In fungi , a basidiocarp , basidiome , or basidioma ( pl. basidiomata ) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete , the multicellular structure on which the spore -producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes ; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms , while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles .
13-537: L. fractipes L. sibiricus L. spissus L. subgiganteus L. tomentosus L. wynneae Loweomyces is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae (formerly placed in the Meruliaceae ). It was originally circumscribed as a subgenus of Spongipellis by the Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdeněk Pouzar in 1976. Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich promoted it to
26-399: A cap and stipe . The hyphal system is either monomitic (possessing only generative hyphae) or dimitic (having both generative and pseudo-skeletal hyphae). The genus contained four species as of January 2015. Two new species from Brazil were described in 2016. Loweomyces fractipes Loweomyces fractipes is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae , and
39-406: A genus segregate from Spongipellis in 1982, with two species: L. fractipes (the type ), and L. wynneae . Jülich thought the genus should be distinct from Spongipellis based on the larger basidia , the absence of skeletal hyphae, and smaller tubes. L. fractipes and L. wynneae have had their generic positions confirmed with molecular phylogenetics , and both group in
52-481: A structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi . In more complex basidiocarps, there is differentiation into a stipe , a pileus , and/or various types of hymenophores . Basidiocarps are classified into various types of growth forms based on the degree of differentiation into a stipe, pileus, and hymenophore, as well as the type of hymenophore, if present. Growth forms include: Basic divisions of Agaricomycotina were formerly based entirely upon
65-463: Is cylindric to flattened and expanded towards the cap. The colour of the pore surface is white to cream, and consists of tiny, angular pores numbering 4–5 per millimetre. The context in cap and stipe are white and comprise two layers: a hard inner or lower layer that is covered with a much looser layer, which may be agglutinated on the surface with age. The tube layer is the same colour as the pore surface, and up to 3 mm thick. The hyphal system
78-450: Is found in Europe, North America, Costa Rica, South America (Brazil), and Korea. Basidiocarp All basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced. Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium, and the basidia ultimately produce spores. In its simplest form, a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface; such
91-422: Is monomitic, containing only generative hyphae. These hyphae have clamp connections , which in the subhymenium and trama are thin-walled and 3–5 μm in diameter. In the context and especially the stipe, the hyphae are much more thick-walled and reminiscent of skeletal hyphae, but with scattered clamps. These hyphae are interpreted by Ryvarden as sclerified generative hyphae. Cystidia are variably present in
104-455: Is placed centrally to laterally, dimidiate with fan- to kidney-shaped caps or almost effused-reflexed, 1–4 cm wide, 1–5 mm thick, soft when fresh, brittle when dry. The upper surface of the cap is white in young specimens, but becomes yellowish with age, at first finely tomentose, with age more adpressed and semi-glabrous, often somewhat wrinkled, usually azonate. When the stipe is present it is white to yellowish, measuring up to 4 cm long, and it
117-567: The hymenium . They are often difficult to observe during microscopy. Their shape is ventricose to cylindrical, and they are thin-walled, measuring 15–25 by 5–6.5 μm. The basidia are broadly club-shaped, and have four sterigmata . They have a basal clamp, and measure 15–20 by 6–9 μm. The shape of the spores ranges from broadly ellipsoid to egg-shaped to more or less spherical, and measure 4.5–6 by 4–5 μm. They are slightly thick-walled, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent . Loweomyces fractipes
130-571: The type species of the genus Loweomyces . It is a widely distributed species, found in North America, Europe, Central America, South America, and Korea. The fungus was originally described in 1872 as Polypores fractipes by Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis . The type specimens had been sent to Berkeley by American botanist Henry William Ravenel . It has been transferred to many different polypore genera in its taxonomic history. William Murrill moved it to Grifola in 1904, while it
143-502: The "residual polyploid clade ", one of four main lineages of the Polyporales . The genus is named in honour of American mycologist and polypore specialist Josiah Lincoln Lowe . Loweomyces is distinguished by the ease of spore germination in growth media , larger basidia , the absence of skeletal hyphae , and smaller tubes, plates or spines, compared with European Spongipellis species. Fruit bodies are either crust-like or have
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#1732873706239156-465: The growth form of the mushroom. Molecular phylogenetic investigation (as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi. For example, agarics have arisen independently in the Agaricales ,
169-608: Was later transferred to Abortiporus (Bondartsev, 1959), Heteroporus (Fidalgo, 1969), and Spongipellis ( Kotlaba & Pouzar, 1976). In 1982, Walter Jülich transferred it to Loweomyces , originally a subgenus of Spongipellis but elevated to generic status by Jülich. Heterotypic synonyms (having different types ) of Loweomyces fractipes include Abortiporus tropicalis Murrill (1910) , Polyporus delicatus Berk. & M.A.Curtis (1872) , and Polyporus humilis Peck (1874) . The fruit bodies of Loweomyces fractipes can be quite variable in form. The stipe
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