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69-614: Lupane ( luːpɑːnɛ ) District is located in the Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe , and it is also the Provincial Capital. The District is situated at an elevation of 976 m with a population of 107,000 inhabitants by 2022. Lupane Town is the main center of the district located 172 km from Bulawayo along the A8 Victoria Falls Road . The Government Provincial Administrative offices are located at

138-465: A diaphoneme , which represents this interdialectal correspondence. A commonly-used system of lexical sets, devised by John C. Wells , is presented below; for each set, the corresponding phonemes are given for RP and General American, using the notation that will be used on this page. For a table that shows the pronunciations of these vowels in a wider range of English accents, see Sound correspondences between English accents . The following tables show

207-517: A guerrilla war against it. The armed wing of ZAPU, known as the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA), was founded by Moyo and commanded by General Lookout Masuku . ZAPU was separate from ZANU as its armed wing, ZIPRA, was aligned with the Soviet Union , who prioritised mobilizing urban workers, whereas ZANU had a pro- People's Republic of China orientation which prioritised mobilizing

276-716: A VC syllable /æŋsts/ rather than as VC /æŋksts/ ). From the phonetic point of view, the analysis of syllable structures is a complex task: because of widespread occurrences of articulatory overlap, English speakers rarely produce an audible release of individual consonants in consonant clusters. This coarticulation can lead to articulatory gestures that seem very much like deletions or complete assimilations. For example, hundred pounds may sound like [hʌndɹɪ b paʊndz] and jumped back (in slow speech, [dʒʌmptbæk] ) may sound like [dʒʌmpbæk] , but X-ray and electropalatographic studies demonstrate that inaudible and possibly weakened contacts or lingual gestures may still be made. Thus

345-674: A Zimbabwean playwright, actor and theatre director 18°56′S 27°46′E  /  18.933°S 27.767°E  / -18.933; 27.767 English phonology Phonological analysis of English often concentrates on prestige or standard accents, such as Received Pronunciation for England , General American for the United States , and General Australian for Australia . Nevertheless, many other dialects of English are spoken, which have developed differently from these standardized accents, particularly regional dialects. Descriptions of standardized reference accents provide only

414-492: A cluster that does not occur initially in English. The division /ˈɛk.strə/ is therefore preferred. If assigning a consonant or consonants to the following syllable would result in the preceding syllable ending in an unreduced short vowel, this is avoided. Thus the word lemma should be divided /ˈlɛm.ə/ and not * /ˈlɛ.mə/ , even though the latter division gives the maximal onset to the following syllable. In some cases, no solution

483-625: A feeder river to Lupane Dam situated next to Lupane State University. Lupane community practice subsistence farming and rely on seasonal rainfall for watering crops. Irrigation is utilised in some areas particularly ARDA Estate in Jotsholo drawing water from nearby Shangani River Dam. Tshongogwe area practice irrigation crop farming and supplies produce to Jotsholo and Lupane. Crops cultivated include millet, sorghum, sugar cane, cotton and corn or maize and vegetables. Small scale farming in Lupane and villages in

552-548: A fricative before /θ/ is elided so that these never appear phonetically: /fɪfθ/ becomes [fɪθ] , /sɪksθ/ becomes [sɪkθ] , /twɛlfθ/ becomes [twɛlθ] . The prosodic features of English – stress, rhythm, and intonation – can be described as follows. Prosodic stress is extra stress given to words or syllables when they appear in certain positions in an utterance, or when they receive special emphasis. According to Ladefoged's analysis (as referred to under § Lexical stress above), English normally has prosodic stress on

621-489: A limited guide to the phonology of other dialects of English. A phoneme of a language or dialect is an abstraction of a speech sound or of a group of different sounds that are all perceived to have the same function by speakers of that particular language or dialect. For example, the English word through consists of three phonemes: the initial "th" sound, the "r" sound, and a vowel sound. The phonemes in that and many other English words do not always correspond directly to

690-413: A mbition and the /aɪ/ in fin i te . Some phonologists regard such syllables as not being fully unstressed (they may describe them as having tertiary stress ); some dictionaries have marked such syllables as having secondary stress . However linguists such as Ladefoged and Bolinger (1986) regard this as a difference purely of vowel quality and not of stress, and thus argue that vowel reduction itself

759-509: A subject of discussion by scholars citing contributory factor to poor performance. The central location of Lupane in the Matabeleland North Province played to the advantage of being the choice of a Provincial Capital. The road networks mainly managed by ZINARA and Kusile Rural District Council through District Development Fund (DDF) , is the main mode of transport for people and goods, as the area has no sea or rail system within

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828-518: A voiceless /r/ (and for some people an affricated tr as in tree ), vs night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/ → [ˈnaɪt̚ɹeɪt] with a voiced /r/ . Cues of syllable boundaries include aspiration of syllable onsets and (in the US) flapping of coda /t, d/ (a tease /ə.ˈtiːz/ → [əˈtʰiːz] vs. at ease /ət.ˈiːz/ → [əɾˈiːz] ), epenthetic stops like [t] in syllable codas ( fence /ˈfens/ → [ˈfents] but inside /ɪn.ˈsaɪd/ → [ɪnˈsaɪd] ), and r-colored vowels when

897-521: A way that divides words in a counter-intuitive way; thus the word hardware would be divided /ˈhɑː.dweə/ by the maximal onset principle, but dictionaries prefer the division /ˈhɑːd.weə/ . In the approach used by the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary , Wells claims that consonants syllabify with the preceding rather than following vowel when the preceding vowel is the nucleus of a more salient syllable, with stressed syllables being

966-566: A whole, lexical sets are often used, each named by a word containing the vowel or vowels in question. For example, the LOT set consists of words which, like lot , have /ɒ/ in Received Pronunciation and /ɑ/ in General American . The " LOT vowel" then refers to the vowel that appears in those words in whichever dialect is being considered, or (at a greater level of abstraction ) to

1035-534: Is affordable by many albeit the higher cost of smartphones that one has to overcome. The Table below shows a summary of Lupane population up to last census, year 2012, the growth rate from previous census was low due to migration. The area is not highly developed and with fewer opportunities available, people move to other urban areas mainly Bulawayo, and neighboring countries such as South Africa and Botswana. Cont Mhlanga – Founder of AmaKhosi Theatre in Bulawayo and

1104-406: Is ascribed one of three degrees of stress: primary , secondary or unstressed . Ordinarily, in each such word there will be exactly one syllable with primary stress, possibly one syllable having secondary stress, and the remainder are unstressed (unusually-long words may have multiple syllables with secondary stress). For example, the word a ma zing has primary stress on the second syllable, while

1173-468: Is completely satisfactory: for example, in British English (RP) the word hurry could be divided /ˈhʌ.ri/ or /ˈhʌr.i/ , but the former would result in an analysis with a syllable-final /ʌ/ (which is held to be non-occurring) while the latter would result in a syllable final /r/ (which is said not to occur in this accent). Some phonologists have suggested a compromise analysis where the consonant in

1242-608: Is generally ascribed to syllables that are pronounced with less force than those with secondary stress, but nonetheless contain a "full" or "unreduced" vowel (vowels that are considered to be reduced are listed under English phonology § Unstressed syllables above). Hence the third syllable of organization , if pronounced with /aɪ/ as shown above (rather than being reduced to /ɪ/ or /ə/ ), might be said to have tertiary stress. (The precise identification of secondary and tertiary stress differs between analyses; dictionaries do not generally show tertiary stress, although some have taken

1311-619: Is home to Lupane State University , located within the vicinity of the town along the A8 , the Victoria Falls road. Fatima High School has been in a long time offering Advanced Level, the government in recent times established Advanced Level in Secondary schools to improve tertiary education enrolment within the region and beyond. The notable Secondary schools to benefit were Mabhikwa, Sibambene, Amandlethu and Zwangendaba High Schools. Some schools within

1380-514: Is phonemic in English. Examples of words where vowel reduction seems to be distinctive for some speakers include chickar ee vs. chicor y (the latter has the reduced vowel of HAPP Y , whereas the former has the FLEECE vowel without reduction), and Phar aoh vs. farr ow (both have the GOAT vowel, but in the latter word it may reduce to [ɵ] ). Lexical stress is phonemic in English. For example,

1449-423: Is seen as being lower due to the rural location of schools offering challenges to learners who travel longer distances and the under equipment of schools. There are 105 primary schools scattered around Lupane district, offering ZIMSEC Grade 7 Examinations, entrance to Form 1 at secondary schools. The issue of non-Ndebele Teachers teaching at Primary Schools, predominately Lupane being a Ndebele speaking region has been

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1518-400: Is the study of the sequences of phonemes that occur in languages and the sound structures that they form. In this study it is usual to represent consonants in general with the letter C and vowels with the letter V, so that a syllable such as 'be' is described as having CV structure. The IPA symbol used to show a division between syllables is the full stop ⟨ . ⟩. Syllabification is

1587-404: Is unstressed, it is reduced to schwa. Also, certain common words ( a , an , of , for , etc.) are pronounced with a schwa when they are unstressed, although they have different vowels when they are in a stressed position (see Weak and strong forms in English ). Some unstressed syllables, however, retain full (unreduced) vowels, i.e. vowels other than those listed above. Examples are the /æ/ in

1656-424: The /l/ is a little longer and the /ɪ/ is not reduced. Similarly, in toe-strap Wells argues that the second /t/ is a full plosive, as usual in syllable onset, whereas in toast-rack the second /t/ is in many dialects reduced to the unreleased allophone it takes in syllable codas, or even elided: /ˈtoʊ.stræp/, /ˈtoʊst.ræk/ → [ˈtoˑʊstɹæp, ˈtoʊs(t̚)ɹæk] ; likewise nitrate /ˈnaɪtr.eɪt/ → [ˈnaɪtɹ̥eɪt] with

1725-1628: The /r/ is in the coda vs. labialization when it is in the onset (key-ring /ˈkiː.rɪŋ/ → [ˈkiːɹʷɪŋ] but fearing /ˈfiːr.ɪŋ/ → [ˈfɪəɹɪŋ] ). The following can occur as the onset : /pl/ , /bl/ , /kl/ , /ɡl/ , /pr/ , /br/ , /tr/ , /dr/ , /kr/ , /ɡr/ , /tw/ , /dw/ , /ɡw/ , /kw/ , /pw/ /fl/ , /sl/ , /θl/ , /ʃl/ , /fr/ , /θr/ , /ʃr/ , /hw/ , /sw/ , /θw/ , /vw/ /pj/ , /bj/ , /tj/ , /dj/ , /kj/ , /ɡj/ , /mj/ , /nj/ , /fj/ , /vj/ , /θj/ , /sj/ , /zj/ , /hj/ , /lj/ /sp/ , /st/ , /sk/ /sm/ , /sn/ /sf/ , /sθ/ /spl/ , /skl/ , /spr/ , /str/ , /skr/ , /skw/ , /spj/ , /stj/ , /skj/ /smj/ /snj/ /sfr/ Notes: Certain English onsets appear only in contractions: e.g. /zbl/ ( 'sblood ), and /zw/ or /dzw/ ( 'swounds or 'dswounds ). Some, such as /pʃ/ ( pshaw ), /fw/ ( fwoosh ), or /vr/ ( vroom ), can occur in interjections . An archaic voiceless fricative plus nasal exists, /fn/ ( fnese ), as does an archaic /snj/ ( snew ). Several additional onsets occur in loan words (with varying degrees of anglicization) such as /bw/ ( bwana ), /mw/ ( moiré ), /nw/ ( noire ), /tsw/ ( zwitterion ), /zw/ ( zwieback ), /dv/ ( Dvorak ), /kv/ ( kvetch ), /ʃv/ ( schvartze ), /tv/ ( Tver ), /tsv/ ( Zwickau ), /kʃ/ ( Kshatriya ), /sɡl/ ( sglods ), /tl/ ( Tlaloc ), /vl/ ( Vladimir ), /zl/ ( zloty ), /tsk/ ( Tskhinvali ), /hm/ ( Hmong ), /km/ ( Khmer ), and /ŋ/ ( Nganasan ). Some clusters of this type can be converted to regular English phonotactics by simplifying

1794-592: The Matabeleland and Midlands areas in mid 1980s. In the 2000s, there have been cases of clashes of ever changing political stronghold landscape of MDC , with ZANU-PF . The Lupane State University was built in 2005, a notable feature to the modern history of Lupane together with the Bubi-Lupane Dam in 2010 on the Bubi River to supply water to Lupane District. A water treatment plant is also being built. Lupane

1863-535: The TelOne offers landline connections. The reception in the Town area is very good, but this dwindles as remote areas are approached. The cost of using a cellphone is high for poor people in the area and many cannot afford, however, this has been a great opportunity for many who receive calls from diaspora friends and families who provide remittances back home. all networks offer data and provide data based messaging WhatsApp which

1932-528: The 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/ , whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless , aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/ ), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/ , see T-glottalization ), while lenis consonants are always unaspirated and un-glottalized, and generally partially or fully voiced . The alveolars are usually apical , i.e. pronounced with

2001-514: The Matebeleland North government head offices. Tourist passing through the Lupane Town may be in transit from Bulawayo to Victoria Falls and Hwange or vice versa. Marketing of area may need to be spruced up to harness tourism in the Lupane Town. Recently built dam and farming activities can be used to attract tourism. There are heritage sites that are probably not harnessed to attract tourist,

2070-639: The Registry Offices were constructed after Lupane was declared provincial capital to serve the Province the Lupane State University rounds up a series of new complexes. The Town is fast expanding with Kusile Rural District Council and Lupane Local Board of new homesteads, low middle and high density suburbs, catering for low middle and high income people. Lupane has three mobile network communication receptions for Econet , Net*One and Telecel , and

2139-506: The Town Centre. A new university near the Town has been established under the name Lupane State University , which caters for the region and beyond. The word Lupane is thought to be a Kalanga or Lozwi word. Lupane is a rural semi-arid area with a growing population and some infrastructural expansion due to status of being accorded the capital of the province under government devolution. The area falls under Savannah climate with four seasons,

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2208-506: The altitude rainfall patterns favours woodlands and grasslands depending on the location in the country. Rains in the Lupane District are generally low, but peak in summertime driven by the ITCZ and winter periods are dry. The summer time is hot with daily temperatures reaching a maximum of 40 C, whilst winters are mild reaching daily minimum temperatures below 10 C. Lupane Town is located on

2277-472: The approach of marking all syllables with unreduced vowels as having at least secondary stress.) In some analyses, then, the concept of lexical stress may become conflated with that of vowel reduction. An approach that attempts to separate both is provided by Peter Ladefoged , who states that it is possible to describe English with only one degree of stress, as long as unstressed syllables are phonemically distinguished for vowel reduction . In this approach,

2346-445: The area own cattle as a symbol for wealth, for transport and crop farming using animal drawn ploughs. Cattle also provide milk used to supplement food and for re-sale as a source of income. Goat and sheep farming are practised to provide sources of food. Poultry farming is more into the chicken and to some extent, few small scale farmers breed turkey, goose, ducks and pigeons. Cattle and on rare occasions other livestock find their way into

2415-770: The area where Lobengula disappeared. Although Lupane history has not been properly documented, the area is thought to have been occupied by the Tonga people who were pushed further up Northwards to present day Binga District by the arrival of King Mzilikazi during the establishment of the Ndebele Kingdom in Matabeleland. To this present day, the area is predominantly Ndebele speaking people, who were also ruled by King Lobengula after taking over from Mzilikazi. Two of Lobengula's counsellors, Magwegwe Fuyana and Mhlanga were buried in Lupane, Pupu area near Shangani River. Magwegwe Fuyane

2484-419: The cluster: e.g. /(d)z/ ( dziggetai ), /(h)r/ ( Hrolf ), /kr(w)/ ( croissant ), /(ŋ)w/ ( Nguyen ), /(p)f/ ( pfennig ), /(f)θ/ ( phthalic ), /(t)s/ ( tsunami ), /(ǃ)k/ ( !kung ), and /k(ǁ)/ ( Xhosa ). Others can be replaced by native clusters differing only in voice : /zb ~ sp/ ( sbirro ), and /zɡr ~ skr/ ( sgraffito ). The following can occur as the nucleus : Most (in theory, all) of

2553-412: The consonant cluster CC is a possible syllable coda; in addition, /r/ preferentially syllabifies with the preceding vowel even when both syllables are unstressed, so that CVrV occurs as /CVr.V/ . This is the analysis used in the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary . However, this view is not widely accepted, as explained in the following section. English allows clusters of up to three consonants in

2622-484: The distinction between primary and secondary stress is regarded as a phonetic or prosodic detail rather than a phonemic feature – primary stress is seen as an example of the predictable "tonic" stress that falls on the final stressed syllable of a prosodic unit . For more details of this analysis, see Stress and vowel reduction in English . For stress as a prosodic feature (emphasis of particular words within utterances), see § Prosodic stress below. Phonotactics

2691-411: The final stressed syllable in an intonation unit . This is said to be the origin of the distinction traditionally made at the lexical level between primary and secondary stress: when a word like admiration (traditionally transcribed as something like /ˌædmɪˈreɪʃən/ ) is spoken in isolation, or at the end of a sentence, the syllable ra (the final stressed syllable) is pronounced with greater force than

2760-657: The first and third syllables are unstressed, whereas the word or gani za tion has primary stress on the fourth syllable, secondary stress on the first, and the second, third, and fifth unstressed. This is often shown in pronunciation keys using the IPA symbols for primary and secondary stress (which are ˈ and ˌ respectively), placed before the syllables to which they apply. The two words just given may therefore be represented (in RP ) as /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ and /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ . Some analysts identify an additional level of stress ( tertiary stress). This

2829-422: The flatlands of Matabeleland North province, as evidenced by straight railway line passing through the western side from Nyamandlovu to Dete. There are three big rivers passing through Lupane district, Gwayi river is on the western side and Shangani river is on the eastern side, both flow northwards and merge at Gwai Shangani Dam northwards towards Zambezi river. The third river passing through Lupane Town, Bubi river

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2898-528: The following except those that end with /s/ , /z/ , /ʃ/ , /ʒ/ , /tʃ/ or /dʒ/ can be extended with /s/ or /z/ representing the morpheme -s/-z. Similarly, most (in theory, all) of the following except those that end with /t/ or /d/ can be extended with /t/ or /d/ representing the morpheme -t/-d. Wells (1990) argues that a variety of syllable codas are possible in English, even /ntr, ndr/ in words like entry /ˈɛntr.i/ and sundry /ˈsʌndr.i/ , with /tr, dr/ being treated as affricates along

2967-413: The following syllable. Thus the word leaving should be divided /ˈliː.vɪŋ/ rather than * /ˈliːv.ɪŋ/ , and hasty is /ˈheɪ.sti/ rather than * /ˈheɪs.ti/ or * /ˈheɪst.i/ . However, when such a division results in an onset cluster that is not allowed in English, the division must respect this. Thus if the word extra were divided * /ˈɛ.kstrə/ the resulting onset of the second syllable would be /kstr/ ,

3036-582: The last stressed syllable of the emphasized word, din ner. Zimbabwe African People%27s Union The Zimbabwe African People's Union ( ZAPU ) is a Zimbabwean political party. It is a militant communist organization and political party that campaigned for majority rule in Rhodesia , from its founding in 1961 until 1980. In 1987, it merged with the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU – PF). The party

3105-401: The lenis stops and affricate /b, d, dʒ, ɡ/ by several phonetic features. English, much like other Germanic languages, has a particularly large number of vowel phonemes, and in addition the vowels of English differ considerably between dialects. Consequently, corresponding vowels may be transcribed with various symbols depending on the dialect under consideration. When considering English as

3174-426: The letters used to spell them (English orthography is not as strongly phonemic as that of many other languages). The number and distribution of phonemes in English vary from dialect to dialect, and also depend on the interpretation of the individual researcher. The number of consonant phonemes is generally put at 24 (or slightly more depending on the dialect). The number of vowels is subject to greater variation; in

3243-411: The lines of /tʃ, dʒ/ . He argues that the traditional assumption that pre-vocalic consonants form a syllable with the following vowel is due to the influence of languages like French and Latin, where syllable structure is CVC.CVC regardless of stress placement. Disregarding such contentious cases, which do not occur at the ends of words, the following sequences can occur as the coda : For some speakers,

3312-499: The mandate to convene a two-day congress starting 11 April 2009. The congress would formally endorse the pullout from ZANU and elect an executive for the party. The party congress of 2009, which was supposed to elect new leadership, took place a month later than scheduled, on 16 May 2009. The congress formally endorsed the party's withdrawal from ZANU PF and withdrew support for its former members who had chosen to remain in ZANU. The congress

3381-415: The middle belongs to both syllables, and is described as ambisyllabic . In this way, it is possible to suggest an analysis of hurry that comprises the syllables /hʌr/ and /ri/ , the medial /r/ being ambisyllabic. Where the division coincides with a word boundary, or the boundary between elements of a compound word, it is not usual in the case of dictionaries to insist on the maximal onset principle in

3450-758: The midst of ongoing negotiations with rival parties, a group of former PF ZAPU and Zipra members loudly pushed to dissolve the alliance with ZANU – PF. The members convened a meeting on 8 November, and it was decided that: Ex-ZIPRA cadres officially withdrew their membership from the Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association, which was under the administration of ZANU PF. They revived ZIPRA, led by Benny Ncube as chairperson, Tapson Moyo as vice chairperson, Petros Sibanda as secretary, Job Ndlovu as deputy secretary, Belinda Ndebele as treasurer, and committee members are Stanley Ncube and Clement Malaba Ncube. The committee's mandate

3519-455: The most salient, reduced syllables the least, and full unstressed vowels ("secondary stress") intermediate. But there are lexical differences as well, frequently but not exclusively with compound words. For example, in dolphin and selfish, Wells argues that the stressed syllable ends in /lf/ , but in shellfish, the /f/ belongs with the following syllable: /ˈdɒlf.ɪn, ˈself.ɪʃ/ → [ˈdɒlfɪ̈n, ˈselfɪ̈ʃ] , but /ˈʃel.fɪʃ/ → [ˈʃelˑfɪʃ] , where

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3588-408: The nearest town, Bulawayo, for selling. Lupane is home to indigenous hardwoods harvested and used around the country and exports. The region has been explored for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) and a resource of over 370,000,000 cubic kilometres (13,000,000 × 10 ^  cu ft) is thought to exist with a purity of 95% methane . Lupane town is the main centre for the district and is the location of

3657-438: The noun in crease and the verb in crease are distinguished by the positioning of the stress on the first syllable in the former, and on the second syllable in the latter. (See initial-stress-derived noun .) Stressed syllables in English are louder than non-stressed syllables, as well as being longer and having a higher pitch. In traditional approaches, in any English word consisting of more than one syllable , each syllable

3726-448: The nuclei of unstressed syllables. These include: Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant feature of English. Syllables of the types listed above often correspond to a syllable containing a different vowel ("full vowel") used in other forms of the same morpheme where that syllable is stressed. For example, the first o in photograph , being stressed, is pronounced with the GOAT vowel, but in photography , where it

3795-426: The other side is connected via Fitting road. Local people in the rural areas utilise donkey or ox driven cart as a mode of transport for crop produce or accessing service centres. A small aerodrome is available in the town area for mainly high profiled people and politicians or investors who come to visit the area for game activities or mineral surveys. Most buildings in Lupane notably Government Complex, Hospital and

3864-750: The points listed below the following tables). The symbols given in the table are traditional but redirect to their modern implementation. The differences between these tables can be explained as follows: Other points to be noted are these: Listed here are some of the significant cases of allophony of vowels found within standard English dialects. Unstressed syllables in English may contain almost any vowel, but in practice vowels in stressed and unstressed syllables tend to use different inventories of phonemes. In particular, long vowels are used less often in unstressed syllables than stressed syllables. Additionally there are certain sounds—characterized by central position and weakness—that are particularly often found as

3933-561: The process of dividing continuous speech into discrete syllables, a process in which the position of a syllable division is not always easy to decide upon. Most languages of the world syllabify CVCV and CVCCV sequences as /CV.CV/ and /CVC.CV/ or /CV.CCV/ , with consonants preferentially acting as the onset of a syllable containing the following vowel. According to one view, English is unusual in this regard, in that stressed syllables attract following consonants, so that ˈCVCV and ˈCVCCV syllabify as /ˈCVC.V/ and /ˈCVCC.V/ , as long as

4002-565: The rural peasantry. It was relaunched in 2008 by Joshua Nkomo's son, Michael Nkomo. In 1980, ZAPU contested elections in Zimbabwe as the Patriotic Front, but lost to its rival ZANU . They merged into ZANU–PF in 1987 following the Gukurahundi massacres . The Unity Accord signed at that meeting stated that: Under the influence of Benny Ncube and Dumiso Dabengwa in mid-October 2008, in

4071-495: The second /d/ in hundred pounds does not entirely assimilate to a labial place of articulation, rather the labial gesture co-occurs with the alveolar one; the "missing" [t] in jumped back may still be articulated, though not heard. Division into syllables is a difficult area, and different theories have been proposed. A widely accepted approach is the maximal onset principle: this states that, subject to certain constraints, any consonants in between vowels should be assigned to

4140-429: The syllable ad , although when the word is not pronounced with this final intonation there may be no difference between the levels of stress of these two syllables. Prosodic stress can shift for various pragmatic functions, such as focus or contrast. For instance, in the dialogue Is it brunch tomorrow? No, it's dinner tomorrow , the extra stress shifts from the last stressed syllable of the sentence, to mor row , to

4209-467: The syllable onset and up to four consonants in the syllable coda, giving a general syllable structure of (C) V(C) , a potential example being strengths /strɛŋkθs/ (although this word has variant pronunciations with only 3 coda consonants, such as /strɛŋθs/ ). A five-consonant coda may occur in the word angsts , but this is a highly exceptional case, as the word is both infrequent and not always pronounced with five final segments (it can be analyzed as

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4278-490: The system presented on this page there are 20–25 vowel phonemes in Received Pronunciation , 14–16 in General American and 19–21 in Australian English . The pronunciation keys used in dictionaries generally contain a slightly greater number of symbols than this, to take account of certain sounds used in foreign words and certain noticeable distinctions that may not be—strictly speaking—phonemic. The following table shows

4347-423: The tip of the tongue touching or approaching the roof of the mouth, though some speakers produce them laminally , i.e. with the blade of the tongue. The following table shows typical examples of the occurrence of the above consonant phonemes in words, using minimal pairs where possible. In most dialects, the fortis stops and affricate /p, t, tʃ, k/ have various different allophones, and are distinguished from

4416-450: The vicinity of its town. The main road passing through Lupane Town is the A8 , popularly called the Victoria Falls road, connecting Umguza District from Bulawayo Province side to Hwange District and Victoria Falls , a gateway to the neighbouring country Zambia . Other roads are yet to be tarred an indication of underdevelopment of the district. Tsholotsho District is connected by the road passing through Sipepa and Nkayi District on

4485-435: The vicinity regions have also utilised the establishment of Advanced Level facilities that may be seen as a benefit to improved enrolment at Lupane State University. Regina Mundi Mission Secondary School located at Gwayi Siding train station has been rated one of the best schools in producing Ordinary Level graduates. There are 29 Secondary Schools in Lupane offering ZIMSEC Ordinary Level School leaving certificates. The pass rate

4554-432: The vowel phonemes of three standard varieties of English. The notation system used here for Received Pronunciation (RP) is fairly standard; the others less so. The feature descriptions given here (front, close, etc.) are abstracted somewhat; the actual pronunciations of these vowels are somewhat more accurately conveyed by the IPA symbols used (see Vowel for a chart indicating the meanings of these symbols; though note also

4623-629: Was formed on 17 December 1961, 10 days after the Rhodesian government banned the National Democratic Party (NDP) . It was founded by Joshua Nkomo as president, Samuel Parirenyatwa as vice-president, Ndabaningi Sithole as chairman, Jason Moyo as treasurer, Robert Mugabe as information and publicity secretary, and Leopold Takawira as external secretary. ZAPU was banned in 1962 by the Rhodesian white minority government, and later engaged in

4692-560: Was the last of Lobengula's Kingdom equivalent to a Prime Minister by modern-day political language, Mhlanga was an aid de camp. Lupane residents participated in the Liberation War that lead to Zimbabwe Independence, April 1980, from white minority rule through the Political Party ZAPU of ZIPRA Liberation Armed Forces wing from 1960s. The area being a stronghold of ZAPU was not spared from Gukurahundi disturbances that occurred in

4761-497: Was to set up the association's structures in provinces and districts in preparation for the inaugural congress where the substantive executive was to be elected. The association would work closely with the mother party ZAPU. At the party conference, the ZAPU National Consultative Convention, held from 13 to 14 December 2008, Dumiso Dabengwa , a former Home Affairs minister was elected interim chairperson with

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