld Peak and Reynolds Peak along the George V Coast . On the January 19, Reynolds spotted Cape Hudson . On January 25, the Vincennes sighted the mountains behind the Cook Ice Shelf , similar peaks at Piner Bay on January 30, and had covered 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of coastline by February 12, from 140° 30' E. to 112° 16' 12"E., when Wilkes acknowledged they had "discovered

1302-430: The Peacock went aground while attempting to enter the Columbia River and was soon lost, though with no loss of life. The crew was able to lower six boats and get everyone into Baker's Bay, along with their journals, surveys, the chronometers, and some of Agate's sketches. A one-eyed Indian named George then guided the Flying Fish into the same bay. There, the crew set up "Peacockville", assisted by James Birnie of

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1364-619: The Tokelau Islands, and Fakaofo . The Peacock followed this with surveys of the Tuvalu islands of Nukufetau , Vaitupu , and Nanumanga in March. In April, the Peacock surveyed the Gilbert Islands of Tabiteuea , Nonouti , Aranuka , Maiana , Abemama , Kuria , Tarawa , Marakei , Butaritari , and Makin , before returning to Oahu on June 13. The Peacock and Flying Fish then left for

1426-659: The Vincennes in Sausalito on October 23, having traveled along the Siskiyou Trail . Wilkes arrived with the Porpoise and Oregon , while the Flying Fish was to rendezvous with the squadron in Honolulu. The squadron surveyed San Francisco and its tributaries, and later produced a map of "Upper California". The expedition then headed back out on October 31, arriving Honolulu on November 17, and departing on November 28. They included

1488-508: The mission in Hilo under Reverend Joseph Goodrich. The Scottish botanist and explorer David Douglas stayed with the Lymans between his historic climb to the summit of Mauna Loa , and his death exploring Mauna Kea in 1834. Mrs. Lyman made a note in her diary about the unusual customs of drinking hot coffee, tea, and "English dinners". Sarah Joiner Lyman's journal recorded earthquakes felt in Hilo and volcanic eruptions of Kilauea and Mauna Loa. It

1550-426: The 1870s, and published a book about her experiences. The school became the first building with electricity in Hilo when a dynamo was installed on the river in 1892. They would later sell the power to the new company formed by the Lymans' son. Similar "manual training" schools would become popular on the mainland many years after the Hilo school. Samuel C. Armstrong (1839–1893), Hawaii-born son of Richard Armstrong,

1612-539: The Antarctic Continent." Named Wilkes Land , it includes Claire Land , Banzare Land , Sabrina Land , Budd Land , and Knox Land . They charted 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) of Antarctic coastline to a westward goal of 105° E., the edge of Queen Mary Land , before departing to the north again on February 21. The Porpoise came across the French expedition of Jules Dumont d'Urville on January 30. However, due to

1674-671: The George (Taufa'ahau), chief of Ha'apai , before proceeding onwards to Fiji on May 4. The Porpoise surveyed the Low Archipelago, while the Vincennes and Peacock proceeded onwards to Ovalau , where they signed a commercial treaty with Tanoa Visawaqa in Levuka . Edward Belcher 's HMS  Starling visited Ovalau at the same time. Hudson was able to capture Vendovi, after holding his brothers Cocanauto, Qaraniqio, and Tui Dreketi ( Roko Tui Dreketi or King of Rewa Province ) hostage. Vendovi

1736-454: The Hilo Boarding School in 1836 with a grant of $ 500. After the first year, only $ 140 of the grant was spent on two grass huts for only about 12 boarders. By 1837, six graduates were sent to the seminary and the school continued to expand. In 1838, the students were put to work on another project: building a new wood-framed building for the school and a house for the Lyman family. Mrs. Lyman opened

1798-680: The Minister of Education in Hawaii during the Lyman period, founded what is now Hampton University in Virginia in 1867 based on this model. Henry Munson Lyman graduated from Williams College in 1858 and became a physician in the American Civil War , then married Sarah K. Clark and moved to Chicago. In 1870 he joined the faculty of Rush Medical College , and published medical books and articles. He died in Evanston, Illinois November 21, 1904. He wrote

1860-742: The Navy to ready a ship, the Peacock . The House voted an appropriation in December but the bill stalled in the US Senate in February 1829. Then, under President Andrew Jackson , Congress passed legislation in 1836 approving the exploration mission. Again, the effort stalled under Secretary of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson until President Martin Van Buren assumed office and pushed the effort forward. Originally,

1922-518: The Pacific, were explored, and over 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of Oregon were mapped. Of no less importance, over 60,000 plant and bird specimens were collected. A staggering amount of data and specimens were collected during the expedition, including the seeds of 648 species, which were later traded, planted, and sent throughout the country. Dried specimens were sent to the National Herbarium , now

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1984-459: The Winds . The Smithsonian Institution digitized the five volume narrative and the accompanying scientific volumes. The mismanagement that plagued the expedition prior to its departure continued after its completion. By June 1848, many of the specimens had been lost or damaged and many remained unidentified. In 1848 Asa Gray was hired to work on the botanical specimens, and published the first volume of

2046-636: The area about 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Thurston Island , and what is now called Cape Flying Fish , and the Walker Mountains . The squadron joined the Peacock in Valparaiso on May 10, but the Sea Gull was reported missing. On June 6, the squadron arrived at San Lorenzo , off Callao for repair and provisioning, while Wilkes dispatched the Relief homewards on June 21. Leaving South America on July 12,

2108-489: The area of modern-day Portland , Wilkes sent an overland party of 39 southwards, led by Emmons, but guided by Joseph Meek . The group included Agate, Eld, Colvocoresses, Brackenridge, Rich, Peale, Stearns, and Dana, and proceeded along an inland route to Fort Umpqua , Mount Shasta , the Sacramento River , John Sutter 's New Helvetia , and then onwards to San Francisco Bay . They departed September 7, and arrived aboard

2170-512: The bird-like shape of the harbor at Winslow and named it Eagle Harbor . Continuing his fascination with bird names, he named Bill Point and Wing Point. Port Madison, Washington and Points Monroe and Jefferson were named in honor of former United States presidents. Port Ludlow was assigned to honor Lieutenant Augustus Ludlow , who lost his life during the War of 1812 . The Peacock and Flying Fish arrived off Cape Disappointment on July 17. However,

2232-501: The event, armed conflict between Pacific islanders and the expedition was common and dozens of natives were killed in action, as well as a few Americans. Through the lobbying efforts of Jeremiah N. Reynolds , the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution on May 21, 1828, requesting President John Quincy Adams to send a ship to explore the Pacific. Adams was keen on the resolution and ordered his Secretary of

2294-571: The expedition reached Reao of the Tuamotu Group on August 13, and Tahiti on September 11. They departed Tahiti on October 10. The expedition then visited Samoa and New South Wales , Australia. In December 1839, the expedition sailed from Sydney into the Antarctic Ocean and reported the discovery of the Antarctic continent on January 16, 1840, when Henry Eld and William Reynolds aboard

2356-618: The expedition was under the command Commodore Jones , but he resigned in November 1837, frustrated with all of the procrastination. Secretary of War Joel Roberts Poinsett , in April 1838, then assigned command to Wilkes, after more senior officers refused the command. Wilkes had a reputation for hydrography , geodesy , and magnetism . Additionally, Wilkes had received mathematics training from Nathaniel Bowditch , triangulation methods from Ferdinand Hassler , and geomagnetism from James Renwick . Personnel included naturalists , botanists ,

2418-530: The ground. The Americans landed sixty sailors to attack the hostile natives. Close to eighty Fijians were killed in the resulting American reprisal and two villages were burned to the ground. On August 9, after three months of surveying, the squadron met off Macuata . The Vincennes and Peacock proceeded onwards to the Sandwich Islands, with the Flying Fish and Porpoise to meet them in Oahu by October. Along

2480-513: The island. The Vincennes and Porpoise reached Cape Disappointment on April 28, 1841, but then headed north to the Strait of Juan de Fuca , Port Discovery , and Fort Nisqually , where they were welcomed by William Henry McNeill and Alexander Caulfield Anderson . The Porpoise surveyed the Admiralty Inlet , while boats from the Vincennes surveyed Hood Canal , and the coast northwards to

2542-650: The locations given. The squadron arrived in the Madeira Islands on September 16, 1838, and Porto Praya on October 6. The Peacock arrived at Rio de Janeiro on November 21, and the Vincennes with brigs and schooners on November 24. However, the Relief did not arrive until the November 27, setting a record for slowness, 100 days. While there, they used Enxados Island in Guanabara Bay for an observatory and naval yard for repair and refitting. The Squadron did not leave Rio de Janeiro until January 6, 1839, arriving at

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2604-610: The mission board and visited the mission in 1863, married Chinese-Hawaiian Rebecca Brickwood, became a local politician and judge, and had fifteen children. He died July 5, 1910. Francis Ogden Lyman was born August 6, 1847. He moved to the U.S. in 1866, graduated from Harvard in 1871 and married Ruth Charlotte Dana (daughter of Richard Henry Dana Jr. ) in 1876. He became a lawyer in Chicago with his brother David, and died December 16, 1915. Emma Washburn Lyman, born September 16, 1849, married Samuel Whitney Wilcox (1847–1929), son of missionary Abner Wilcox (1808–1869) on October 7, 1874. He

2666-504: The missionaries' arrival, a museum was founded in 1931 by their descendants. In the late 1960s, architect Vladimir Ossipoff designed and built a Museum building adjacent to the mission house. Upon its completion, the Museum moved there and expanded its exhibits. It has extensive displays on Hawaiian culture and is renowned for its collection of shells and minerals, including a specimen of orlymanite, named for Orlando Hammond Lyman (1903–1986),

2728-618: The mouth of the Río Negro on January 25. On February 19, the squadron joined the Relief , Flying Fish , and Sea Gull in Orange Harbor, Hoste Island , after passing through Le Maire Strait . While there, the expedition came in contact with the Fuegians . Wilkes sent an expedition south in an attempt to exceed Captain Cook 's farthest point south, 71°10'. The Flying Fish reached 70° on March 22, in

2790-538: The museum's founder and great grandson of David and Sarah Lyman. The Museum has been an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution since 2002. This Hawaii museum-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a property in Hawaii on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . David Belden Lyman David Belden Lyman (July 28, 1803 – October 4, 1884)

2852-481: The school in 1873. Native Hawaiian Reverend J. Makaimoko Naeole next became Principal for about five years. William Brewster Oleson (1851–1915) was principal from 1878 to 1886, when he was called upon to organize the Kamehameha Schools as a similar boarding school, using the resources of the vast Bernice Pauahi Bishop estate. Author Isabella Bird stayed with the Lymans and Coans during her stay in Hilo during

2914-520: The school in favor of public schools of the Territory of Hawaii . During World War II the dormitories were used by the military, and were finally torn down in the 1960s. David Brainerd Lyman was born March 27, 1840, and named for missionary David Brainerd . He moved to the U.S. and served in the Civil War, graduated from Yale in 1864 and Harvard law school in 1866. He married Mary Cossitt in 1870 and became

2976-696: The school water rights to the Wailuku River . In 1848 the school was officially incorporated, and the Great Mahele formally acknowledged property of 40 acres (16 ha). Dr. Charles Wetmore became the first doctor in Hilo and taught some classes at the school, moving into the former house of the Lymans. By 1849 the Lahaina seminary became a government public school (as it is today), and the Hilo school shifted its emphasis to educating teachers and other vocations. The Lymans enforced strict discipline, dismissing students at

3038-402: The ship, to converse with Hudson, who ordered Walker to return to shore and demand the return of the sailor. Walker then reboarded his boats with his landing party and headed to shore. Walker shouted his demand and the natives charged for him, forcing the boats to turn back to the ships. It was decided on the next day that the Americans would bombard the hostiles and land again. While doing this,

3100-406: The son of the local chief, who was being held as a hostage by the Americans, escaped by jumping out of the boat and running through the shallow water for shore. The Americans fired over his head. According to members of the expedition party on the boat, his escape was intended as a prearranged signal by the Fijians to attack. According to those on shore, the shooting actually precipitated the attack on

3162-400: The street, replacing the thatched structures that served previously for the congregation. The mission house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1978, as site 78001012. It is located at 276 Haili Street in Hilo, coordinates 19°43′18″N 155°5′28″W  /  19.72167°N 155.09111°W  / 19.72167; -155.09111 . Almost a century after

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3224-440: The vessels left the naval port of Hampton Roads , Virginia. The fleet then headed to Madeira , taking advantage of the prevailing winds. The expedition consisted of nearly 350 men, many of whom were not assigned to any specific vessel. Others served on more than one vessel. Wilkes was to search in the Atlantic for various vigias or shoals, such as those reported by John Purdy , but failed to corroborate those claims for

3286-421: The way, Wilkes named the Phoenix Group and made a stop at the Palmyra Atoll , making their group the first scientific expedition in history to visit Palmyra. While in Hawaii, the officers were welcomed by Governor Kekūanaōʻa , King Kamehameha III , his aide William Richards , and the journalist James Jackson Jarves . The expedition surveyed Kauai , Oahu , Hawaii , and the peak of Mauna Loa . The Porpoise

3348-413: Was a politician and businessman on the island of Kauaʻi . She died July 28, 1934. The original Lyman house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1978. The restored house and a modern addition was opened to the public as part of the Lyman House Memorial Museum in 1931. United States Exploring Expedition The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842

3410-473: Was an early American missionary to Hawaii who opened a boarding school for Hawaiians. His wife Sarah Joiner Lyman (1805–1885) taught at the boarding school and kept an important journal. They had several notable descendants. David Belden Lyman was born in on July 28, 1803, in Hartford, Connecticut . from a family with a long Puritan history. He attended Lenox Academy and Williams College from 1824 to 1828. He then went to Andover Seminary and graduated and

3472-410: Was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States. The original appointed commanding officer was Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones . Funding for the original expedition was requested by President John Quincy Adams in 1828; however, Congress would not implement funding until eight years later. In May 1836, the oceanic exploration voyage

3534-635: Was chiefly engaged in preparing the expedition report. Twenty-eight volumes were planned, but only nineteen were published. Of these, Wilkes wrote the multi-volume Narrative of the United States exploring expedition, during 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 , Hydrography , and Meteorology . The Narrative concerns the customs, political and economic conditions of many places then little-known. Other contributions were three reports by James Dwight Dana on Zoophytes , Geology , and Crustacea . In addition to shorter articles and reports, Wilkes published Western America, including California and Oregon , and Theory of

3596-552: Was deemed responsible for the attack against US sailors on Ono Island in 1836. Vendovi was taken back to the US, but died shortly after his arrival in New York. His skull was then added to the expedition collections and put on display in the Patent Office building in Washington, D.C. In July 1840, two members of the party, Lieutenant Underwood and Wilkes' nephew, Midshipman Wilkes Henry, were killed while bartering for food in western Fiji 's Malolo Island. The cause of this event remains equivocal. Immediately prior to their deaths,

3658-474: Was dispatched in November to survey several of the Tuamotus , including Aratika , Kauehi , Raraka , and Katiu , and then proceeded to Penrhyn before returning to Oahu on 24 March. On April 5, 1841, the squadron departed Honolulu , the Porpoise and Vincennes for the Pacific Northwest, the Peacock and Flying Fish to resurvey Samoa, before rejoining the squadron. Along the way, the Peacock and Flying Fish surveyed Jarvis Island , Enderbury Island ,

3720-426: Was finally authorized by Congress and created by President Andrew Jackson . The expedition is sometimes called the U.S. Ex. Ex. for short, or the Wilkes Expedition in honor of its next appointed commanding officer, United States Navy Lieutenant Charles Wilkes . The expedition was of major importance to the growth of science in the United States, in particular the then-young field of oceanography . During

3782-750: Was ordained on October 12, 1831. He married Sarah Joiner (1806–1885) on November 2, 1831. Only a few days later they sailed from Massachusetts in the fifth company of missionaries from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to Hawaii. They reached Honolulu in May 1832. They had eight children including sons David Brainerd (1833–1836), Henry Munson (1835–1904), Frederick Swartz (1837–1918), another David Brainerd (1840–1914), Rufus Anderson (1842–1910), and Francis Ogden (1847–1915). Daughters were Ellen Elizabeth (1845–1868) and Emma Washburn (1849–1934). David Belden Lyman died in Hilo, Hawaii on October 4, 1884. Sarah died on December 7, 1885. After arriving in Honolulu, they were assigned to work at

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3844-401: Was used as an informative record on the frequency and strength of tremors and of volcanic activity for subsequent researchers. Mrs. Lyman kept it between 1833 and her death in 1885, and it was later maintained by other members of the Lyman family up to 1917. The journal was referenced during Mrs. Lyman's lifetime by members of the United States Exploring Expedition in 1840. She also published

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