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29-612: Lubartów was established in 1543 by Piotr Firlej under a founding order issued by King Sigismund the Old . The town is located 26 kilometres (16 miles) north of Lublin , on the Wieprz river, on the border between two geographical regions of Poland - Lublin Upland , and South Podlasie Lowland. Near Lubartów, the Kozłowiec Landscape Park ( Kozłowiecki Park Krajobrazowy ) is located. The town

58-616: A Protestant school in the town, which was one of centers of Calvinism in Lesser Poland in the late 16th century. Mikołaj Firlej invited a number of skilled artisans from France , Germany and Holland , as well as cattle breeders. Lewartów frequently changed owners. In the early 18th century it belonged to the Sanguszko family , who rebuilt the palace, built two Baroque churches and tenement houses. Upon request of Paweł Karol Sanguszko, on November 22, 1744, King Augustus III of Poland changed

87-621: A brewery, in 1922, glassworks were opened. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany . In October 1939, the Germans executed nine Poles , accused of possession of weapons. On December 23, 1939, the German police carried out a massacre of 48 Poles in the town. Tadeusz Illukiewicz, starost of the Lubartów County,

116-421: A death camp aboard Holocaust trains took place on 9 April 1942, the last day of Passover . On the first day, 800 Jews who did not have work cards were ordered to go to the railway station, from which they were taken to Belzec extermination camp . The last one of the train deportations to Belzec was on 11 October 1942, with 3,000 Jews sent off to be murdered. Some of these deportees were sent to Majdanek , with

145-583: A few who stayed to work for the German Army . They were exiled from Lubartów until September 1940. A Judenrat ( German : for Jewish council ) was set up in late 1939 for those Jews who remained. The first President, Jakub Modko Lichtenfel, did not stay at his post for long, and was soon replaced by Dawid Perec. The last Judenrat of Lubartów consisted of five members: Moshe Joel Edelman (President), Shlomo Ber Ciesler (Vice President), Izrael Ratensilber, Menashe Kosman, and Jechiel Weinberg. The ghetto area around

174-411: Is the 10th largest urban center of the voivodeship, and its area is 13.92 square kilometres (5.37 sq mi). The town's original Polish name was Lewartów (pronounced [lɛ'vartuf]) until 1744, when it was changed to Lubartów. Yiddish language, however, retains the original name Lewartów to this day (but pronounced ['lɛvatof]). The history of Lubartów begins on May 29, 1543, when King Sigismund

203-508: The Battle of Orsza and was a trusted adviser of Queen Bona Sforza and King Zygmunt II August . He founded the cities of Janowiec and Lubartów and built castles there. He was also the half-owner of a castle in Odrzykoń , sparking a dispute between him and Jan Skotnicki which would later inspire Aleksander Fredro 's comedy Zemsta ( The Vengeance ). The dispute ended after thirty years with

232-613: The Jews were confined to a ghetto , and in 1942 they were deported to extermination camps and the ghetto was liquidated. The town was liberated by the Polish Home Army in July 1944. An unusual accumulation of amber deposits has been discovered in areas near Lubartow. A company called Stellarium is already mining these deposits, hailed as "the new amber route. Data from Poland's National Geological Institute in 2019 estimated that amber deposits in

261-415: The 19th century. In the interwar period the town's population was 53.6 percent Jewish according to the national census with 3,269 Jews living there in 1921. By the time of the invasion of Poland in 1939 that number has already gone down to 42 percent due to migration flows. The German army entered the town on 19 September 1939, early on in the attack against Poland. On the morning of 12 October 1939,

290-459: The German army ordered all of the Jews to go to the market square where they were surrounded by machine guns. This allowed for the German army to ransack and rob Jewish-owned homes and businesses. This lasted all day. The deportation of Jews to the nearby towns of Firlej , Ostrów Lubelski , and Kamionka , started at the beginning of November 1939. All of the Jews were told to leave. There were, though,

319-581: The Jewish community in Lubartów comes from 1592. By 1676 there were 80 Jews in the town, operating 15 breweries. The Beth din rabbinical court was also established. In the 17th and 18th centuries the Jews received numerous privileges consecutively from Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (in 1678), Józef Lubomirski (in 1688) and Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko family (in 1780, and 1796). There were three synagogues and two Jewish cemeteries, one of which had not been used since

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348-447: The Jews who escaped the mass murder thanks to their Christian neighbours were Berek Tunkielszwarc, Doba Apfeld, Szloma and Dawid Cyngiel, Izaak Pud, Josek Wajnberg with daughter Frajdla, Owadia Tołbiasz, Gerszon Kopfe with wife Rachela and daughter Sura Kopfe, as well as Chana Goldsztein and his wife Bluma. All stayed in Lubartów. Others survived by hiding with the Poles in villages surrounding

377-472: The Lubartów area of the Lublin region may be up to 25 times larger than those in the northern Pomerania region, 1,500 tons vs. 59 tons. And the region's amber deposits are available not as deep as in the north of the country, making mining more economically viable. From its foundation until World War II, the town also had a large Jewish community, numbering nearly half of the population in the 1930s. However nearly

406-575: The Old allowed local nobleman Piotr Firlej to found a town called Lewartów (the original name comes from Lewart , the coat of arms of the Firlej family ). Lubartów was a private town , administratively located in the Lublin Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province . The town became famous when it belonged to Mikołaj Firlej , the son of Piotr Firlej. In 1559, Wojciech Calissius founded

435-572: The course of the Holocaust in occupied Poland . The maximum number of prisoners at any one time was 4,500 according to Virtual Shtetl . The ghetto was dissolved when all its prisoners – men, women, and children – were sent to the Belzec extermination camp among other secretive killing centres established by the SS , to be murdered under the guise of "resettlement". The first mention of

464-557: The entire community was destroyed during the Holocaust . Lubartów was a bilingual town for most of its history, Polish and Yiddish being both widely used. Polish was used among non-Jews as well as for most communication between Jewish and non-Jewish townspeople, while Yiddish was the everyday language of the town's Jewish inhabitants. Among most interesting points of interest is the Sanguszko Palace (18th century). The original palace

493-796: The last deportations, the synagogues and cemeteries were destroyed. The gravestones were used in a pavement at a Wehrmacht base. Lubartów was declared Judenfrei by the Nazis in February 1943. Only forty Jews had survived the liquidation of the Lubartów Ghetto. Some of them were rescued by the Poles, others hid in the forests. Josek Honiksblum and his wife Bluma survived hidden by the Czekański family in their home at Lipowa 3 Street. Dora Wajnbert with her sister Noma and her one-and-a-half-year old baby were rescued by Jan Sienkiewicz living at Legionów 55 Street. Among

522-634: The lower leagues. Among the protected traditional local foods , as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland , are: Lubartów is twinned with: Piotr Firlej Piotr Firlej (died 1553) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic ). Firlej married Katarzyna Teczynska and together they had three children: Jan Firlej , Mikołaj Firlej and Andrzej Firlej . Piotr became voivode of Lublin Voivodship in 1537 and voivode of Ruthenian Voivodship in 1545. In 1514 he participated in

551-481: The marriage of one of Firlej's sons to Zofia Skotnicka. This biographical article related to the military of Poland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This biography of a Polish noble is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lubart%C3%B3w Ghetto Lubartów Ghetto was established by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II, and existed officially from 1941 until October 1942. The Polish Jews of

580-495: The monastery of Order of Friars Minor Capuchin with the St. Lawrence Church (1737-1741). There is also a museum ( Muzeum Ziemi Lubartowskiej ), located in a historic manor house . Lubartów is a road hub, where National road 19 ( Rzeszów – Białystok ) meets Voivodeship road 815. Furthermore, Lubartów is located along the rail line No. 30 ( Łuków –Lublin). The local football club is Lewart Lubartów , founded in 1923. It competes in

609-545: The name of the town to Lubartów (in honor of Lubart - Liubartas , the son of Lithuanian Prince Gediminas ; Sanguszko believed that Liubartas was the founder of his family). King Augustus granted a new coat of arms to the town. The town was annexed by Austria in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Following the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was included in the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw . The 19th century

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638-656: The others going to the death camp in Treblinka . Jews that were found to be hiding were shot. In total, the number of Jews found after last deportation numbered 300. After a while, the Jews that were found were instead deported to the Piaski ghetto. The members of the Judenrat , and their families, were deported to Łęczna . They were shot in November 1942, while Jews who worked for the German gendarmerie were shot on 29 January 1943. After

667-443: The town of Lubartów were confined there initially. The ghetto inmates also included Jews deported from other cities in the vicinity including Lublin and Ciechanów and the rest of German-occupied Europe for the total of 3,500 Jews in its initial stages including 2,000 Jews from Slovakia. In May 1942 additional transport from Slovakia with 2,421 Jews arrived. The Lubartów Ghetto was one of hundreds of such ghettos established in

696-519: The town, including Berek Tunkielszwarc, Doba Apfeld, Szloma and Dawid Cyngiel, Izaak Pud, Josek Wajnberg with daughter Frajdla, Owadia Tołbiasz, and Chana Goldsztein. Frank Bleichman , whose family lived in a nearby village and was eventually deported to the Lubartów Ghetto, avoided their fate, and received aid from the Aleksander and Stanisława Głos, as well as from Bolesław Dąbrowski and his family, all later recognized as Polish Righteous . Dąbrowski

725-414: The two marketplaces of Lubartów were still in existence when the Jews returned from slave labour projects. A communal kitchen was organised for the now poverty-stricken Jews. Deportations were also conducted into the Lubartów Ghetto. An example of this is the transport of 1,000 Jews from Ciechanów . In addition, by May 1942, some 2,421 Slovakian Jews had been deported to Lubartów. The first deportation to

754-570: Was built in the mid-16th century as a fortified residence by Piotr Firlej II . In 1693 architect Tylman van Gameren created a plan for rebuilding of the palace for Józef Karol Lubomirski , and in 1705, the complex was partially burned during the Great Northern War . The palace was rebuilt from the funds of Paweł Karol Sanguszko , and burned again in 1933. Rebuilt in 1950–1970, it now is home to starosta of Lubartów County. Another interesting object are: Baroque St. Anne Basilica (1733-1738), and

783-508: Was executed by the Germans for the crime of helping the Jews. Bleichman went on to become an active member of the Jewish resistance operating in the Lubartów area. Not all rescue attempts were equally successful. The Polish farming family of Jan Galat and his wife Marianna, who sheltered the two members of the Rozgold family, were caught by Orpo on 20 November 1942. The Germans murdered the Jews on

812-733: Was imprisoned in the Lublin Castle in October 1939, and then murdered in Lublin in December 1939 in a massacre of 10 Poles perpetrated as part of the Intelligenzaktion . In June 1940, during the AB-Aktion , the Germans carried out mass arrests of around 500 Poles, who were then imprisoned in Lublin, and many of whom were soon deported to the Sachsenhausen and Auschwitz concentration camps. In 1941,

841-481: Was not lucky for Lubartów, as the town, which from 1815 to 1915 belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland , burned several times (1831, 1838, 1846). Two battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops were fought there during the Polish uprisings of 1830–1831 and 1863–1864 . In 1866 it became the seat of a county, and slowly began modernization. By 1912 it had seven manufacturing enterprises, including mills and

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