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69-553: Some of the school's famous teachers include Jean Beaufret , Paul Bénichou , Jean-Marie Guyau , Jean-Paul Sartre , and Stéphane Mallarmé . During the greater part of the nineteenth century, the school was the "great Liberal High School" on the right bank with its relatively flexible regime that was chosen by the progressive bourgeoisie for its sons. It is among the few schools in Paris that never had students as boarders: students who were not living with their parents worked, ate and slept in

138-404: A Doctorat de spécialité thesis under Maurice de Gandillac ), and Writing and Difference . On several occasions, Derrida has acknowledged his debt to Husserl and Heidegger , and stated that without them he would not have said a single word. Among the questions asked in these essays are "What is 'meaning', what are its historical relationships to what is purportedly identified under

207-703: A defense of his intellectual project under the title " L'inscription de la philosophie : Recherches sur l'interprétation de l'écriture " ("Inscription in Philosophy: Research on the Interpretation of Writing"). The text of Derrida's defense was based on an abandoned draft thesis he had prepared in 1957 under the direction of Jean Hyppolite at the ENS entitled "The Ideality of the Literary Object" (" L'idéalité de l'objet littéraire "); his 1980 dissertation

276-636: A distinguished university". Late in his life, Derrida participated in making two biographical documentaries, D'ailleurs, Derrida ( Derrida's Elsewhere ) by Safaa Fathy (1999), and Derrida by Kirby Dick and Amy Ziering Kofman (2002). On 19 February 2003, with the 2003 invasion of Iraq impending, René Major  [ fr ] moderated a debate entitled "Pourquoi La Guerre Aujourd'hui?" between Derrida and Jean Baudrillard , co-hosted by Major's Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychoanalysis and Le Monde Diplomatique . The debate discussed

345-460: A historian. He questioned assumptions of the Western philosophical tradition and also more broadly Western culture . By questioning the dominant discourses, and trying to modify them, he attempted to democratize the university scene and to politicize it. Derrida called his challenge to the assumptions of Western culture " deconstruction ". On some occasions, Derrida referred to deconstruction as

414-477: A history, and the structure cannot be understood without understanding its genesis. At the same time, in order that there be movement or potential, the origin cannot be some pure unity or simplicity, but must already be articulated—complex—such that from it a "diachronic" process can emerge. This original complexity must not be understood as an original positing , but more like a default of origin, which Derrida refers to as iterability, inscription, or textuality. It

483-543: A lecture which was published in October 1987 as Of Spirit: Heidegger and the Question . It follows the shifting role of Geist (spirit) through Heidegger's work, noting that, in 1927, "spirit" was one of the philosophical terms that Heidegger set his sights on dismantling. With his Nazi political engagement in 1933, however, Heidegger came out as a champion of the "German Spirit", and only withdrew from an exalting interpretation of

552-488: A letter to then-Chancellor Cicerone saying "if the scandalous procedure" against Kujundzic was not "interrupted or cancelled," he would end all his "relations with UCI." Regarding his archival papers, there would be "another consequence: since I never take back what I have given, my papers would of course remain the property of UCI and the Special Collections department of the library. However, it goes without saying that

621-563: A more "correct" version of his first name when he moved to Paris; some reports indicate that he was named Jackie after the American child actor Jackie Coogan , who had become well known around the world via his role in the 1921 Charlie Chaplin film The Kid . He was also given the middle name Élie after his paternal uncle Eugène Eliahou, at his circumcision ; this name was not recorded on his birth certificate unlike those of his siblings, and he would later call it his "hidden name". Derrida

690-475: A political and ethical "turn" in the 1990s. Texts cited as evidence of such a turn include Force of Law (1990), as well as Specters of Marx (1994) and Politics of Friendship (1994). Some refer to The Gift of Death as evidence that he began more directly applying deconstruction to the relationship between ethics and religion. In this work, Derrida interprets passages from the Bible, particularly on Abraham and

759-537: A radicalization of a certain spirit of Marxism . With his detailed readings of works from Plato to Rousseau to Heidegger, Derrida frequently argues that Western philosophy has uncritically allowed metaphorical depth models to govern its conception of language and consciousness. He sees these often unacknowledged assumptions as part of a "metaphysics of presence" to which philosophy has bound itself. This "logocentrism", Derrida argues, creates "marked" or hierarchized binary oppositions that have an effect on everything from

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828-534: A regular visiting professor and lecturer at several major American universities. In the 1980s, during the American culture wars , conservatives started a dispute over Derrida's influence and legacy upon American intellectuals, and claimed that he influenced American literary critics and theorists more than academic philosophers. On 14 March 1987, Derrida presented at the CIPH conference entitled "Heidegger: Open Questions",

897-661: A significant influence on the humanities and social sciences , including philosophy, literature, law , anthropology , historiography , applied linguistics , sociolinguistics , psychoanalysis , music , architecture, and political theory . Into the 2000s, his work retained major academic influence throughout the United States, continental Europe , South America and all other countries where continental philosophy has been predominant, particularly in debates around ontology , epistemology (especially concerning social sciences ), ethics, aesthetics , hermeneutics , and

966-517: A true negationist, so that he is absolutely not denying the Holocaust (this is demonstrably untrue ; Faurisson had published 2 Holocaust-denying articles in 1978 already, and had claimed The Diary of Anne Frank as a forgery the same year). Beaufret wrote the letter only because Faurisson, who was a former student of his, had been violently attacked in the street. Concerning the so-called anti-Semitic tirade, Jacques Derrida actually didn't hear it: this

1035-471: A well-known and influential public figure, while his approach to philosophy and the notorious abstruseness of his work made him controversial. Derrida was born on 15 July 1930, in a summer home in El Biar ( Algiers ), Algeria, to Haïm Aaron Prosper Charles (known as "Aimé") Derrida (1896–1970), who worked all his life for the wine and spirits company Tachet, including as a travelling salesman (his son reflected

1104-546: Is essentially logocentric, and that this is a paradigm inherited from Judaism and Hellenism . He in turn describes logocentrism as phallocratic , patriarchal and masculinist . Derrida contributed to "the understanding of certain deeply hidden philosophical presuppositions and prejudices in Western culture ", arguing that the whole philosophical tradition rests on arbitrary dichotomous categories (such as sacred/profane , signifier/signified , mind/body ), and that any text contains implicit hierarchies, "by which an order

1173-421: Is "in many respects the most ambitious of Derrida's interpretations with Husserl, not merely in terms of the number of works addressed but also in terms of the extraordinarily focused nature of its investigation." In 1962 he published Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction , which contained his own translation of Husserl's essay. Many elements of Derrida's thought were already present in this work. In

1242-407: Is a method of philosophical inquiry that rejects the rationalist bias that has dominated Western thought since Plato in favor of a method of reflective attentiveness that discloses the individual's "lived experience"; for those with a more phenomenological bent, the goal was to understand experience by comprehending and describing its genesis, the process of its emergence from an origin or event. For

1311-449: Is considered the wellspring of "orthodox French Heideggerianism", which was the element of French philosophy that was most dismissive of Heidegger's involvement with National Socialism after the French publication in 1987 of Víctor Farías 's Heidegger and Nazism . One reason for Beaufret's dismissal of Farías may have been the latter's revealing that Beaufret had written things that supported

1380-546: Is imposed on reality and by which a subtle repression is exercised, as these hierarchies exclude, subordinate, and hide the various potential meanings." Derrida refers to his procedure for uncovering and unsettling these dichotomies as deconstruction of Western culture. In 1968, he published his influential essay " Plato's Pharmacy " in the French journal Tel Quel . This essay was later collected in Dissemination , one of three books published by Derrida in 1972, along with

1449-414: Is nothing outside context. In this form, which says exactly the same thing, the formula would doubtless have been less shocking." Derrida began his career examining the limits of phenomenology . His first lengthy academic manuscript, written as a dissertation for his diplôme d'études supérieures and submitted in 1954, concerned the work of Edmund Husserl . Gary Banham has said that the dissertation

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1518-589: Is this thought of originary complexity that sets Derrida's work in motion, and from which all of its terms are derived, including "deconstruction". Derrida's method consisted in demonstrating the forms and varieties of this originary complexity, and their multiple consequences in many fields. He achieved this by conducting thorough, careful, sensitive, and yet transformational readings of philosophical and literary texts, to determine what aspects of those texts run counter to their apparent systematicity (structural unity) or intended sense (authorial genesis). By demonstrating

1587-466: The Gadamer professorship, whose invitation was expressed by the hermeneutic philosopher himself before his death. Peter Hommelhoff, Rector at Heidelberg by that time, would summarize Derrida's place as: "Beyond the boundaries of philosophy as an academic discipline he was a leading intellectual figure not only for the humanities but for the cultural perception of a whole age." Derrida referred to himself as

1656-616: The Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson .* In a letter sent to Faurisson, Beaufret is quoted as saying: "I believe that for my part I have traveled approximately the same path as you and have been considered suspect for having expressed the same doubts [concerning the existence of the gas chambers]. Fortunately for me, this was done orally." Also Jacques Derrida was shocked by Beaufret's anti-Semitic tirade against Emmanuel Levinas . François Fédier replied that Beaufret actually wrote this letter in 1978, long before Faurisson declared himself as

1725-549: The Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) faction. Derrida responded to Farías in an interview, "Heidegger, the Philosopher's Hell" and a subsequent article, "Comment donner raison? How to Concede, with Reasons?" He called Farías a weak reader of Heidegger's thought, adding that much of the evidence Farías and his supporters touted as new had long been known within the philosophical community. Some have argued that Derrida's work took

1794-503: The Sacrifice of Isaac , and from Søren Kierkegaard 's Fear and Trembling . However, scholars such as Leonard Lawlor , Robert Magliola , and Nicole Anderson (philosopher) have argued that the "turn" has been exaggerated. Some, including Derrida himself, have argued that much of the philosophical work done in his "political turn" can be dated to earlier essays. Derrida develops an ethicist view respecting to hospitality, exploring

1863-662: The Tel Quel group, after 1971, was connected to his reservations about their embrace of Maoism and of the Chinese Cultural Revolution . With " Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences ", his contribution to a 1966 colloquium on structuralism at Johns Hopkins University , his work began to gain international prominence. At the same colloquium Derrida would meet Jacques Lacan and Paul de Man ,

1932-543: The University of Cambridge (1992), Columbia University , The New School for Social Research , the University of Essex , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , the University of Silesia , the University of Coimbra , the University of Athens , and many others around the world. In 2001, he received the Adorno-Preis from the University of Frankfurt . Derrida's honorary degree at Cambridge was protested by leading philosophers in

2001-608: The Vichy government—expelled Derrida from his lycée . He secretly skipped school for a year rather than attend the Jewish lycée formed by displaced teachers and students, and also took part in numerous football competitions (he dreamed of becoming a professional player). In this adolescent period, Derrida found in the works of philosophers and writers (such as Rousseau , Nietzsche , and Gide ) an instrument of revolt against family and society. His reading also included Camus and Sartre . In

2070-471: The aporias and ellipses of thought, Derrida hoped to show the infinitely subtle ways in which this originary complexity, which by definition cannot ever be completely known, works its structuring and destructuring effects. Derrida's interests crossed disciplinary boundaries, and his knowledge of a wide array of diverse material was reflected in the three collections of work published in 1967: Speech and Phenomena , Of Grammatology (initially submitted as

2139-876: The philosophy of language . In most of the Anglosphere , where analytic philosophy is dominant, Derrida's influence is most presently felt in literary studies due to his longstanding interest in language and his association with prominent literary critics from his time at Yale . He also influenced architecture (in the form of deconstructivism ), music (especially in the musical atmosphere of hauntology ), art, and art criticism . Particularly in his later writings, Derrida addressed ethical and political themes in his work. Some critics consider Speech and Phenomena (1967) to be his most important work. Others cite: Of Grammatology (1967) Writing and Difference (1967), and Margins of Philosophy (1972). These writings influenced various activists and political movements. He became

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2208-655: The 1956–57 academic year reading James Joyce 's Ulysses at the Widener Library . During the Algerian War of Independence of 1954–1962, Derrida asked to teach soldiers' children in lieu of military service, teaching French and English from 1957 to 1959. Following the war, from 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the Sorbonne , where he was an assistant of Suzanne Bachelard (daughter of Gaston Bachelard ), Georges Canguilhem , Paul Ricœur (who in these years coined

2277-555: The Discourse of the Human Sciences," delivered at Johns Hopkins University in 1966 (and subsequently included in Writing and Difference ). The conference at which this paper was delivered was concerned with structuralism , then at the peak of its influence in France, but only beginning to gain attention in the United States. Derrida differed from other participants by his lack of explicit commitment to structuralism, having already been critical of

2346-428: The analytic tradition. Philosophers including Quine , Marcus , and Armstrong wrote a letter to the university objecting that "Derrida's work does not meet accepted standards of clarity and rigour," and "Academic status based on what seems to us to be little more than semi-intelligible attacks upon the values of reason, truth, and scholarship is not, we submit, sufficient grounds for the awarding of an honorary degree in

2415-560: The authors who have been influenced by deconstruction. Derrida delivered a eulogy at Levinas' funeral, later published as Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas , an appreciation and exploration of Levinas's moral philosophy. Derrida used Bracha L. Ettinger 's interpretation of Lévinas' notion of femininity and transformed his own earlier reading of this subject respectively. Derrida continued to produce readings of literature, writing extensively on Maurice Blanchot , Paul Celan , and others. In 1991 he published The Other Heading , in which he discussed

2484-447: The conception of speech's relation to writing to the understanding of racial difference. Deconstruction is an attempt to expose and undermine such "metaphysics". Derrida approaches texts as constructed around binary oppositions which all speech has to articulate if it intends to make any sense whatsoever. This approach to text is, in a broad sense, influenced by the semiology of Ferdinand de Saussure . Saussure, considered to be one of

2553-457: The development of French existentialism, and Heidegger wrote the Letter on Humanism (Brief über den Humanismus) to Beaufret in response. Beaufret took his students to visit Heidegger at Todtnauberg in 1947 following a month-long Franco-German academic exchange at Freiburg im Breisgau , while Baden-Württemberg was still under French occupation. Jean-François Lyotard , one of the group of students on

2622-487: The end of 1983). With François Châtelet and others he in 1983 co-founded the Collège international de philosophie (CIPH; 'International college of philosophy'), an institution intended to provide a location for philosophical research which could not be carried out elsewhere in the academia. He was elected as its first president. In 1985 Sylviane Agacinski gave birth to Derrida's third child, Daniel. On 8 May 1985, Derrida

2691-399: The essay collection Margins of Philosophy and the collection of interviews entitled Positions . Starting in 1972, Derrida produced on average more than one book per year. Derrida continued to produce important works, such as Glas (1974) and The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond (1980). Derrida received increasing attention in the United States after 1972, where he was

2760-419: The fathers of structuralism , posited that terms get their meaning in reciprocal determination with other terms inside language. Perhaps Derrida's most quoted and famous assertion, which appears in an essay on Rousseau in his book Of Grammatology (1967), is the statement that "there is no outside-text" ( il n'y a pas de hors-texte ). Critics of Derrida have been often accused of having mistranslated

2829-892: The idea that two types of hospitalities exist, conditional and unconditional. Though this contributed to the works of many scholars, Derrida was seriously criticized for this. Derrida's contemporary readings of Emmanuel Levinas , Walter Benjamin , Carl Schmitt , Jan Patočka , on themes such as law, justice, responsibility, and friendship, had a significant impact on fields beyond philosophy. Derrida and Deconstruction influenced aesthetics, literary criticism, architecture, film theory , anthropology , sociology, historiography , law, psychoanalysis , theology, feminism , gay and lesbian studies and political theory. Jean-Luc Nancy , Richard Rorty , Geoffrey Hartman , Harold Bloom , Rosalind Krauss , Hélène Cixous , Julia Kristeva , Duncan Kennedy , Gary Peller , Drucilla Cornell , Alan Hunt , Hayden White , Mario Kopić , and Alun Munslow are some of

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2898-581: The interviews collected in Positions (1972), Derrida said: In this essay the problematic of writing was already in place as such, bound to the irreducible structure of 'deferral' in its relationships to consciousness, presence, science, history and the history of science, the disappearance or delay of the origin, etc. ...this essay can be read as the other side (recto or verso, as you wish) of Speech and Phenomena . Derrida first received major attention outside France with his lecture, "Structure, Sign, and Play in

2967-620: The job was "exhausting" and "humiliating", his father forced to be a "docile employee" to the extent of waking early to do the accounts at the dining-room table), and Georgette Sultana Esther (1901–1991), daughter of Moïse Safar. His family was Sephardic Jewish, (originally from Toledo ) and became French in 1870 when the Crémieux Decree granted full French citizenship to the Jews of Algeria. His parents named him "Jackie", "which they considered to be an American name", although he would later adopt

3036-690: The late 1940s, he attended the Lycée Bugeaud  [ fr ] , in Algiers; in 1949 he moved to Paris, attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand , where his professor of philosophy was Étienne Borne . At that time he prepared for his entrance exam to the prestigious École Normale Supérieure (ENS); after failing the exam on his first try, he passed it on the second, and was admitted in 1952. On his first day at ENS, Derrida met Louis Althusser , with whom he became friends. A professor of his, Jan Czarnecki,

3105-474: The latter an important interlocutor in the years to come. A second son, Jean, was born in 1967. In the same year, Derrida published his first three books— Writing and Difference , Speech and Phenomena , and Of Grammatology . In 1980, he received his first honorary doctorate (from Columbia University ) and was awarded his State doctorate ( doctorat d'État ) by submitting to the University of Paris ten of his previously published books in conjunction with

3174-413: The linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and Husserlian and Heideggerian phenomenology . He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy although he distanced himself from post-structuralism and disowned the word "postmodernity". During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He had

3243-408: The movement. He praised the accomplishments of structuralism but also maintained reservations about its internal limitations; this has led US academics to label his thought as a form of post-structuralism . The effect of Derrida's paper was such that by the time the conference proceedings were published in 1970, the title of the collection had become The Structuralist Controversy . The conference

3312-721: The neighbourhood via a network of "maitres de pension". The mix has gradually emerged in 1924 for preparatory classes for the grandes écoles , and 1975 for secondary classes. Over the course of its history the school has changed name several times: Preparatory classes are also very old and were treated to famous teachers such as Jean-Paul Sartre. 48°52′29.20″N 2°19′38.36″E  /  48.8747778°N 2.3273222°E  / 48.8747778; 2.3273222 Jean Beaufret Jean Beaufret ( French: [bofʁɛ] ; 22 May 1907, in Auzances  – 7 August 1982, in Paris )

3381-555: The period before the Second World War , he came to know Paul Éluard , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , André Breton , and Paul Valéry . During the war, he was a prisoner and escaped. Then he became a member of the Resistance near the city of Lyon in the "Service Périclès". In 1946, as Heidegger's continued teaching privileges came into question by the denazification committees, he made Beaufret's acquaintance. Beaufret engaged Heidegger on

3450-413: The philosopher had promised to UC Irvine's collection, although it dropped the suit in 2007. Derrida was a regular visiting professor at several other major American and European universities, including Johns Hopkins University , Yale University , New York University , Stony Brook University , The New School for Social Research , and European Graduate School . He was awarded honorary doctorates by

3519-424: The phrase in French to suggest he had written " Il n'y a rien en dehors du texte " ("There is nothing outside the text") and of having widely disseminated this translation to make it appear that Derrida is suggesting that nothing exists but words. Derrida once explained that this assertion "which for some has become a sort of slogan, in general so badly understood, of deconstruction ... means nothing else: there

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3588-654: The present of its prestige and exposes it to something tout autre , "wholly other", beyond what is foreseeable from the present, beyond the horizon of the "same"." Other than Rousseau, Husserl, Heidegger and Levinas , these three books discussed, and/or relied upon, the works of many philosophers and authors, including linguist Saussure , Hegel , Foucault , Bataille , Descartes , anthropologist Lévi-Strauss , paleontologist Leroi-Gourhan , psychoanalyst Freud , and writers such as Jabès and Artaud . This collection of three books published in 1967 elaborated Derrida's theoretical framework. Derrida attempts to approach

3657-415: The question", "the essence of technology", "the discourse of animality", and "epochality" or "the hidden teleology or the narrative order." Of Spirit contributes to the long debate on Heidegger's Nazism and appeared at the same time as the French publication of a book by a previously unknown Chilean writer, Victor Farías , who charged that Heidegger's philosophy amounted to a wholehearted endorsement of

3726-447: The relation between terrorist attacks and the invasion. In June 1957, he married the psychoanalyst Marguerite Aucouturier in Boston . Derrida was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2002. He died during surgery in a hospital in Paris in the early hours of 9 October 2004. At the time of his death, Derrida had agreed to go for the summer to University of Heidelberg as holder of

3795-626: The rubric 'voice' as a value of presence, presence of the object, presence of meaning to consciousness, self-presence in so called living speech and in self-consciousness?" In another essay in Writing and Difference entitled "Violence and Metaphysics: An Essay on the Thought of Emmanuel Levinas", the roots of another major theme in Derrida's thought emerge: the Other as opposed to the Same "Deconstructive analysis deprives

3864-619: The spirit in which I contributed to the constitution of these archives (which is still underway and growing every year) would have been seriously damaged. Without renouncing my commitments, I would regret having made them and would reduce their fulfillment to the barest minimum." After Derrida's death, his widow and sons said they wanted copies of UCI's archives shared with the Institute of Contemporary Publishing Archives in France. The university had sued in an attempt to get manuscripts and correspondence from Derrida's widow and children that it believed

3933-432: The structuralists, this was a false problem, and the "depth" of experience could in fact only be an effect of structures which are not themselves experiential. In that context, in 1959, Derrida asked the question: Must not structure have a genesis, and must not the origin, the point of genesis, be already structured, in order to be the genesis of something? In other words, every structural or "synchronic" phenomenon has

4002-509: The term hermeneutics of suspicion ), and Jean Wahl . His wife, Marguerite, gave birth to their first child, Pierre , in 1963. In 1964, on the recommendation of Louis Althusser and Jean Hyppolite , Derrida got a permanent teaching position at the ENS, which he kept until 1984. In 1965 Derrida began an association with the Tel Quel group of literary and philosophical theorists, which lasted for seven years. Derrida's subsequent distance from

4071-576: The term in 1953. Derrida asks, "What of this meantime?" His book connects in a number of respects with his long engagement of Heidegger (such as "The Ends of Man" in Margins of Philosophy , his Paris seminar on philosophical nationality and nationalism in the mid-1980s, and the essays published in English as Geschlecht and Geschlecht II ). He considers "four guiding threads" of Heideggerian philosophy that form "the knot of this Geflecht [braid]": "the question of

4140-410: The trip selected to visit Heidegger, wrote about the experience thus: Beaufret remained a close associate of Heidegger's, and it was through Beaufret that Heidegger became aware of Jacques Derrida's work . He was "a legendary professor of philosophy, having trained generations of students and future professors" (D. Pettigrew and F. Raffoul, French Interpretations of Heidegger , p. 6). Beaufret

4209-408: The very heart of the Western intellectual tradition , characterizing this tradition as "a search for a transcendental being that serves as the origin or guarantor of meaning". The attempt to "ground the meaning relations constitutive of the world in an instance that itself lies outside all relationality" was referred to by Heidegger as logocentrism , and Derrida argues that the philosophical enterprise

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4278-587: Was a French philosopher and Germanist tremendously influential in the reception of Martin Heidegger 's work in France . After graduating from the École Normale Supérieure and completing military service Beaufret passed his agrégation de philosophie in 1933 and undertook a career teaching as a lycée philosophy instructor. His early philosophical interests were in 19th century German philosophy , particularly GWF Hegel , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , and Karl Marx . In

4347-594: Was a progressive Protestant who would become a signer of the Manifesto of the 121 . After visiting the Husserl Archive in Leuven , Belgium (1953–1954), he completed his master's degree in philosophy ( diplôme d'études supérieures  [ fr ] ) on Edmund Husserl (see below ). He then passed the highly competitive agrégation exam in 1956. Derrida received a grant for studies at Harvard University , and he spent

4416-424: Was also where he met Paul de Man , who would be a close friend and source of great controversy, as well as where he first met the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan , with whose work Derrida had a mixed relationship. In the early 1960s, Derrida began speaking and writing publicly, addressing the most topical debates at the time. One of these was the new and increasingly fashionable movement of structuralism , which

4485-414: Was being widely favoured as the successor to the phenomenology approach, the latter having been started by Husserl sixty years earlier. Derrida's countercurrent take on the issue, at a prominent international conference, was so influential that it reframed the discussion from a celebration of the triumph of structuralism to a "phenomenology vs structuralism debate". Phenomenology, as envisioned by Husserl,

4554-550: Was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , to Class IV – Humanities, Section 3 -Criticism and Philology. In 1986 Derrida became Professor of the Humanities at the University of California, Irvine , where he taught until shortly before his death in 2004. His papers were filed in the university archives. When Derrida's colleague, Dragan Kujundzic, was accused of sexual assault, Derrida wrote

4623-427: Was reported to him by a friend, Roger Laporte, and Beaufret denied it completely. Jacques Derrida Jacques Derrida ( / ˈ d ɛr ɪ d ə / ; French: [ʒak dɛʁida] ; born Jackie Élie Derrida ; 15 July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French philosopher. He developed the philosophy of deconstruction , which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of

4692-482: Was subsequently published in English translation as "The Time of a Thesis: Punctuations". In 1983 Derrida collaborated with Ken McMullen on the film Ghost Dance . Derrida appears in the film as himself and also contributed to the script. Derrida traveled widely and held a series of visiting and permanent positions. Derrida became full professor ( directeur d'études ) at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris from 1984 (he had been elected at

4761-501: Was the third of five children. His elder brother Paul Moïse died at less than three months old, the year before Derrida was born, leading him to suspect throughout his life his role as a replacement for his deceased brother. Derrida spent his youth in Algiers and in El-Biar. On the first day of the school year in 1942, French administrators in Algeria —implementing antisemitism quotas set by

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