83-549: Luso-Indians , or Portuguese-Indian , is a subgroup of the larger Eurasian multiracial ethnic creole people of Luso-Asians . Luso-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and Portuguese ancestry or people of Portuguese descent born or living or originating in former Portuguese Indian colonies, the most important of which were Goa and Damaon of the Konkan region in the present-day Republic of India (formerly Estado Português da Índia or British India ), and their diaspora around
166-436: A "magnificent fortress as strong as any other in the world". On the inland side - the only place where it was susceptible to be attacked - it was protected by a ditch and could only be accessed by a drawbridge. The main entrance was guarded by a bronze lion and the highest tower by a bronze eagle. It housed 7,000 horses and as much men. Some parts of it were rebuilt later but now had a garrison of only 50 men. The church within
249-406: A 1,600 strong population is an excellent example of the cultural diversity, integrity and the extensive trade links of historical India. The place also boasts to be an area where Christian, Hindus, Muslims & Jews have been living together in harmony since centuries within the same region & yet proudly relate themselves as Indians today. Goa was the capital of Portuguese India from 1530 and
332-507: A Creole language called Cochin Portuguese Creole . The Portuguese rule lasted for 150 years until the Dutch annexed Cochin. The Portuguese mestiços were allowed to remain under Dutch rule and even thrived during the subsequent British occupation and later independence. They have their own unique culture and dressing style and a cuisine that is heavily based on Portuguese cuisine. St. Andrews
415-456: A Eurasian ethnic group. They are descendants through paternal lines of European colonists from the 16th to 20th centuries (mostly Portuguese, Dutch, German and British) and with maternal ancestry among local women. Other European minorities in such admixtures include Swedish, Norwegian, French and Irish. The Sri Lanka Kaffirs are an ethnic group partially descended from 16th-century Portuguese traders and their enslaved Africans. The Kaffirs spoke
498-621: A Eurasian mix developed during the Colonial period, beginning with the French, Dutch, Portuguese and other European traders and merchants, including British. Such interaction continued during the British Rule in India, although it lessened as British families settled in the country. The estimated population of Anglo-Indians, the term for these Eurasians, is 600,000 worldwide, with the majority living in India and
581-541: A common language and similar cultural elements. The Malagasy of the central highlands of Madagascar have predominantly Austronesian ancestry, the Malagasy of the west coast and the south of the island have predominantly Bantu ancestry, and Malagasy of the island's east coast are of roughly equal degrees Bantu and Austronesian ancestry. The average Malagasy person's genetic makeup includes a roughly equal blend of Southeast Asian and East African genes. The people of South Asia have
664-616: A disdain for their existence, Parson Terry, writing in 1616 stated that "The truth is that the Portuguese, especially those who are born in the Indian colonies, most of them a mix'd seed begotten upon the natives, are a very low, poor-spirited people, called therefore the Gallinas Del Mar , the hens of the sea!" The English, French and Dutch East India Companies became active in Far East trading in
747-833: A distinctive creole based on Portuguese, the Sri Lanka Kaffir language, which is now extinct. Their cultural heritage includes the dance styles Kaffringna and Manja, as well as the Portuguese Sinhalese, Creole, Afro-Sinhalese varieties. Under terms of the Geneva Accords of 1954 , departing French troops took thousands of Vietnamese wives and children with them after the First Indochina War . Some Eurasians stayed in Vietnam, after independence from French rule. Ottoman slave traders sold slaves in cumulatively large numbers over
830-435: A diverse genetic pool, being composed of South Asian hunter-gatherers, Neolithic Iranians, and Western Steppe Herders . This makes up the genome of modern-day Indians and varies from caste and region. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio , a radical thinker and educator, was of Indian and European background. Prior to colonization, the peoples of India had a long history of trade and other interaction with other peoples. More recently
913-430: A first language only by a minority of Goans, mainly upper-class Catholic families and the older generation. However, the annual number of Goans learning Portuguese as a second language has been continuously increasing in the 21st century. The last newspaper in Portuguese ended publication in 1980s (i.e. O Heraldo switched from Portuguese to English overnight in the mid Eighties). However, the " Fundação do Oriente " and
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#1732891239103996-604: A meaningful way about a hundred and fifty years after the Portuguese. They too set up their posts throughout the Indian Ocean. By the middle of the 17th century there were several thousand Portuguese and Luso-Indians in India and a relatively small population of other Indian-Europeans. By the end of the 17th century, the East India Companies had established three major trading posts in India – Fort St. George ( Chennai ), Fort St William ( Kolkata ) and Bombay Island . In 1670,
1079-408: A minimum of five racial categories: European American ; African American ; Native American and Alaska Native ; Asian ; and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander . Perhaps the most significant change for Census 2000 was that respondents were given the option to mark one or more races on the questionnaire to indicate their racial identity. Census 2000 race data are shown for people who reported
1162-495: A path from the light house. There is ample of water on the topmost fortification, so a night halt can easily be made. The nearest railway station is at Roha which is 42 km from the fort. Korlai is around 117 km south of Mumbai via State Highway 104 and 24 km from Alibag via State Highway 91. Less than 30 minutes from Korlai Fort are private 2-bedroom beach villas. Adorned in hues reminiscent of Goan and Portuguese architecture, these private villas are perched on
1245-593: A race either alone or in combination with one or more other races. In the English-speaking world , many terms for mixed-race people exist, some of which are pejorative or are no longer used. Mulato , zambo and mestizo are used in Spanish , mulato , caboclo , cafuzo , ainoko (from Japanese ) and mestiço in Portuguese, and mulâtre and métis in French . These terms are also in certain contexts used in
1328-425: A secluded stretch of Korlai beach with no permanent habitation for half a kilometer on either side. With nothing but the moonlight to keep company, it is the perfect spot for tourists to unwind and reconnect. The best and cheapest way to enjoy the real taste of sea-fort is staying in the abandoned church on the fort. The trekkers should carry a sleeping bag, torch, and drinking water for a night stay. The nearest Village
1411-431: A section entitled 'Mixed', to which 1.4% (1.6% by 2005 estimates) of people responded, which was split further into White and Black Caribbean , White and Asian , White and Native African and Other Mixed . In the 2011 census, 2.2% chose 'Mixed' for the question on ethnicity. Mixed-race Canadians in 2006 officially totaled 1.5% of the population, up from 1.2% in 2001. The official mixed-race population grew by 25% since
1494-540: A significant majority of their recent ancestors were African. Some percentage of people who look African or native African will possess genetic markers indicating the majority of their recent ancestors were European. In the United States: Many state and local agencies comply with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1997 revised standards for the collection, tabulation, and presentation of federal data on race and ethnicity. The revised OMB standards identify
1577-622: A significant portion of the population in many parts of the world. In North America , studies have found that the multiracial population is continuing to grow. In many countries of Latin America , mestizos make up the majority of the population and in some others also mulattoes . In the Caribbean, multiracial people officially make up the majority of the population in the Dominican Republic (73%), Aruba (68%), and Cuba (51%). While defining race
1660-623: A socially and ethnically distinct group within the Maghreb. For centuries, Arab slave traders sold sub-Saharan Africans as slaves in cumulatively large numbers throughout the Persian Gulf , Anatolia , Central Asia and the Arab world . Communities descended from these slaves and local peoples can be found throughout these regions. Barbary pirates were known to attack European and British ships and take Europeans into slavery as well. So many were taken, that
1743-462: Is a locality in Trivandrum with a history of Portuguese influence. This is evident in the area's culture, particularly its language and cuisine. Historical records indicate that both St. Andrews and the nearby village of Puthenthope were sites of Portuguese settlements. The name "St. Andrews" itself is derived from the Portuguese "Sandandarae" or "Santo Andarae," referring to St. Andrew . Records from
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#17328912391031826-422: Is controversial , race remains a commonly used term for classification, often related to visible physical characteristics or known community. Insofar as race is defined differently in different cultures, perceptions of mixed race are subjective. According to U.S. sociologist Troy Duster and ethicist Pilar Ossorio: Some percentage of people who look native European will possess genetic markers indicating that
1909-416: Is eighty-nine feet. The enclosing wall is 5' 3" high and has 305 battlements for guns. It is entered by eleven gates - four are outer and seven are inner. At the north point, within pistol-shot of the main battery, is the water cistern named Santa Cruz, major source of water. The area within the fort walls is divided into three enclosures by two lines of bastioned fortifications. Each of the seven bastions bears
1992-452: Is from the Lighthouse side. Climbing few steps one reaches in the middle of the fort. The entrance from the eastern side is a tedious walk of 20 minutes. This route is the main route and the entrance is through main gate, but this route is not recommended in rainy season as this is less used route. The entrance from the port side or northern side is good one. One can reach there by walking along
2075-596: Is not classified as "pardo" but as "branco", a white Brazilian . The same applies to "negros", Afro-Brazilians whose European or Native American ancestors are not visible in their appearance. According to genetic research, most Brazilians of all racial groups (except Asian-Brazilians and natives) are, to some extent, mixed-race. In the English language, the terms miscegenation and amalgamation were used for unions between whites, blacks, and other ethnic groups. The term 'miscegenation' initially replaced 'amalgamation' due to
2158-409: Is surmounted by a cross with a coat of arms having the Portuguese stars in the centre and surrounded by seven castles. Other inscriptions over the main entrance and over an altar in the chapel are worn out and undecipherable. During the brief Maratha rule, some of the names of the bastions were changed but now the only indication of their presence is some dismantled shrines. The hill slopes surrounding
2241-974: Is under the statehood of the Republic of India. Significant Overlap with: List of people from Goa Multiracial The terms multiracial people refer to people who are of multiple races , and the terms multi-ethnic people refer to people who are of more than one ethnicities . A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for multiracial people in a variety of contexts, including multiethnic , polyethnic , occasionally bi-ethnic , Métis , Muwallad , Melezi , Coloured , Dougla , half-caste , ʻafakasi , mestizo , mutt , Melungeon , quadroon , octoroon , sambo/zambo , Eurasian , hapa , hāfu , Garifuna , pardo , and Gurans . A number of these once-acceptable terms are now considered offensive , in addition to those that were initially coined for pejorative use. Individuals of multiracial backgrounds make up
2324-700: The Badarpur district of South Assam , had a Portuguese settlement of about 40 families back in the 17th century. Other in Rangamati in Goalpara district of Assam and Mariamnagar on the outskirts of Tripura ’s capital Agartala . Numerous Luso-Indians and Luso-Goans were based in large cities of the Raj with the majority in Mumbai, and a smaller number in Karachi and other Indian cities. In
2407-825: The East African Community ), people of mixed race are called half-castes (in English) or chotara (singular, in Swahili ), wachotara (plural in Swahili). North Africa has numerous mixed-race communities, reflecting a history of both extensive Mediterranean trade around the region and later colonization and migration by African groups. Among these are the Haratin , oasis-dwellers of Saharan southern Morocco , Algeria , and Mauritania . They are believed to be an ethnicity composed of Sub-Saharan African and Berber ancestry. They constitute
2490-871: The Estado Novo in Portugal, and Orlando da Costa , a writer who was born in Mozambique and lived until the age of 18 in Goa.He is the father of António Costa . During the days of the British empire, many Goans migrated to the British ruled regions in East Africa such as Kenya, and Uganda. The mestiço children of wealthy Portuguese men were often sent to Portugal to study. Sometimes they remained there and established families. Many Portuguese-born mestiços became prominent politicians, lawyers, writers or celebrities. Alfredo Nobre da Costa , who
2573-690: The Fort Bassein . Vestiges of the Portuguese occupation are manifested in the distinct dialect of the Korlai villages inhabitants which is a Luso-Indian creole called Korlai Portuguese Creole . This fort was built in 1521 by the Portuguese with the permission of the Ahmednagar sultanate . In 1521, taking advantage of the confusion in the aftermath of the death of the Burhan Nizam, the Portuguese tried to take over
Luso-Indian - Misplaced Pages Continue
2656-585: The Goa University and the majority of Luso-Goan students choose Portuguese as their third language in schools. Luso-Goans have a choice to either be fully Portuguese citizens or fully Indian citizens or fully Portuguese citizens with an OCI (Overseas citizenship of India) granted by the Indian nationality law . Those Luso-Goans of noble descent have a well-documented family history and heritage recorded and maintained in various archives in Portugal and Goa. During
2739-865: The Malacca state of Malaysia, are Tamils with considerable Malay ancestry. The early Tamil settlers took local wives, as they had not brought their own women at that time. In the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak , intermarriage has been common between Chinese and native tribespeople, such as the Murut and Dusun in Sabah, and the Iban and Bisaya in Sarawak. A mixture of cultures has resulted in both states. The offspring of these marriages are called "Sino-(name of tribe)", e.g. Sino-Dusun. Normally, children are strongly affected by
2822-809: The Travancore era mention a place called Sandandare located west of Kazhakoottam and Chempazhanthy . Luso-Indians now number about 40,000 in Kochi and is the main center for Anglo-Indian affairs in Kerala. There are also Catholic families with Portuguese surnames in Kochi , Kannur , Tellicherry , Kollam and Calicut (no longer in Mahé ). Among them, English replaced Portuguese Creole as their family language one, two, or three generations ago, so they usually claim that they are Anglo-Indian (or Eurasian) instead of Portuguese, as would have been
2905-726: The Treaty of Manila , the U.S. recognized the Republic of the Philippines as an independent nation. Even after 1946, the U.S. maintained a strong military presence in the Philippines, with as many as 21 U.S. military bases and 100,000 U.S. military personnel stationed there as defense in Asia and during the Vietnam War. After the bases closed in 1992, American troops left, often abandoning partners and their Amerasian children. The Pearl S. Buck International foundation estimates there are 52,000 Amerasians in
2988-434: The 16th century Portuguese & local Indian languages. The Portuguese left Korlai & Chaul around 1740 & the language also survived due to Portuguese speaking priests, as the priestly diocese was under Goa till early 1960s. It has vigorous use and it is also known as Kristi ("Christian"), Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or Nou Ling ("our language" in the language itself). The small surviving community of
3071-565: The 2011 BBC documentary Mixed Britannia noted that 1 in 10 British children are growing up in mixed households. In 2000, The Sunday Times reported that "Britain has the highest rate of interracial relationships in the world" and certainly the UK has the highest rate in the European Union . The 2001 census showed the population of England to be 1.4% mixed-race, compared with 2.7% in Canada and 1.4% in
3154-585: The English-speaking world. In Canada , the Métis are a recognized ethnic group of mixed European and Indigenous American descent, who have status in the law similar to that of First Nations . Terms such as mulatto for people of partially African descent and mestizo for people of partially Native American descent are still used by English-speaking people of the Western Hemisphere but mostly to refer to
3237-480: The Indian Ocean, and Bantu peoples who crossed the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa. These two groups intermixed, forming the modern Malagasy people; later migrants from Arabia, Somalia, and India added to the genetic mixture. Virtually all Malagasy people are of some degree of mixed descent; however, the amount of mixture varies greatly between regions of Madagascar, despite all Malagasy people sharing
3320-508: The Indian subcontinent for other Portuguese territories and colonies for purposes of trade. Some also became Roman Catholic missionaries in Macau , Indonesia and Japan . One such mestiço was Gonsalo Garcia , a Catholic saint who was martyred in Japan in 1597. Other Luso-Indians went to Macau, then a Portuguese colony, where they intermarried into the local Macanese population. Goan mestiços are among
3403-583: The Indo–Portuguese Friendship Society ( Sociedade de Amizade Indo-Portuguesa ) are still active. Many signs in Portuguese are still visible over shops and administrative buildings in Goan cities like Panjim , Margão and Vasco da Gama . After the Liberation of Goa , the Indian government has changed the Portuguese names of many places and institutes. There is a department of Portuguese language at
Luso-Indian - Misplaced Pages Continue
3486-616: The North. In the early 16th century, they set up their trading posts (factories) throughout the coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with their capital in Goa in South West India on the Malabar Coast . In 1498 , the number of Europeans residents in the area was merely a few tens of thousands. By 1580, Goa was a sophisticated city with its own brand of Indo-Portuguese society. Early in
3569-584: The Philippine population, has Spanish or Latin-American admxiture. And it also has Philippine-American descent. After the defeat of Spain during the Spanish–American War in 1898, the Philippines and other remaining Spanish colonies were ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Paris . The Philippines was under U.S. sovereignty until 1946, though occupied by Japan during World War II. In 1946, in
3652-471: The Philippines, with 5,000 in the Clark area of Angeles City . An academic research paper presented in the U.S. (in 2012) by an Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines Amerasian college research study unit suggests that the number could be a lot more, possibly reaching 250,000. This is also partially due to the fact that almost all Amerasians intermarried with other Amerasians and Filipino natives. The newer Amerasians from
3735-501: The Portuguese Institute of Nobility ( Instituto da Nobreza Portuguesa ), traditionally under the authority of the head of the formerly ruling House of Braganza . In Kochi , the first European settlement of India, the Portuguese settled in areas like Mulavukad , Vypeen , Gothuruth and Fort Kochi . They intermarried with the local Malayali population and children thus born were called mestiços ( Dutch : Topasses ). They spoke
3818-462: The Portuguese population in Madras numbered around 3000. Korlai is central to a small thriving community of Indo-Portuguese Christians, settled for nearly 500 years on the western coast of India at Chaul near Mumbai. This is one of the only unique 16 century Portuguese speaking community in India today, where the language has over the decades metamorphosed to Korlai Portuguese creole , a variant mix of
3901-649: The U.S. (estimate from 2002), although this U.S. figure did not include mixed-race people who had a parent with African Ancestry. Both the US and UK have fewer people identifying as mixed race, however, than Canada. In the United Kingdom, many mixed-race people have Caribbean , African or Asian heritage. For example, supermodel Naomi Campbell has Jamaican , African and Asian roots. Some, like 2008 Formula One World Champion Lewis Hamilton , are referred to or describe themselves as ' mixed '. The 2001 UK Census included
3984-494: The UK. Article 366(2) of the Indian Constitution defines Anglo-Indian as: (2) an Anglo-Indian means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only; Myanmar (formerly Burma)
4067-536: The United States has been experiencing. Korlai Fort Korlai Fort is a colonial fort in the Raigad district of Maharashtra , India. Formerly a part of Chaul in Portuguese India , the structure is a specimen of Portuguese colonial architecture . It was built as a companion to the fort at Chaul, at this strategic position the Portuguese could use it to defend their province which stretched from Korlai to
4150-668: The United States would add to the already older settlement of peoples from other countries in the Americas that happened when the Philippines was under Spanish rule, as the Philippines once received immigrants from Spanish occupied Panama, Peru, and Mexico. In the United States, intermarriage between Filipinos and other ethnicities is common. They have the highest number of interracial marriages among Asian immigrant groups, as documented in California. Some 21.8% of Philippine-Americans are of mixed ancestry. According to government statistics,
4233-448: The absolute monarchy, Luso-Goan nobles enjoyed the most privileged status in Goa and held the most important offices. With the introduction of the Pombaline reforms in the 1750s and then the constitutional monarchy in 1834, the influence of the nobles decreased substantially. After Portugal became a republic in 1910, some Luso-Goan descendants of the nobility at Goa continued to bear their families' titles according to standards sustained by
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#17328912391034316-418: The ancestors of many Macanese today. Before heading to Macau, Luso-Indians migrated to Malacca , Singapore , and Indonesia, where they intermarried with Malay and other native settlers, and descendants of Chinese settlers. Still other Luso-Indians went to Portuguese Mozambique . Known members of the Luso-Indian Mozambican community are Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho , a leader of the Carnation Revolution against
4399-501: The case up to the 19th century. In the Coromandel Coast , Luso-Indians were generally known as Topasses . They were Catholics and spoke Portuguese Creole. When England began to rule in India, they began to speak English in place of the Portuguese and also anglicised their names. They are, now, part of the Eurasian community. In Negapatam , in 1883, there were 20 families that spoke Creole Portuguese. There are currently about 2,000 people who speak Creole Portuguese in Damão while in Diu
4482-430: The centuries throughout the Persian Gulf , Anatolia , Central Asia and the Arab world and communities descended from these slaves can be found throughout these regions. Romani people are of mixed South Asian, Middle Eastern and European ancestry. They settled in Europe hundreds of years ago. In 1991 an analysis of the census showed that 50% of Mixed Caribbean men born in the UK have native British partners, and
4565-404: The classifications were common. The well-known Casta paintings in Mexico and, to some extent, Peru, were illustrations of the different classifications. At one time, Latin American census categories have used such classifications. In Brazilian censuses since the Imperial times , for example, most persons of mixed heritage, except Asian Brazilians with some European descent (or any other to
4648-511: The decades following the formation of Pakistan many Goan left for better economic opportunities in the West or the Persian Gulf countries. Many Anglo-Indians resided at Karachi as well and often married Luso-Asians. The descendants are part of a minority community and are Pakistani citizens and cannot visit their ancestral family homes in Goa post the 1961 Indian annexation of Goa with ease. During Portuguese governance in parts of today's Republic of India, many Luso-Indian, Luso-Goan mestiços left
4731-520: The development of Portuguese society in India, the Portuguese Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque encouraged Portuguese soldiers to marry native women and this was termed as Politicos dos casamentos . The Portuguese also shipped over many Órfãs do Rei to Portuguese India , Goa in particular. Órfãs do Rei literally translates to "Orphans of the King", and they were Portuguese girls sent to overseas territories to marry Portuguese settlers and later natives with high status. Some Portuguese explorers expressed
4814-517: The early years of independence. After Burma gained independence in 1948, many Anglo-Burmese left the country; the diaspora resides primarily in Australia , New Zealand and the UK . An estimated 52,000 Anglo-Burmese live in Burma. The Philippines was a Spanish colony for almost four centuries, or 333 years. The United States took it over after the Spanish-American War, ruling for 46 years. Many Filipinos are mixed Spanish Filipino , and according to Fedor Jagor , one-third of Luzon which holds half
4897-432: The extent it is not clearly perceptible) and vice versa, tend to be thrown into the single category of " pardo ". But racial boundaries in Brazil are related less to ancestry than to phenotype. A westernized Amerindian with copper-colored skin may also be classified as a "pardo", a caboclo in this case, despite not being mixed race. A European-looking person, even with one or more native African or Indigenous ancestors,
4980-418: The father's ethnicity and culture, being raised in his culture. These Sino-natives usually become fluent in both Malay and English . A smaller number are able to speak Chinese dialects and Mandarin , especially those who have received education in vernacular Chinese schools. Due to its strategic location in the Indian Ocean, the island of Sri Lanka has been a confluence for settlers from various parts of
5063-413: The fort are in control of the Maharashtra Forest department. Originally trees of teak were planted on the eastern slopes. Later, in 1996, plantation of Casuarina , cashew and Acacia auriculiformis was done to check erosion. It is easily approachable by road. The road from Korlai bus stop ends at the Lighthouse. The fort has three entrance. The entrance from western side is the easiest way, it
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#17328912391035146-421: The fort was used for worship on Sundays and holidays. Korlai fort was also strategically very important as it guarded the mouth of the bay. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj , the son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , tried to take it over but failed and had to withdraw his forces on 6 December 1687. The fort was taken by the Marathas who held it from 1739 to 1818. The fort is 2,828 feet long, and its average breadth
5229-418: The fort. However the sultan retaliated and sent some of his best men to reclaim the fort. Subsequently, a truce was reached in which the Ahmednagar sultanate occupied the island and no further fortification of the island took place. Only a wooden cross remained on the island as a sign of its former rulers. However, in 1594, Abranches, a Portuguese captain with 1,500 soldiers and 1,500 natives took possession of
5312-410: The fort. The besieged soldiers of the Sultanate tried to block their way by putting a dead elephant at the main gate and a dead horse at the inner gate. But in the end they had to surrender. The Portuguese won the fort but not having enough men to stand guard there chose to destroy it leaving only the central tower and a battery intact. Before its destruction, Korlai had been described by travelers as
5395-433: The language is nearly extinct. In North India , Luso-Indians are only present in Kanpur . During 18th century Kanpur was an important Portuguese trade centre and had large Portuguese population which declined after colonization by British forces. Portuguese form the large ethnic group among Ethnic communities in Kanpur at present and about 1,200 people are buried in the city's Portuguese Cemetery . Bondashil, located in
5478-511: The latter's association with slavery in the 1800s, while 'miscegenation' is today often considered offensive and controversial. The terms mixed-race , biracial or multiracial are becoming generally accepted. In other languages, terms for miscegenation are not necessarily considered offensive. The terms "multi-ethnic people" or "ethnically mixed people" refer to people who are of more than one ethnicity . In East Africa , specifically Uganda , Kenya and Tanzania (including portions of
5561-506: The majority of Chindians in Malaysia are usually classified as " Indian " by the government. As for the Malays , who are predominantly Muslim , legal restrictions in Malaysia make it uncommon for them to intermarry with either the Indians, who are predominantly Hindu , or the Chinese, who are predominantly Buddhist and Taoist . But Indian Muslims and Arabs in Singapore and Malaysia often take local Malay wives, because of their common Islamic faith. The Chitty people, in Singapore and
5644-643: The memoirs of survivors are considered a literary genre known as captivity narratives . When English and other European colonists were taken captive by Native Americans, they had models for recounting their trials. Cape Verde, in west Africa, has one of the most mixed-race populations (around 75% of the population) on the planet. In South Africa , the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 prohibited marriage between Native Europeans (people of European descent) and non-Whites (being classified as African, Asian and Coloured). But this followed centuries of interaction and unions resulting in mixed-race children. This law
5727-400: The name of a saint. The two westward bastions are named São Diego (after Didacus of Alcalá ) and São Francisco (after Francis of Assisi ). The others are São Pedro, São Inácio, and São Filipe. The top of the hill is bastioned as well and is surrounded by a parapet. It has a large rainwater cistern with three mouths, each one foot wide, and the ruins of the magazine and a church. The church
5810-458: The past or to the demography of Latin America and its diasporic population. Half-breed is a historic term for people of partial Native American ancestry; it is now considered pejorative and discouraged from use. Mestee , once widely used, is now used mostly for members of historically mixed-race groups, such as Louisiana Creoles, Melungeons , Redbones , Brass Ankles and Mayles . In South Africa and much of English-speaking southern Africa,
5893-482: The population of Singapore as of September 2007 was 4.68 million. Mixed-race people, including Chindians and Eurasians , formed 2.4%. In Singapore and Malaysia , the majority of inter-ethnic marriages are between Chinese and Indians . The offspring of such marriages are informally known as " Chindian ". The Malaysian government classifies them only by their father's ethnicity. As the majority of these intermarriages usually involve an Indian groom and Chinese bride,
5976-495: The previous census. Of these, the most frequent combinations were multiple visible minorities (for example, people of mixed black and South Asian heritage form the majority, specifically in Toronto ), followed closely by white-black , white-Chinese , white-Arab and many other smaller mixes. During the time of slavery in the United States , a very large but unknown number of African American slaves escaped to Canada, where slavery
6059-639: The process of their religious conversion to Western Christianity by Portuguese missionaries in the sixteenth century; this prevented discrimination among the converts. In the 16th century, a thousand years after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire , the Portuguese became the first European power to begin trading in the Indian Ocean . They were in South India a few years before the Moghuls appeared in
6142-496: The term Coloured was used to describe both mixed-race persons of African and European descent, and those Asians not of African descent. In Latin America, populations became triracial after the introduction of African slavery. A panoply of terms developed during the Spanish and Portuguese colonial periods, including terms such as zambo for persons of Native American and native African descent. Charts and diagrams intended to explain
6225-563: The term "Métis" stems from the Latin verb miscēre , "to mix", the Métis people are a distinct ethnic group within Canada. In the United States , the 2000 census was the first in the history of the country to offer respondents the option of identifying themselves as belonging to more than one race. This mixed-race option was considered a necessary adaptation to the demographic and cultural changes that
6308-742: The world, the Anglosphere , Lusosphere , the Portuguese East Indies such as Macao , etc. Pockets of Luso-Asians of the Indian subcontinent existed in Anjediva , Velha Goa , Damaon , Dio district , St Mary's islands of Mangalore , Bombay (Mumbai) , Korlai Fort ( Chaul ), Vasai (Bassein) , Silvassa , Cape Comorin , and Fort Cochin . There are also a number of Koli Christians , Christian Brahmins , Christian Cxatrias & so on with Portuguese surnames , but do not necessarily possess European ancestry or admixture. They were named as such in
6391-521: The world. There are several mixed-race ethnicities in the island. The most notable mixed-race group is the Sri Lankan Moors , who trace their ancestry to Arab traders who settled on the island and intermarried with local women. Today, the Sri Lankan Moors live primarily in urban communities. They preserve Arab-Islamic cultural heritage while adopting many Southern Asian customs. The Burghers are
6474-512: Was a British colony from 1826 until 1948. Other European nationals were active in the country before the British arrived. Intermarriage and relationships took place among such settlers and merchants with the local Burmese population, and subsequently between British colonists and the Burmese. The local Eurasian population is known as the Anglo-Burmese . This group dominated colonial society and through
6557-585: Was briefly Prime Minister of Portugal in 1978, was of partial Goan descent on his father's side. Similarly, António Costa , the Prime Minister of Portugal 2015-24, is one-quarter Goan through his father, Orlando da Costa . Television presenter Catarina Furtado is also part Indian. Following the 1961 Indian annexation of Goa , many ethnic Portuguese living in Goa, as well as Goan assimilados and mestiços or Luso-Indians fled Goa for Portugal , Brazil or Portuguese Africa , others continued to live in Goa which
6640-634: Was built in 1630 for the use of the army and was functional until 1728. There are three Portuguese inscriptions. One, over a doorway in the centre and highest part of the fort (see picture), reads as follows: This castle was commanded to be built by the Viceroy of India Dom Filipe Mascarenhas in November of the year 1646 and Fernão Miranda Henriques being Captain of Chaul, and was finished in May 1680, Cristóvão de Abreu de Azevedo being Captain of this fort. The inscription
6723-533: Was called "Rome of the East". The Luso-Goans came into existence following intermarriages between the Portuguese soldiers and native Goan women in the aftermath of the Portuguese conquest of Goa in 1510. Luso-Goans spoke Konkani and Portuguese with the present generation also speaking English, and write Konkani in the Roman script . Portuguese was the language of overseas province governance, however Portuguese now spoken as
6806-544: Was made illegal in 1834, via the Underground Railroad . Many of these people married in with European Canadian and Native Canadian populations, although their precise numbers and the numbers of their descendants are not known. Another 1.2% of Canadians officially are Métis (descendants of a historical population who were partially Aboriginal —also called "Indian" or "Native"—and European , particularly English , Scottish , Irish and French ethnic groups). Although
6889-488: Was repealed in 1985. Mixed-race South Africans are commonly referred to as Coloureds . According to the 2016 South African Census, they are the second-largest ethnic group (8.8%), behind Native Africans , or Native African Bantu peoples, who constitute (80.8%) of the current population. European South Africans make up 8.1%. Madagascar was settled between the first and ninth centuries AD by two groups: Austronesian peoples who arrived on outrigger canoes from across
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