40-595: Commissioner Lucy Milward Booth-Hellberg (28 April 1868 – 18 July 1953) was the eighth and youngest child of Catherine and William Booth , the Founder of The Salvation Army . At the age of 16, Lucy and her sister Emma went to India to work with the Salvation Army there. Emma married Frederick Tucker in 1888. The Booth-Tuckers soon moved to London because of Emma's failing health, and Lucy followed. On 18 October 1894 Lucy married Colonel Emanuel Daniel Hellberg,
80-569: A Methodist revivalist. The oldest child born to William Booth and Catherine Mumford , Bramwell Booth had two brothers and five sisters, including Evangeline Booth , Catherine Booth-Clibborn , Emma Booth and Ballington Booth . The Booth family regularly moved from place to place as William Booth's ministry necessitated until the family finally settled in London in 1865. Bramwell Booth was involved in The Salvation Army right from its origins as
120-602: A Swedish officer. As was the custom in the Booth family, the couple added 'Booth' to their married name, becoming Booth-Hellberg. They went on to have five children together: Emma, Eva, Lucy, Daniel and Ebba Mary Booth-Hellberg. Their son Daniel died in infancy in 1896. Lucy returned to India with her new husband and they together commanded the Indian Territory, taking on the names Ruhani and Raj-Singh respectively. They were appointed to France and Switzerland in 1896. Lucy wrote
160-471: A commission and, therefore, did not appear in the list. General Booth had an active policy of encouraging officers to intermarry. The "Appointments of Officers, 1883" lists thirty-six couples who had done so, the women resigning their own rights of officership to become joint officers with their husbands. The loss of the women officers' rights when marrying contradicts the constant statement regarding equality. The Army leaders were clearly not so radical as to lose
200-663: A converted brothel-keeper who assisted them, were arrested on several charges. Booth was acquitted but the others served short prison terms. On 12 October 1882 Bramwell married Captain Florence Eleanor Soper , the eldest daughter of Dr Soper, a medical practitioner of Blaina , Monmouthshire . The congregation at Clapton Congress Hall were charged one shilling each for admission to the ceremony. She had joined The Salvation Army in 1880 and worked in France with Bramwell's sister Catherine Booth . After her marriage she took charge of
240-466: A great stir in the area where the Booths lived. Female Ministry was a short, powerful apology for women's rights to preach the gospel. The pamphlet identifies three major principles on which her convictions rested. First, Catherine saw that women are neither naturally nor morally inferior to men. Second, she believed there was no scriptural reason to deny them a public ministry. Third, she maintained that what
280-429: A partner in her husband's work and soon found her own sphere as a powerful preacher. She also spoke to people in their homes, especially to alcoholics , whom she helped to make a new start in life. Often she held cottage meetings for converts . She eventually began to hold her own campaigns. Many agree that no man of her era, including her husband, exceeded her in popularity or spiritual results. Her first written article,
320-586: A role he previously held 22 years earlier. These two officers later became Generals of The Salvation Army. There is some debate whether or not the disagreement was with Bramwell himself or his speechwriter, Commissioner Cornelius Obadiah Phelps. Commissioner Phelps was hand selected to lead a team of accountants to the United States to collect overdue missions funding. As a result of the affair, Higgins and Carpenter became somewhat distant from Booth. Another notable Army leader that disagreed with Bramwell's leadership
360-656: A temperance magazine . Catherine was a member of the local Band of Hope and a supporter of the national Temperance Society. When Catherine refused to condemn Methodist Reformers in 1850, the Wesleyan Methodists expelled her. For the Reformers she led a girls' Sunday school class in Clapham. At the home of Edward Rabbits, in 1851, she met William Booth, who also had been expelled by the Wesleyans for reform sympathies. William
400-598: The Army's ideas on many important issues and matters of belief. The Booths rented a small villa, Crossley House, in Clacton-on-Sea , which had a sea view that she loved. Catherine Booth died of breast cancer at age 61 at Crossley House. She is interred with her husband in Abney Park Cemetery , London. Subsequently, Crossley House was donated to people with learning disabilities and provided many summer holidays until it
440-492: The Army, and many became officers. William and Catherine and their son Bramwell and daughter-in-law Florence were all vegetarian. Bramwell wrote a list of reasons he had maintained the diet. The "Appointments of Officers, 1883" lists 127 married men. This number is important, because wives were expected to help run the corps. Since wives were not compelled to attend the officers' course at the Training Home, they were not given
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#1733085571221480-612: The Bible urged, the Holy Spirit had ordained and blessed and so must be justified. She complained that the "unjustifiable application" of Paul's advice, “ 'Let your women keep silence in the Churches' (1 Corinthians 14:34), has resulted in more loss to the Church, evil to the world, and dishonor to God, than any of [its] errors". At that time, it was unheard of for women to speak in adult meetings. She
520-596: The Founder , "for long and exceptional service under peculiarly difficult circumstances, together with her readiness at all times to answer to the call of duty, particularly in the earlier years in India and France, and, latterly, in South America". "Commissioner Lucy" died at Bromma in Stockholm on 18 July 1953, at the age of 85. Catherine Booth Catherine Booth ( née Mumford , 17 January 1829 – 4 October 1890)
560-604: The Friday and Saturday following his death Bramwell Booth's body lay in state at The Salvation Army's Congress Hall. On the Saturday evening 10,000 Salvationists and friends filled the Royal Albert Hall to bid farewell to their beloved former General. General Bramwell Booth was buried opposite his parents at Abney Park Cemetery , Stoke Newington , London. The grave lies near the southern entrance. Huge crowds attended his funeral. He
600-662: The High Council. On 29 April 1929 the now former General Bramwell Booth received a letter from Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin stating that King George V had appointed him a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour . Booth, like his parents William and Catherine and his wife Florence, was vegetarian . He authored the booklet The Advantages of Vegetarian Diet , published by the London Vegetarian Society . In 1925, it
640-537: The Home League, Girl Guards, and League of Mercy. As the years passed the Army's senior officers, including Bramwell's sister Evangeline Booth and his former brother-in-law Frederick Booth-Tucker , began to question his leadership. In May 1928 Bramwell's health began to deteriorate, and by September he was suffering from insomnia and depression. His poor health offered those in the Army who were dissatisfied with his leadership an opportunity to act, and on 8 January 1929
680-521: The Million shops where the poor could buy a cheap meal and at Christmas, hundreds of meals were distributed to the needy. When the name was changed in 1878 to The Salvation Army and William Booth became known as the General , Catherine became known as the 'Mother of The Salvation Army.' She was behind many of the changes in the new organization, designing the flag and bonnets for the ladies, and contributed to
720-475: The concept of man's conjugal superiority. This social policy carried into pay; the husband, as head of the household, received the pay for the couple. The idea that single female officers could manage on less money than their male counterparts was abolished before the Second World War. Until that time, male officers received a third more pay than their female counterparts. Catherine Booth organized Food for
760-493: The first High Council of The Salvation Army convened, and firstly asked the General to resign due to his ill health, which, they said, was hampering him in the performance of his duties and decisions. He refused to resign, believing that his health would soon be fully recovered, so on 13 February 1929 the High Council voted by 52 votes to 5 that Bramwell's term of office as General should now end, based on Bramwell being 'unfit' to hold
800-433: The form of the "Parliamentary Bill for the protection of girls" They began the work of The Christian Mission in 1865 in London's East End. William preached to the poor and ragged and Catherine spoke to the wealthy, gaining support for their financially demanding ministry. The textile industry employed as many women as men and contributed a substantial number of female officers. In addition, domestic indoor servants flocked to
840-946: The international nature of The Salvation Army, with Salvationists in both Germany and Great Britain. However, he was able to steer a course that offended neither the Germans nor outraged British public opinion, saying in his Christmas message of 1915, "Every land is my fatherland, for all lands are my Father's.". Like his father before him, Bramwell would not tolerate any perceived insubordination and he summarily retired Salvation Army officers with little reason or sent officers too young to be retired to distant appointments; such officers were said to be in 'the freezer'. Bramwell faced allegations of nepotism , in that he appointed his own children to posts for which others were better qualified. This system could be seen as being inherited from his father, who similarly appointed his own children to high ranking positions. This led to accusations that The Salvation Army
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#1733085571221880-609: The management of his father's Christian Mission and in the cheap food kitchens set up in its early days. He had intended to study medicine and had a fear of public speaking, but despite these obstacles he became William Booth's amanuensis , adviser and administrator. He became an active full-time collaborator with his father in 1874, and an officer when the Christian Mission became The Salvation Army in 1878. The name The Salvation Army developed from an incident in May 1878. William Booth
920-524: The obscure Christian Mission , established in Whitechapel in 1865, into an international organisation with numerous and varied social activities. He was educated at home, briefly at a preparatory school and at the City of London School , where he was bullied. Known to his family as 'Willie', as a youth he suffered poor health and had a slight hearing loss. In 1870, aged just 14, Bramwell Booth started to help in
960-494: The pamphlet Female Teaching was published in December 1859. Catherine Booth was eloquent and compelling in speech, articulate and devastatingly logical in writing, she had for over twenty years defended the right of women to preach the gospel on the same terms as men. At first, Catherine and her husband had shared a ministry as traveling evangelists, but then she came into great demand as a preacher in her own right, especially among
1000-454: The position. Booth was succeeded in the election of Edward Higgins , his Chief of the Staff . General Bramwell Booth then took the High Council to court, which lost him a lot of respect; he also lost the court case. His sister, Evangeline Booth later succeeded General Higgins to serve as the fourth General of The Salvation Army. Henceforth the General of The Salvation Army would be elected by
1040-399: The song "Keep on Believing" for the Salvation Army. In 1909 her husband died. For a brief time she was engaged to Commissioner Cornelius Obadiah Phelps, before her brother Bramwell ended it. She went on to become the territorial commander for Denmark , Norway , and South America , before retiring in 1934. In 1933 she was admitted to the Salvation Army's most prestigious award, the Order of
1080-428: The well-to-do. A woman preacher was a rare phenomenon in a world where women had few civil rights, and no place in the professions. Catherine Booth was both a woman and a fine preacher, a magnetic combination that attracted large numbers to hear her and made its own statement about the validity of women's ministry. Amongst other activities, Catherine lobbied Queen Victoria to seek legislation for safeguarding females, in
1120-764: The women's social work. All of their seven children (five daughters and two sons) became active workers in the army. Their eldest child was Commissioner Catherine Bramwell-Booth . Upon his death in 1912, William Booth appointed Bramwell his successor as General , by way of a sealed envelope. This process was the legal way in which a successor to the General was chosen, as outlined by the Christian Mission's founding deed of 1878. Like his father, Bramwell Booth ruled autocratically , and expected complete obedience. However, what officers had tolerated from William Booth, by then known as 'The Founder', they would not tolerate from Bramwell. The early years of Bramwell Booth's Generalship were complicated by World War I , which threatened
1160-514: The work of the church at Brighouse . Though she was extremely nervous, she enjoyed working with young people and found the courage to speak in children's meetings. During this period she discovered a model, American Wesleyan revivalist Phoebe Palmer . With William's encouragement, Catherine wrote a pamphlet, Female Ministry: Woman’s Right to Preach the Gospel (1859), in defense of American preacher Mrs. Phoebe Palmer's preaching, whose preaching had caused
1200-399: Was Commissioner Charles Jeffries who would later be British Commissioner. In his final years as General he increasingly gave control of The Salvation Army to his wife, Florence Booth , who was given power of attorney when he was away travelling. She had been the Army's 'First Lady' since the death of his mother Catherine Booth in 1890, and had started several Army organisations including
1240-449: Was a Booth family-business; however, William Booth had once said to his children that "The Salvation Army does not belong to you, or to me, it belongs to the world" and was very wary of the leadership of the Army becoming a dynasty. Discontent simmered among Salvation Army senior officers, including the chief-of-the-staff Edward Higgins and George Carpenter , who incidentally had been sent to 'the freezer' by his appointment to Sydney in
Lucy Booth - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-492: Was a serious and sensitive girl. She had a strong Christian upbringing and was said to have read the Bible through eight times before the age of 12. During Catherine's adolescence a spinal curvature led to years of enforced idleness. She kept herself busy, however, and was especially concerned about the problems of alcoholism . Even as a young girl she had served as secretary of a Juvenile Temperance Society writing articles for
1320-612: Was co-founder of The Salvation Army , along with her husband William Booth . Because of her influence in the formation of The Salvation Army she was known as the 'Mother of The Salvation Army'. She was born as Catherine Mumford in Ashbourne, Derbyshire , England, in 1829 to Methodist parents, John Mumford and Sarah Milward. Her father was an occasional lay preacher and carriage maker. Her family later moved to Boston, Lincolnshire , and later lived in Brixton , London . From an early age, Catherine
1360-409: Was convinced that women had an equal right to speak . In January 1860, following the birth of their fourth child, at Gateshead , during William's sermon, she asked to "say a word". She witnessed to her timidity about claiming her calling, yet William announced that she would speak that night. It was the beginning of a tremendous ministry, as people were greatly challenged by her preaching. She became
1400-458: Was dictating a letter to his secretary George Scott Railton and said, "We are a volunteer army." Bramwell Booth heard his father and said, "Volunteer? I'm no volunteer, I'm a regular!" Railton was instructed to cross out the word "volunteer" and substitute the word "salvation". In 1881, General William Booth appointed Bramwell as his Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army . Bramwell would hold this title until his father's death, when he himself
1440-406: Was named General in his father's will . In 1885 Bramwell was involved with William Thomas Stead in an attempt to publicise the prostitution of young girls. The lurid revelations of how thirteen-year-old Eliza Armstrong was sold for £5 resulted in the 1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act , which raised the age of consent to sixteen years. After the revelations, Booth, Stead, and Rebecca Jarrett ,
1480-444: Was reciting a temperance poem, "The Grog-seller’s Dream", which appealed to Catherine, who had embraced the new Methodist passion for abstinence. They soon fell in love and became engaged. During their three-year engagement, Catherine constantly wrote letters of encouragement to William as he performed the tiring work of a preacher. They were married on 16 June 1855 at Stockwell Green Congregational Church in London. Their wedding
1520-593: Was reprinted by the Order of the Golden Age . Booth suggested nineteen reasons for adopting vegetarianism. He commented that a vegetarian diet is "favourable to purity, chastity, and a perfect control of the appetites and passions." Booth's wife also became a vegetarian and they both believed that meat stimulated the consumption of alcohol. On 16 June 1929 his family was summoned to his bedside, and on that Sunday evening General Bramwell Booth died at his home, The Homestead, Hadley Wood , near Barnet , Hertfordshire. For
1560-483: Was sold to property developers in 2005. Bramwell Booth William Bramwell Booth , CH (8 March 1856 – 16 June 1929) was a Salvation Army officer, Christian and British charity worker who was the first Chief of Staff (1881–1912) and the second General of The Salvation Army (1912–1929), succeeding his father, William Booth . Booth was born in Halifax , Yorkshire, England. He was named after William Bramwell ,
1600-507: Was very simple, as they wanted to use their time and money for his ministry. Even on their honeymoon, William was asked to speak at meetings. The Booths had eight children: Bramwell Booth , Ballington Booth , Kate Booth , Emma Booth , Herbert Booth , Marie Booth , Evangeline Booth and Lucy Booth , and were dedicated to giving them a firm Christian knowledge. Two of their offspring, Bramwell and Evangeline, later became Generals of The Salvation Army . Catherine began to be more active in
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