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47-467: A $ 6.2 billion deal between Newfoundland and Labrador's Nalcor Energy and Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Emera to develop the project was announced in November 2010. On November 30, 2012, a federal loan guarantee deal for financing of the project was signed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper , Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Kathy Dunderdale and Nova Scotia Premier Darrell Dexter . On December 17, 2012,

94-536: A challenge to Nunatsiavut's claim in the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador . The LMN's original land claim included all of Labrador south of Nain. The Makivik Corporation had their claim to the coast between Killiniq Island and Voisey's Bay accepted in 1993; it later asked the federal government not to ratify Nunatsiavut's claims since it overlapped with their claim. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Division No. 11 had

141-544: A population of 2,323 living in 780 of its 845 total private dwellings, a change of -9.2% from its 2016 population of 2,558 . With a land area of 66,787.13 km (25,786.66 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.03/km (0.09/sq mi) in 2021. According to the 2011 census, 98.73% of Nunatsiavut's residents identify as Christian. 11.25% identified as Anglican while 79.62% identified as "Other Christian" (most likely Moravian ). 1.49% of Nunatsiavut's residents identified as having no religion. According to

188-580: A population of 1,433 (as of 2016). The northern portion contains Nain as well as the Torngat Mountains National Park. Nunatsiavut is located near the Innu communities of Natuashish and Sheshatshiu as well as North West River , Happy Valley-Goose Bay and Cartwright . It is also near the Quebec settlements of Kuujjuaq and Kangiqsualujjuaq . The Labrador Métis Nation (LMN), unsuccessfully filed

235-469: A proposed 563 km underwater transmission line from New Brunswick to Massachusetts . In late 2006, Nalcor registered the generation components of the Lower Churchill Project, including both Gull Island and Muskrat Falls, for environmental assessment with the provincial and federal governments. The provincial and federal government agreed to a combined review process that would fulfill

282-656: A small area of wetland near the reservoir – but the permit was never approved by the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment. Premier Dwight Ball later said wetland capping would have only decreased methylmercury levels by two per cent. The project is more than $ 6 billion over budget, and five years late as of 2022. Projected cost overruns exceeding 70% from $ 7.4 billion to $ 12.7 billion due to poor planning, lack of engineering experience, and related assumptions that were invalid, misleading or later turned out to be incorrect led Nalcor CEO Stan Marshall to say that

329-403: A subsidiary of Nalcor. Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro , commonly shortened to "Hydro", was originally a subsidiary of Nalcor, generating and delivering electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador , as well as parts of Quebec and the north-eastern United States . It also delivers voice and data telecommunications services to customers in some areas. Hydro itself is the parent company of

376-502: A transfer of $ 130 million from the federal government in compensation for the forced relocation of the Inuit in the 1950s; $ 120 million to establish self-government; royalty payments from the provincial government for resource extraction; and land, mineral, and marine rights. Unspecified benefits for Inuit in Labrador not within the settlement area were also part of the agreement. The agreement

423-408: A white person". They were historically called terms such as "settlers" or " half-breeds ". The Kablunângajuit are usually counted as Inuit by Statistics Canada so their exact population is unknown. As Nunatsiavut beneficiaries, they have all the same privileges as Inuit beneficiaries in the region. In the 2016 census, 29.9% of Nunatsiavut's population was unemployed. The Voisey's Bay nickel mine

470-465: Is "an individual who is given that designation according to Inuit customs and traditions". The Nunatsiavut government applies this designation to somebody who is either of mixed Inuit and non-Inuit descent or is not of Inuit descent but settled in what is now Nunatsiavut before 1940. Their ancestors were mainly fur traders from places such as Quebec, Scotland, Norway and elsewhere who often married Inuit. The term Kablunângajuk means "person who resembles

517-690: Is an autonomous area claimed by the Inuit in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada. The settlement area includes territory in Labrador extending to the Quebec border. In 2002, the Labrador Inuit Association submitted a proposal for limited autonomy to the government of Newfoundland and Labrador . The constitution was ratified on December 1, 2005, at which time the Labrador Inuit Association ceased to exist, and

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564-503: Is located about 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Nain. The MV Northern Ranger provided ferry service between Nunatsiavut's five communities as well as Natuashish , Happy Valley-Goose Bay , Cartwright and Black Tickle . In 2019 the ferry was replaced by MV  Kamutik W . All five settlements also have airports with flights formerly provided by Air Labrador and now served by Air Borealis . No community in Nunatsiavut

611-636: Is located at 25 Ikajuktauvik Road in Nain and houses the administrative functions of the Government of Nunatsiavut. The Nunatsiavut Assembly sits at Nunatsiavut Assembly Building in Hopedale . The building opened in 2012, faces Hopedale Harbour and is the first permanent home since 2008 (previous assemblies met at various locations in Hopedale). Nunatsiavut's land claim includes the area surrounding Hamilton Inlet and

658-536: Is transmitted from Stephenville on Newfoundland to Nova Scotia via a 200 kV 180 km sub-sea line to Point Aconi on Cape Breton Island with a capacity of 500 MW. Construction was a 1.2 billion dollar joint venture between Nalcor and Emera . The link came online in December 2017. Once on Newfoundland and the mainland of the Maritimes , power is distributed via the existing grid. Emera hopes to sell surplus power via

705-560: The Government of Canada would provide the project with $ 5.2 billion of financial support to compensate for its large cost overrun (from $ 6.2 billion to over $ 13 billion) and to enable the province to maintain the price of power at a competitive rate (14.7 cents per kilowatt-hour). The government of Quebec and Bloc Québécois Members of Parliament protested against this subsidy, which they claimed provided unfair competition to their own Hydro Québec power company . The Innu Nation protested

752-630: The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador , Nalcor Energy was created in 2007 to manage the province's energy resources. The company had distinct business lines comprising Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro , the Churchill Falls Generating Station , the Lower Churchill Project , energy marketing, oil and gas development, and The Bull Arm Fabrication Site . On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into NL Hydro, previously

799-649: The Newfoundland and Labrador onshore and offshore oil developments. The company is currently a partner in three offshore developments - the Hebron oil field, the White Rose Growth Project and the Hibernia Southern Extension . A $ 20 million onshore drilling exploration program in Parsons Pond in western Newfoundland is also being operated by Nalcor - Oil and Gas. The Bull Arm Fabrication site

846-645: The Torngat Mountains National Park in the northern area of the land claim. The Labrador Inuit Lands Claims Agreement is a treaty between the Inuit of Labrador, the provincial government of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the federal government of Canada, that is constitutionally protected under the aboriginal and treaty rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada granted by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 . The self-governance agreement included

893-477: The 101 km reservoir. Containment is by a two-part concrete dam totalling 757 metres long. This will power an 834 MW generating station. Power is transmitted to Newfoundland via a 350 kV high-voltage direct current line with a capacity of 900 MW. The total length is 1,100 km, of which 30 km are submarine power cables under the Strait of Belle Isle . Construction began in 2014 and ended in 2018. Power

940-485: The 2016 census, 91.8% of Nunatsiavut's residents are of Indigenous ancestry. Of the 2,350 Indigenous Canadians , a total of 2,290 were Inuit, 35 were Métis and 25 were First Nations . Nunatsiavut grants enrollment to what it defines as two different ethnicities, Inuit and the Kablunângajuit (mixed Inuit-European). According to the Nunatsiavut government, somebody who is a Kablunângajuk (plural: Kablunângajuit)

987-587: The Assembly. From the Assembly, a member will be elected to act as First Minister. The Assembly would act as a forum for discussion of laws, and it will oversee the Executive Council. The Nunatsiavut Executive Council will be appointed by the First Minister. It will implement laws, develop and implement policy, initiate and prepare legislation, oversee the administration of the government, and be accountable to

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1034-514: The Assembly. Inuit Community Governments were established in Nain, Hopedale, Makkovik, Postville and Rigolet. Each consists of a municipal council, elected from and by both Inuit and non-Inuit residents, and is led by an Angajukĸâk , a chief executive officer and mayor, who must be Inuk. Large settlements of Labrador Inuit outside the settlement area will be represented by Inuit Community Corporations. The Angajukĸâk of each Inuit Community Government and

1081-612: The Hydro Group of Companies, which comprises: The Churchill Falls Generating Station is one of the largest underground powerhouses in the world. The plant has 11 turbines with a rated capacity of 5,428 megawatts. Nalcor controlled a 65.8% share of the Churchill Falls Labrador Corporation Limited , the owner of the Churchill Falls station while Quebec's government-owned utility , Hydro-Québec , owns

1128-493: The Labrador Inuit Association, the government of the province of Newfoundland, and the government of Canada began negotiations based on the land claim. An agreement-in-principle was achieved in 2001, and on May 26, 2004, the agreement was ratified by over 75% of eligible voters subject to the land claim. On January 22, 2005, the Inuit of Nunatsiavut signed the Labrador Inuit Lands Claims Agreement with

1175-851: The chairperson of each Inuit Community Corporation will represent his or her community in the Nunatsiavut Assembly. There are seven departments headed by six ministers with Nunatsiavut Secretariat headed by the President of the Executive Council. Chapters 12 and 13 of the Labrador Inuit Land Claim Agreement created the Torngat Wildlife and Plants Co-management Board, and the Torngat Joint Fisheries Board. While each community has government facilities, there are two key sites: Nunatsiavut Government Head Office

1222-524: The coastline north to a point south of Davis Inlet ; the Mulligan River also forms part of the boundary. It also claims the land north of the Notakwanon River and as far north as Cape Chidley . Nunatsiavut is the southernmost recognized Inuit territory in Canada. Nunatsiavut's territory consists of two geographic regions. The southern portion contains Rigolet, Makkovik, Postville and Hopedale and has

1269-434: The completion of the final successful test of the 1100 km transmission link to Newfoundland. Commissioning by the federal government will be announced following the completion of paperwork. Originally approved in 2012 with an anticipated price tag of around $ 7.4 billion, the costs of the project increased to more than $ 13 billion. Reservoir impoundment was completed in 2019 with the flooding of 41 km of land to create

1316-465: The decision stating they had not been consulted. The Innu Nation also raised concerns about the compensation claimed by the Innu and how cost overruns may reduce the amount of Innu royalties received under the 2011 impact and benefits agreement. Nalcor Energy Nalcor Energy was an energy corporation which headquartered in St. John's , Newfoundland and Labrador . A provincial Crown corporation under

1363-455: The establishment of an independent committee to make recommendations on mitigating potential impacts of methylmercury on human health from the Lower Churchill Project at Muskrat Falls, Labrador. In 2018, the committee recommended – among other things – wetland capping to stem the release of methylmercury . During the Muskrat Falls inquiry in 2019, it was revealed

1410-410: The fall of 2021. However, there were delays in construction, including on the corresponding Labrador–Island Link which will transmit generated power to a converter outside St. John's . On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro . In April 2023, Jennifer Williams, CEO of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, announced

1457-596: The federal and provincial governments covering 72,520 km (28,000 sq mi) of land, including the entire northern salient of Labrador north of Nain as well as a portion of the Atlantic coast south of there. The agreement also includes 44,030 km (17,000 sq mi) of sea rights. Although the Inuit will not own the whole area, they were granted special rights related to traditional land use, and they will own 15,800 km (6,100 sq mi) designated Labrador Inuit Lands. The agreement also establishes

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1504-421: The goal for negotiations to conclude within three years. The land claim agreement provided for the establishment of the Government of Nunatsiavut to represent the residents of the land claim area and any Labrador Inuit living elsewhere in Canada. Nunatsiavut remained a part of Newfoundland and Labrador, but the Government of Nunatsiavut acquired the jurisdictional authority over health, education, and justice in

1551-622: The land claim area. Nunatsiavut operates under a consensus government within the parliamentary system of Canada. The legislature of the government is based in Hopedale, and its administrative centre is in Nain . It is subject to the Nunatsiavut Elections Act . The Nunatsiavut Assembly consists of a minimum of 16 members, including: There are currently two Inuit Community Corporations, NunaKatiget Inuit Community Corporation and Sivunivut Inuit Community Corporation , and 18 members in

1598-589: The new Government of Nunatsiavut was established, initially being responsible for health, education and cultural affairs. It is also responsible for setting and conducting elections, the first of which was executed in October 2006. An election for the ordinary members of the Nunatsiavut Assembly was held on May 4, 2010. Its incumbent president is Johannes Lampe who assumed office in 2016. In Inuttitut / Inuktitut , Nunatsiavut means "Our Beautiful Land". This name

1645-543: The official transfer of power from the provincial government to the newly formed Government of Nunatsiavut "to make their own laws relating to cultural affairs, education and health". In October 2006, Nunatsiavut held its first election to form a nine-member government, which was sworn in on October 16 in Hopedale . In 2019, there were 150 Inuit children in the care of the Department of Children, Seniors, and Social Development . An independent review, A Long Wait for Change ,

1692-418: The project was a boondoggle . In 2017, Premier Dwight Ball called a public inquiry into the project, which took place between 2018 and 2020. In the inquiry report, Commissioner Richard LeBlanc concluded the government failed its duty to residents by predetermining that the megaproject would proceed no matter what. In his report, LeBlanc concluded that the business case, which assumed the Muskrat Falls project

1739-571: The project was acceptable to them. In 2016, researchers from Harvard University suggested that methylmercury levels in fish would rise as a result of the project. After protests led by Indigenous groups in Central Labrador in 2016, an agreement was reached by Labrador’s three Indigenous groups ( Nunatsiavut Government, Innu Nation and the NunatuKavut Community Council) and the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador outlining

1786-528: The provincial government announced project sanction. Emera received approval to proceed with the Maritime Link from the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board in 2013. Financial close for the loan guarantee occurred in late 2013. On September 23, 2020, the first unit at Muskrat Falls was synced to the electricity grid in Labrador. Power from the remaining three units was originally expected to come online in

1833-627: The provincial government began in 2006, resulting in the New Dawn (Tshash Petapen) Agreement, finalized in 2011. This agreement included an Impacts and Benefits Agreement (IBA), a Redress Agreement related to damage caused by the Churchill Falls development, and an agreement in principle about the Innu Nation’s land claim. Upon the ratification of the New Dawn Agreement, the Innu Nation indicated that

1880-543: The provincial government wouldn’t be completing wetland capping at the Muskrat Falls reservoir as previously planned. The $ 30 million designated for the capping was split up and offered to all three Indigenous governments, with the Innu Nation and NunatuKavut accepting. Nalcor had applied for a permit in July 2018 to carry out the approximately 13 hectares of wetland capping – essentially pouring sand and stone over

1927-561: The remaining shares. The Lower Churchill Project is a planned project to develop the remaining 35% of the Churchill River , that has not already been developed by the Upper Churchill Falls Generating Station . The Lower Churchill's two installations at Gull Island and Muskrat Falls will have a combined capacity of over 3,000 MW. Nalcor Energy's Oil and Gas division held and managed oil and gas interests in

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1974-408: The requirements of both levels of government, resulting in the formation of a Joint Review Panel. In 2010, the focus shifted to Muskrat Falls only. The environmental assessment for the transmission lines was done separately and was conducted in 2013. Many Indigenous peoples had serious concerns about how the land and wildlife would be changed by the development. Negotiations between the Innu Nation and

2021-455: Was completed by the province's Child and Youth Advocate at the request of the Nunatsiavut government and released in 2019. It contained 33 recommendations, including providing the support needed to transition to an Inuit-led child welfare system in Nunatsiavut. On June 18, 2021, Nunatsiavut stated that it had begun the process of seeking devolution of child protection services from the Department of Children, Seniors, and Social Development with

2068-642: Was developed in the early 1990s and is Atlantic Canada 's largest industrial fabrication site. The site is located 150 kilometers west of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador . The Hibernia oil field's gravity base structure was constructed at the site, as well work on the two Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel's for the Terra Nova oil field and the White Rose oil field were done here. Nunatsiavut Nunatsiavut ( / n uː ˈ n ɑː t s i ə v ʊ t / ; Inuktitut : ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᑦ )

2115-493: Was ratified by the Labrador Inuit Constitution and passed by the Labrador Inuit Association in 2002. A primary objective of autonomy is for the preservation of the Inuit culture and language , as well as the environment through environmental stewardship. Nunatsiavut is counted in the census as Division 11. The Labrador Inuit Association had filed a land claim for portions of Labradorian land in 1977. In 1988,

2162-581: Was ratified by the Labrador Inuit, the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador , and the Parliament of Canada , where it received Royal Assent on June 23, 2005. On December 1, 2005, the constitution was formally adopted, and a swearing-in ceremony was held for the first cabinet, an interim government which consisted of members of the Labrador Inuit Association board of directors. This day marked

2209-452: Was the lowest-cost power option, was “questionable.” LeBlanc said that the project’s economics were not sufficiently tested and that Nalcor failed to consider all potentially viable power options. LeBlanc said that Nalcor concealed information that could have undermined the business case for the project from the public and government. In July 2021, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that

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