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71-566: Bellson and his wife, actress and singer Pearl Bailey (married from 1952 until Bailey's death in 1990), had the second highest number of appearances at the White House (only Bob Hope had more). Bellson was a vice president at Remo , a drum company. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1985. Bellson was born in Rock Falls, Illinois , in 1924, where his father owned

142-610: A Republican , was appointed by President Richard Nixon as the nation's "Ambassador of Love" in 1970. She attended several meetings of the United Nations and later appeared in a campaign ad for President Gerald Ford in the 1976 election . She was awarded the Bronze Medallion in 1968, the highest award conferred upon civilians by New York City. Bailey was a close friend of actress Joan Crawford . In 1969, Crawford and Bailey joined fellow friend Gypsy Rose Lee in accepting

213-546: A family history , from which 5–10 percent can be attributed to a causative risk gene mutation , although harboring one of these mutations may not lead to the disease. As of 2024, around 90 genetic risk variants across 78 genomic loci have been identified with studies employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to uncover detailed insights into these genetic factors. Notable risk genes include SNCA , LRRK2 , and VPS35 for autosomal dominant inheritance, and PRKN , PINK1 , and DJ1 for autosomal recessive inheritance. LRRK2

284-570: A USO award. That same year, Bailey was recognized as USO's woman of the year. Upon Crawford's death in May 1977, Bailey spoke of Crawford as her sister and sang a hymn at her funeral. American socialite Perle Mesta was another of Bailey's close friends. In the waning days of Mesta's life, Bailey visited Mesta frequently and sang hymns for her. Bailey died at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia on August 17, 1990. An autopsy confirmed

355-583: A career in entertainment. She was also known to have performed in the church choir at St Peter Claver Catholic Church in Brooklyn , at the behest of Msgr Bernard J. Quinn . Bailey began by singing and dancing in Philadelphia's black nightclubs in the 1930s, and soon started performing in other parts of the East Coast. In 1941, during World War II, Bailey toured the country with the USO , performing for American troops. After

426-505: A clear sensorium . It might overlap with other psychiatric symptoms, making the diagnosis challenging. Impulse-control disorders (ICD) can be seen in approximately 19 percent of all patients and, in the context of PD, are grouped along with compulsive behavior and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) within the broader spectrum of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICB). They are characterized by impulsivity and difficulty to control impulsive urges and are positively correlated with

497-467: A compliment by asking him to lead his band on tour while he (Rich) was temporarily disabled by a back injury. Bellson accepted. On February 14, 2009, Bellson died at age 84 from complications of a broken hip suffered in December 2008 and Parkinson's disease . He was remembered by The Mercury News as, "the legendary San Jose drummer and band leader who played with jazz greats for more than six decades." He

568-738: A direct role in neurodegeneration , while Lewy bodies are thought to serve as an indirect marker of disease progression. A vicious cycle linked to neurodegeneration involves oxidative stress , mitochondria, and neuroimmune function, particularly inflammation . Normal metabolism of dopamine tends to fail, leading to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is cytotoxic and causes cellular damage to lipids , proteins , DNA , and especially mitochondria. Mitochondrial damage triggers neuroinflammatory responses via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in aggregation of neuromelanin , and therefore, fueling further neuroinflammation by activating microglia . Ferroptosis

639-606: A dozen books on drums and percussion. He was at work with his biographer on a book chronicling his career and bearing the same name as one of his compositions, "Skin Deep". In addition, "The London Suite" (recorded on his album Louie in London ) was performed at the Hollywood Pilgrimage Bowl before a record-breaking audience. The three-part work includes a choral section in which a 12-voice choir sings lyrics penned by Bellson. Part One

710-545: A few contributing factors have been identified. Pathophysiology is characterized by progressively expanding nerve cell death originating in substantia nigra , a midbrain region that supplies dopamine to the basal ganglia , a system involved in voluntary motor control . The cause of this cell death is poorly understood but involves alpha-synuclein aggregation into Lewy bodies within the neurons . Other possible factors involve genetic and environmental mechanisms, medications, lifestyle, and previous conditions. Diagnosis

781-485: A major DNA damage -repair signaling kinase , and non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway. Identifying environmental risk factors and causality is difficult due to the disease's often decade-long prodromal period. Most noteworthy environmental factors include pesticide exposure and contact with heavy metals. In particular, exposure to pesticides such as paraquat , rotenone , benomyl , and mancozeb causes one in five cases, implying an association with

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852-537: A music store. He started playing drums at three years of age. While still a young child, Bellson's father moved the family and music store to Moline, Illinois . At 15, he pioneered using two bass drums at the same time, a technique he invented in his high school art class. At age 17, he triumphed over 40,000 drummers to win the Slingerland National Gene Krupa contest. After graduating from Moline High School in 1942, he worked with big bands throughout

923-838: A physicist and engineer at MIT , became his manager. The union lasted until his death. Dee Dee Bellson died on July 4, 2009, at age 49, within five months of her father. With Count Basie With Count Basie and Zoot Sims With James Brown With Benny Carter With Buddy Collette With Duke Ellington With Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong With Herb Geller With Dizzy Gillespie With Stephane Grappelli With Johnny Hodges With Harry James With Oscar Peterson With Mel Powell With Linda Ronstadt With Sonny Stitt With Toni Tennille With The Trumpet Kings With Big Joe Turner With Sarah Vaughan With Ben Webster With Joe Williams Pearl Bailey Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918 – August 17, 1990)

994-413: Is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Other autonomic-related symptoms include excessive sweating, urinary incontinence , and sexual dysfunction . Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common and range from mild disturbances to severe impairment, comprising abnormalities in cognition, mood, behavior, or thought which can interfere with daily activities, reduce quality of life, and increase

1065-465: Is at the National Museum of African American History and Culture . A library in her hometown of Newport News, Virginia is named after her. Film Television Theater Parkinson%27s disease Parkinson's disease ( PD ), or simply Parkinson's , is a neurodegenerative disease , mainly of the central nervous system , that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of

1136-415: Is based on the vows of Holy Matrimony..." On December 5, 1971, he took part in a memorial concert at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall for drummer Frank King. This tribute show also featured Buddy Rich and British drummer Kenny Clare . The orchestra was led by Irish trombonist Bobby Lamb and American trombonist Raymond Premru . A few years later, Rich (often called the world's greatest drummer) paid Bellson

1207-524: Is buried next to his father in Riverside Cemetery, Moline, Illinois . As a prolific creator of music, both written and improvised, his compositions and arrangements (in the hundreds) embrace jazz, jazz/rock/fusion, romantic orchestral suites, symphonic works and a ballet. Bellson was also a poet and a lyricist. His only Broadway venture, Portofino (1958), was a resounding flop that closed after three performances. As an author, he published more than

1278-403: Is caused by a distinct biomechanical process or if it is the manifestation of another cardinal sign of PD. Postural instability (PI) is typical in the later stages of the disease, leading to impaired balance and falls , and secondarily to bone fractures, thus, reduced mobility and quality of life. PI is absent in the initial stages and usually occurs 10–15 years after first diagnosis. Within

1349-504: Is considered one of the primary contributing factors for nigrostriatal neuron death in PD. When overexpressed or misfolded , it can form clumps on axon terminals and other neuronal structures, particularly its typical locations: the cytoplasm , mitochondria and nucleus . These aggregates eventually lead to the formation of Lewy bodies . Their precursors, known as oligomers , along with initial deposits called pale bodies, are believed to play

1420-498: Is estimated to be responsible for 1-2% of all cases of PD and 40% of familial cases. Additionally, mutations in the GBA1 gene, linked to Gaucher's disease , are found in 5–10 percent of PD cases. The GBA1 variant of genetic PD more commonly involves cognitive decline. Alpha-synuclein (aSyn), a protein encoded by SNCA gene , is thought to be primarily responsible Lewy body aggregation. ASyn activates ATM serine/threonine kinase ,

1491-961: Is known to be present in up to 55 percent of PD patients. While it is responsible for most of paresthesia and pain in Parkingson Disease, its role in postural instability and motor impairment is poorly understood. Alterations in the autonomic nervous system , known as dysautonomia , are associated with a variety of symptoms such as gastrointestinal dysfunction , orthostatic hypotension , excessive sweating, or urinary incontinence. Gastrointestinal issues include constipation, impaired stomach emptying , immoderate production of saliva , and swallowing difficulty (prevalence up to 82 percent). Complications resulting from dysphagia include dehydration , malnutrition, weight loss, and aspiration pneumonia . All gastrointestinal features can be severe enough to cause discomfort, endanger health, and complicate disease management. Despite being related to each other,

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1562-516: Is mainly based on signs and symptoms , usually motor-related, found via neurological examination , though medical imaging like neuromelanin MRI can support the diagnosis. Usual onset is in people over 60 years of age, of whom about one percent are affected. In those younger than 50, it is termed "early-onset PD". No cure is known; treatment aims to lessen symptoms. Initial treatment typically includes L-DOPA , MAO-B inhibitors , or dopamine agonists . As

1633-461: Is near-normal. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems , characterized by the loss of dopamine -producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. It is classified as a synucleinopathy due to the abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein , which aggregates into Lewy bodies within affected neurons. The loss of dopamine-producing neurons in

1704-562: Is sometimes called The First Sacred Concert. Ellington called these concerts "the most important thing I have ever done." Bellson's album The Sacred Music of Louie Bellson and the Jazz Ballet appeared in 2006. In May 2009, Francine Bellson told The Jazz Joy and Roy syndicated radio show, "I like to call (Sacred) 'how the Master used two maestros,'" adding, "When (Ellington) did his sacred concert back in 1965 with Louie on drums, he told Louie that

1775-674: Is the band's rousing "Carnaby Street", a collaboration with Jack Hayes. In 1987, at the Percussive Arts Society convention in Washington, D.C., Bellson and Harold Farberman performed a major orchestral work titled "Concerto for Jazz Drummer and Full Orchestra", the first piece ever written specifically for jazz drummer and full symphony orchestra. This work was recorded by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra in England, and

1846-428: Is the most common presenting sign and may appear at rest as well as during intentional movement with a frequency between 4–6  hertz (cycles per second). PD tremor tends to occur in the hands, but can affect other parts of the body, such as legs, arms, tongue, or lips, as well. It is often described as " pill-rolling ", the tendency of the index finger and thumb to touch and perform a circular movement that reminds of

1917-669: The autonomic or sensory nervous system, mood , behavior, sleep patterns, and cognition. Non-motor symptoms may precede the onset of motor symptoms by up to 20 years. These include constipation, anosmia , mood disorders , and REM sleep behavior disorder among others. In general, motor symptoms such as postural instability and gait abnormalities tend to appear as the disease progresses. Four motor symptoms are considered as cardinal signs in PD: tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, collectively known as parkinsonism . However, other motor-associated symptoms are common. Tremor

1988-590: The dopaminergic system which plays a central role in motor control . Three major pathways connect the basal ganglia to other brain areas: direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathway, all part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop . The direct pathway projects from the neocortex to putamen or caudate nucleus of the striatum, which sends inhibitory GABAergic signals to substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and internal globus pallidus (GPi). This inhibition reduces GABAergic signaling to ventral lateral (VL) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei of

2059-478: The thalamus , thereby promoting their projections to the motor cortex . The indirect pathway projects inhibition from striatum to external globus pallidus (GPe), reducing its GABAergic inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus , pars reticulata and internal globus pallidus. This reduction in inhibition allows the subthalamic nucleus to excite internal globus pallidus and pars reticulata, which in turn inhibit thalamic activity, thereby suppressing excitatory signals to

2130-871: The 1940s, with Benny Goodman , Tommy Dorsey , Harry James , and Duke Ellington . In 1952, he married jazz singer Pearl Bailey . During the 1950s, he played with the Dorsey Brothers, Jazz at the Philharmonic, acted as Bailey's music director, and recorded as a leader for Norgran Records and Verve Records . Over the years, his sidemen included Ray Brown , Pete and Conte Candoli , Chuck Findley , John Heard , Roger Ingram , Don Menza , Blue Mitchell , Larry Novak , Nat Pierce , Frank Rosolino , Bobby Shew , Clark Terry , and Snooky Young . In an interview in 2005 with Jazz Connection magazine, he cited as influences Jo Jones , Sid Catlett , and Chick Webb . "I have to give just dues to two guys who really got me off on

2201-704: The 2004 event celebrating his 80th birthday, Bellson said, "I'm not that old; I'm 40 in this leg, and 40 in the other leg." He celebrated his birthday every year at the River Music Experience in Davenport, Iowa . Bellson was voted into the Halls of Fame for Modern Drummer magazine, in 1985, and the Percussive Arts Society, in 1978. Yale University named him a Duke Ellington Fellow in 1977. He received an honorary doctorate from Northern Illinois University in 1985. He performed his original concert – Tomus I, II, III – with

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2272-595: The Tuba (1976) and Disney's The Fox and the Hound (1981). She returned to Broadway in 1975, playing the lead in an all-black production of Hello, Dolly! . In October 1975, she was invited by Betty Ford to sing for Egyptian president Anwar Sadat at a White House state dinner as part of Mideast peace initiative. She earned a degree in theology from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1985 at age 67. It took her seven years to earn her degree. At Georgetown, she

2343-668: The Washington Civic Symphony in historic Constitution Hall in 1993. A combination of full symphony orchestra, big-band ensemble and 80-voice choir, "Tomus" was a collaboration of music by Bellson and lyrics by his late wife, Pearl Bailey. Bellson was a nine-time Grammy Award nominee. In January 1994, Bellson received the NEA Jazz Masters Award from the National Endowment for the Arts . As one of three recipients, he

2414-468: The age of 15. Her brother Bill Bailey was beginning his own career as a tap dancer and suggested that she enter an amateur contest at the Pearl Theatre in Philadelphia. Bailey won and was offered $ 35 a week to perform there for two weeks. However, the theater closed during her engagement and she was not paid. She later won a similar competition at Harlem 's famous Apollo Theater and decided to pursue

2485-503: The body. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and, as the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms become more common. Usually symptoms include tremors , slowness of movement , rigidity , and difficulty with balance , collectively known as parkinsonism . Parkinson's disease dementia , falls and neuropsychiatric problems such as sleep abnormalities , psychosis , mood swings , or behavioral changes may also arise in advanced stages. Most cases of Parkinson's disease are sporadic , but

2556-451: The characteristic reduced facial expression known as "masked face" or hypomimia . Rigidity , also referred to as rigor or "stiffness", is the increased resistance during passive mobilization of a limb affecting up to 89 percent of cases. It usually occurs after onset of tremor and bradykinesia on one or both sides of the body and can lead to muscle or joint pain as the disease progresses. As of 2024, it remains unclear whether rigidity

2627-522: The death was caused by the narrowing of a coronary artery . Bailey had suffered from heart problems for over thirty years. Bailey is buried at Rolling Green Memorial Park in West Chester, Pennsylvania . The television show American Dad! features Pearl Bailey High School . The 1969 song "We Got More Soul" by Dyke and the Blazers includes Bailey in its roster of icons. A dress owned by Bailey

2698-478: The disease progresses, these medications become less effective and produce a side effect marked by involuntary muscle movements . Diet and certain forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms. Deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce severe motor symptoms when drugs are ineffective. There is little evidence for treatment of the non-movement-related symptoms, such as sleep disturbances and mood instability. The average life expectancy

2769-404: The disease. Neuronal cell death has been linked to numerous mechanisms, with the most prominent being the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein , oxidative stress , neuroinflammation , ferroptosis , mitochondrial dysfunction , and gut dysbiosis. Alpha-synuclein (aSyn), a protein involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking , intracellular transport , and neurotransmitter release ,

2840-546: The drums – Big Sid Catlett and Jo Jones. They were my influences. All three of us realized what Jo Jones did and it influenced a lot of us. We all three looked to Jo as the 'Papa' who really did it. Gene helped bring the drums to the foreground as a solo instrument. Buddy was a great natural player. But we also have to look back at Chick Webb's contributions, too." During the 1960s, he returned to Ellington's orchestra for Emancipation Proclamation Centennial stage production, My People in and for A Concert of Sacred Music , which

2911-610: The early pharmaceutical technique of manually making pills. Despite it being the most noticeable sign, tremor is present in only about 70–90 percent of cases. Bradykinesia is often considered the most important feature of Parkinson's disease and is also present in atypical parkinsonism. It describes difficulties in motor planning , beginning, and executing, resulting in overall slowed movement with reduced amplitude which affects sequential and simultaneous tasks. Hence, it interferes with daily activities such as dressing, feeding and bathing. Facial muscles involved in bradykinesia lead to

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2982-470: The exact mechanism of these symptoms remains unknown. Orthostatic hypotension is the sustained drop of blood pressure by at least 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic within the first three minutes after raising to an upright position that can be seen in 30–50 percent of cases. Low blood pressure can impair the perfusion of organs situated above the heart, particularly the brain, resulting in lightheadedness . This can eventually lead to fainting and

3053-456: The exact neurobiological mechanism, and therefore possible connections with other symptoms, remains unknown. Transformation of the sensory nervous system can lead to changes in sensation that include an impaired sense of smell , disturbed vision , pain, and paresthesia . Problems with visuospatial function may arise and lead to difficulties in facial recognition and perception of the orientation of drawn lines. Peripheral neuropathy

3124-409: The first three years after disease onset, PI may indicate atypical parkinsonism. Together with bradykinesia and rigidity, it is responsible for the typical gait characterized by short shuffling steps and forward-flexed posture . Other common motor signs include a slurred and quiet voice, and handwriting that progressively becomes smaller . This latter may occur prior to other typical symptoms, but

3195-408: The general population. Apathy is characterized by emotional indifference and arises in about 46 percent of cases. Diagnosis is difficult, as it may become indistinct from symptoms of depression. Anxiety disorders develop in around 43 percent of cases. The most common are panic disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , and social anxiety disorder . Anxiety is known to cause deterioration in

3266-526: The initial motor symptoms. Individual presentation of symptoms vary, although most of people affected by PD show an altered circadian rhythm at some point of disease progression. PD is associated with a variety of skin disorders that include melanoma , seborrheic dermatitis , bullous pemphigoid , and rosacea . Seborrheic dermatitis is recognized as a premotor feature that indicates dysautonomia and demonstrates that PD can be detected not only by changes of nervous tissue , but tissue abnormalities outside

3337-545: The long-running musical. Bailey was given a special Tony Award for her role, and RCA Victor released a second original-cast album, the only recording of the score to have an overture written especially for the recording. A passionate fan of the New York Mets , Bailey sang the national anthem at Shea Stadium prior to Game 5 of the 1969 World Series , and appears in the World Series highlight film showing her support for

3408-465: The most common NPS and occurs in nearly half of all patients. It features low mood and lack of pleasure and is more prevalent in women. The diagnosis can be challenging since some symptoms of depression such as psychomotor retardation , memory problems, or altered appetite, share similarities with psychiatric signs caused by PD. It may result in suicidal ideation which is more prevalent in PD. Nonetheless, suicidal attempts themselves are lower than in

3479-679: The motor cortex. The hyperdirect pathway is an additional glutamatergic pathway that projects from the frontal lobe to subthalamic nucleus, modulating basal ganglia activity with rapid excitatory input. The striatum and other basal ganglia structures contain D1 and D2 receptor neurons that modulate the previously described pathways. Consequently, dopaminergic dysfunction in these systems can disrupt their respective components— motor , oculomotor , associative , limbic , and orbitofrontal circuits (each named for its primary projection area)—leading to symptoms related to movement, attention, and learning in

3550-528: The nervous system as well. As of 2024, the underlying cause of PD is unknown, yet is assumed to be influenced primarily by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Nonetheless, the most significant risk factor is age with a prevalence of 1 percent in those aged over 65 and approximately 4.3 percent in age over 85. Genetic components comprise SNCA , LRRK2 , and PARK2 among others, while environmental risks include exposure to pesticides or heavy metals . Timing of exposure factor may influence

3621-434: The onset of PD. Risk is increased by co-exposure to, for example, glyphosate and MPTP . Harmful heavy metals include mainly manganese , iron , lead , mercury , aluminium , and cadmium . On the other hand, magnesium shows neuroprotective features. Other chemical compounds include trichloroethylene and MPTP . Traumatic brain injury is also strongly implicated as a risk factor. Additionally, although

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3692-437: The progression or severity of certain stages. However, caffeine and nicotine exhibit neuroprotective features, hence lowering the risk of PD. About 85 percent of cases occur sporadic , meaning that there is no family history. PD, in a narrow sense, can be seen as a genetic disease; heritability is estimated to lie between 22 and 40 percent, across different ethnicities. Around 15 percent of diagnosed individuals have

3763-400: The risk for admission to a nursing home . Some of them, such as depression and anxiety, are known to precede characteristic motor signs by up to several years and may herald the development of PD, while most of them worsen as the disease progresses. Research indicates that patients with more severe motor symptoms are at higher risk for any NPS. Conversely, NPS can worsen PD. Depression is

3834-603: The sacred concerts were based on 'in-the-beginning,' the first three words of the Bible." She recalled how Ellington explained to Louie that "in the beginning there was lightning and thunder and that's you!" Ellington exclaimed, pointing out that Louie's drums were the thunder. Both Ellington and Louie, says Mrs. Bellson, were deeply religious. "Ellington told Louie, 'You ought to do a sacred concert of your own' and so it was," said Bellson, adding, "'The Sacred Music of Louie Bellson' combines symphony, big band and choir, while 'The Jazz Ballet'

3905-590: The second inauguration of Ronald Reagan . In 1988, Bailey received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Reagan. Bailey went through a number of failed marriages in her earlier adult years. She married John Randolph Pinkett, either her third or fourth husband, when she was 30 years old, and divorced him four years later, accusing him of physical abuse. On November 19, 1952, Bailey married jazz drummer Louie Bellson in London. They remained married until her death nearly 38 years later in 1990. Bellson

3976-767: The substantia nigra initially presents as movement abnormalities, leading to Parkinson's further categorization as a movement disorder . In 30% of cases, disease progression leads to the cognitive decline known as Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Alongside dementia with Lewy bodies , PDD is one of the two subtypes of Lewy body dementia . The four cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's— bradykinesia (slowed movements), postural instability , rigidity , and tremor —are called parkinsonism . These four symptoms are not exclusive to Parkinson's and can occur in many other conditions, including HIV infection and recreational drug use . Neurodegenerative diseases that feature parkinsonism but have distinct differences are grouped under

4047-495: The symptoms of PD. Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is present in around 20 percent of cases and comprises hallucinations , illusions and delusions . It is associated with dopaminergic drugs used to treat the motor symptoms, higher morbidity, mortality, a decrease in health-promoting behaviors, and longer nursing home stays. Additionally, it correlates with depression and may herald onset of dementia in advanced stages. Unlike other psychotic forms, PDP typically presents with

4118-555: The team. She also sang the national anthem prior to Game 1 of the 1981 World Series between the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers at Yankee Stadium . Bailey hosted her own variety series on ABC, The Pearl Bailey Show (January – May 1971), which featured many notable guests, including Lucille Ball , Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong (one of his last appearances before his death). Following her 1971 television series, she provided voices for animations such as Tubby

4189-400: The television medium, Bailey guest starred on CBS's Faye Emerson's Wonderful Town . Female impersonator Lynne Carter credited Bailey with launching his career. In 1967, Bailey and Cab Calloway headlined an all-black cast version of Hello, Dolly! The touring version was so successful that producer David Merrick took it to Broadway, where it played to sold-out houses and revitalized

4260-696: The top ten in 1952. In 1976, she became the first African-American to receive the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award . She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988. Bailey was born in Newport News , Virginia to the Reverend Joseph James and Ella Mae Ricks Bailey. When she was very young, the family moved to Washington, DC. After her parents' divorce, Bailey moved to Philadelphia to live with her mother. Bailey made her stage-singing debut at

4331-500: The tour, she settled in New York. Her solo successes as a nightclub performer were followed by acts with entertainers such as Cab Calloway and Duke Ellington . In 1946, Bailey made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman . For her performance, she won a Donaldson Award as the best Broadway newcomer. Bailey continued to tour and record albums along with her stage and screen performances. Early in

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4402-453: The umbrella of Parkinson-plus syndromes or, alternatively, atypical parkinsonian disorders. Parkinson's disease can result from genetic factors or be idiopathic , in which there is no clearly identifiable cause. The latter, also called sporadic Parkinson's, makes up some 85–90% of cases. The defining symptoms affect the motor system and include tremor , bradykinesia , rigidity , and postural instability . Other symptoms may affect

4473-509: The underlying cause is unknown, melanoma is documented to be associated with PD. Low levels of urate in the blood are associated with an increased risk while Helicobacter pylori infection can prevent the absorption of some drugs, including L-DOPA . Main pathological feature is cell death of dopamine -releasing neurons within, among other regions, the basal ganglia , more precisely pars compacta of substantia nigra and partially striatum , thus impeding nigrostriatal pathway of

4544-710: The use of dopamine agonists. Cognitive disturbances can occur in early stages or before diagnosis, and increase in prevalence and severity with duration of the disease. Ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe Parkinson's disease dementia , they feature executive dysfunction , slowed cognitive processing speed , and disrupted perception and estimation of time. Sleep disorders are common in PD and affect about two thirds of all patients. They comprise insomnia , excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), many of which can be worsened by medication. RBD may begin years prior to

4615-468: Was a student of the philosopher Wilfrid Desan . Later in her career, Bailey was a fixture as a spokesperson in a series of Duncan Hines commercials, singing "Bill Bailey (Won't You Come Home)." She also appeared in commercials for Jell-O , Westinghouse and Paramount Chicken. In her later years, Bailey wrote several books: The Raw Pearl (1968), Talking to Myself (1971), Pearl's Kitchen (1973) and Hurry Up America and Spit (1976). In 1975, she

4686-523: Was an American actress, singer and author. After appearing in vaudeville , she made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman in 1946. She received a Special Tony Award for the title role in the all-black production of Hello, Dolly! in 1968. In 1986, she won a Daytime Emmy award for her performance as a fairy godmother in the ABC Afterschool Special Cindy Eller: A Modern Fairy Tale . Her rendition of " Takes Two to Tango " hit

4757-522: Was appointed special ambassador to the United Nations by President Gerald Ford , a position she held under three presidents. In 1976, she won the Coretta Scott King Award for her children's book Duey's Tale . Her last book, Between You and Me (1989), details her experiences with higher education. On January 19, 1985, she appeared on a nationally televised broadcast gala the night before

4828-534: Was lauded by NEA chair Jane Alexander, who said, "These colossal talents have helped write the history of jazz in America." On November 19, 1952, Bellson married American actress and singer Pearl Bailey , in London. Bellson and Bailey adopted a son, Tony, in the mid-1950s, and a daughter, Dee Dee (born April 20, 1960). After Bailey's death in 1990, Bellson married Francine Wright in September 1992. Wright, who had trained as

4899-551: Was released by the Swedish label BIS . Bellson was known throughout his career to conduct drum and band clinics at high schools, colleges and music stores. Bellson maintained a tight schedule of clinics and performances of both big bands and small bands in colleges, clubs and concert halls. In between, he continued to record and compose, resulting in more than 100 albums and more than 300 compositions. Bellson's Telarc debut recording, Louie Bellson And His Big Band: Live From New York ,

4970-526: Was released in June 1994. He also created new drum technology for Remo , of which he was vice-president. Bellson received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters in 1985 at Northern Illinois University . As of 2005, among other performing activities, Bellson had visited his home town of Rock Falls, Illinois, every July for Louie Bellson Heritage Days, a weekend in his honor close to his July 6 birthday, with receptions, music clinics and other performances by Bellson. At

5041-432: Was six years Bailey's junior and white. Interracial couples were rare at that time, and Bellson's father was reportedly opposed to the marriage because of Bailey's race. They later adopted a son, Tony, in the mid-1950s. A daughter, Dee Dee Jean Bellson, was born April 20, 1960. Tony Bellson died in 2004. Dee Dee Bellson died on July 4, 2009, at the age of 49, five months after her father, who died on February 14. Bailey,

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