46-405: 10°20′00″N 67°02′30″W / 10.33333°N 67.04167°W / 10.33333; -67.04167 Los Teques ( Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈtekes] ) is the capital of the state of Miranda , and the municipality of Guaicaipuro in north-central Venezuela. The city is about 25 km southwest of Caracas , and 1,169 metres (3,835 ft) above mean sea level . It lies in
92-621: A high agricultural vocation that have been used since colonial times for the cultivation of cocoa, fruits, vegetables, cereals and other subsistence crops. However, the pressure of urban and industrial activities, especially the settlement of high population concentrations, has meant a loss of very considerable agricultural areas in the Tuy Valleys, in the Guarenas and Guatire area, and in the Barlovento region. In mountainous areas, rivers and streams, it
138-463: A long time. Miranda, at that time, was part of a province. Between 1832 and 1855 the use of the province persisted due to the confusion generated by the existence of a state as a political division of the country. The division by states did not appear in Venezuela in a concrete way until 1864, when about twenty states were founded which, in the following governments, would be reduced to nine, among these,
184-589: A major urban boom, which caused a decrease in the amount of agricultural land. The state is well known for its green areas (including several national parks, haciendas and protected areas), for its highly urbanized cities that coexist with rural towns, for the coasts of the Caribbean Sea, a safe stop during vacation seasons, the Devils of Yare and the Tacarigua Lagoon; just to mention some of the tourist attractions of
230-413: A period of four years with the possibility of re-election for new periods, being in charge of the state administration. Until 1988, the governor was appointed by the president of the republic. In 1989, the first direct regional elections were held in the country. The current governor is Hector Rodriguez. He was elected on October 15, 2017 with 52.78% of the votes. The Legislative Power is represented by
276-412: A state of contamination. The hydrography of Miranda State is characterized by the short course and low flow of its rivers, with the exception of Tuy. This characteristic, combined with the settlement of the largest mass of population in the country, gives its rivers great significance as sources of water for urban consumption. The Tuy River, with a length of 250 km, rises at an altitude of 2 100 m, on
322-623: Is Major General Regulo Argotte Prieto. The State of Miranda as a federal entity with constitutional rank has its own Constitution, ( Constitución del Estado Miranda , the Constitution of the State of Miranda) and it has two branches of public power according to Article 14 of its Constitution: the Executive (Governor of Miranda) and the Legislative (Legislative Council). In addition, autonomous bodies such as
368-739: Is administered by a governor, and is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, each under a mayor. Miranda State covers a total surface area of 7,950 km (3,070 sq mi). When the Spanish arrived, the region was inhabited by various Caribbean tribes. Among them were the Caracas, the Teques, the Cumanagotos, the Mariches and the Quiriquires. The Teques inhabited the southwestern part of Guaire. The Mariches inhabited
414-411: Is common to see mammals such as the raccoon ( Didelphis marsupialis ) and the spiny rat ( Proechimys sp.), the squirrel ( Sciurus granatensis ), the mountain buckthorn ( Dasypus novemcinctus ), the porcupine ( Coendou prehensilis ), the agouti ( Dasyprocta leporina ), the sloth ( Bradypus tridactylus ) very common in all areas of the municipality, the rabbit ( Sylvilagus brasiliensis ), and
460-462: Is divided into 21 municipalities and 55 parishes according to the Regional and National Constitution. Miranda State is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, given below with their administrative centres, areas and populations: According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The economic development of the state is based on the excellence of its soils, which has allowed
506-488: Is the high mirandine headquarters of the SENIAT, also near Los Teques is the town of San Pedro de Los Altos, an agricultural town, where vegetables and large areas of flower crops are grown, and several bottling plants for mineral water such as Minalba and Zenda where pure spring water is bottled. It also highlights its architecture ranging from modern Chacao to the colonial architecture of many villages, highlighting in that aspect
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#1732886695412552-476: Is the industrial one, standing out the manufacturing one, which conforms together with the one of the Federal District the first urban manufacturing set of the country. The tertiary sector is extremely important: financial, commercial and service activities are concentrated in the area of Miranda. During the last two decades the tourist activity has grown with the installation of a great hotel infrastructure in
598-580: The Los Teques Metro . This metro system is connected to the Caracas Metro system. This article related to a location in Miranda , Venezuela is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Miranda (state) Miranda State (Spanish: Estado Miranda , IPA: [esˈtaðo miˈɾanda] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State . As of
644-532: The 17th century the highlands were used to cultivate, among other products, wheat destined largely for export to Cartagena de Indias and the Caribbean islands. From the second decade of the 17th century, cocoa displaced these crops. In addition, all commercial activities were monopolized by the Royal Guipuzcoa Company, which generated the first discontents and uprisings against the crown. From the beginning of
690-512: The 17th century, slave labour quickly replaced the Indian labour force, concentrating on the Windward region, which was the largest cocoa producer. It was in this region that the first free blacks rose up against their masters, but were later stifled by Spanish troops. After the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Venezuela still used the provinces as a political-territorial organization, which had been used for
736-472: The 2011 census, it had a population of 2,675,165 residents. It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Caracas). The most recent population estimate was 3,194,390 in mid-2016. Miranda is an important center for political, economic, cultural and commercial activities. The state
782-399: The Constitution of the State of Miranda, which is the basis of the state's legal system and was approved in 2006. Its current governor is Hector Rodriguez. The executive branch is composed of a governor and a council of secretaries who assist him in the management of government and are freely appointed and removable officials. The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for
828-605: The Cordillera de la Costa, on the banks of the Río San Pedro. According to the European Commission , Los Teques had a population of 159,532 in 2015. The city is part of the agglomeration known as Greater Caracas . At the time of the Spanish conquest the region of Los Teques was known for its gold mines, and was the home of Guaicaipuro . Guaicaipuro led the indigenous resistance against the conquistadores until 1568, when he
874-656: The Democratic Unity Table. The President of the Legislative Council is Legislator Aurora Morales and the Vice President is Legislator Miguel Mora . Miranda State has its own autonomous police force based on Article 164 of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution, which is known as Polimiranda (Miranda State Police), created in 1996 as the Autonomous Police Institute of Miranda State. Its current director
920-640: The Legislative Assembly of Miranda State created the Independence district, with its capital in Santa Teresa del Tuy The state of Miranda is located in the north-central part of Venezuela. It is part of the so-called Capital Region together with the Capital District and the state of Vargas. It is located in the central coastal area of the country. It borders on the north with the Federal District, on
966-710: The National Institute of Science and Technology for the Petroleum Industry (INTEVEP) was established on land near Quebrada de la Virgen, and in 1971 the University College of the Capital Region became operational. In October 1979, Ateneo de Los Teques was established. The average temperature in Los Teques varies from 18 to 26 °C (64 to 79 °F). On November 3, 2006, President Hugo Chávez inaugurated
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#17328866954121012-611: The Ocumarito reservoir. The best known tributary is the Guaire River. On the right bank, the Tuy receives the Taguaza, Taguacita and Cuira rivers. Other important rivers are the Guarenas, Rio Grande or Caucagua, Capaya, El Guapo, Pacairigua, El Curiepe and Cúpira. The climate of Miranda State is very hot in the low areas with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 42 °C with very high humidity in
1058-480: The Spanish inhabitants of San Pedro de Los Altos began to relocate to a new settlement, and on 21 October 1777 this was founded as Los Teques. The new town's name was derived from the Aractoeques Carabs, an indigenous tribe that once inhabited the area. In 1781 Los Teques had 1,500 inhabitants; Alexander von Humboldt passed by in 1800, calling it "a miserable village", and by 1805 it had 2,800 inhabitants. At
1104-747: The State Comptroller's Office and the Attorney General's Office are established. The other three depend on the National Power as the Judicial (Miranda State Judicial District), Electoral (Miranda State Electoral Office) and Citizen. Its authorities are elected by the Mirandina people in a universal, direct and secret way, sending 13 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela. The state of Miranda
1150-510: The Tuy Valley continues. Since colonial times there have been cocoa plantations in Barlovento combined with cassava, yams, caraotas or beans and bananas. The industrialization process had an important economic impact, favored by its proximity to the city of Caracas, mainly in the cities of Petare, Guarenas and Guatire and in the valley of Tuy, where manufacturing centers of the metal-mechanical, chemical and food sectors were established. This led to
1196-505: The Valles del Tuy and La Depresión de Barlovento. The waters that make up the hydrographic network of the state are mostly short course. The main river basin in the State is that of the River Tuy. The availability of water resources in the state is really precarious, as the state is located in the largest urban conglomerate in the country. The volume of available water is committed to supply almost
1242-426: The boom in agriculture. The region of the valleys of Tuy is characterized by the production of cocoa, sugar cane, and corn, among other crops. Barlovento also has great fertility of its lands, standing out the cultivation of cocoa and a great variety of fruits and vegetables. Likewise, Guatire and Guarenas have good lands for cultivation, being coffee one of the main products of the area. Among other economic activities
1288-419: The coast of Barlovento. Cereals are grown in the fertile valleys of Tuy, while the microclimates are used for horticultural and fruit activities whose products are processed in the agro-industries. In suburban areas, poultry and pig farming are practiced, especially promoted by Portuguese, Spanish and Italian immigrants. Coffee production has decreased; however, the expansion of sugar cane and cotton crops in
1334-467: The coastal region of Barlovento. In the Altos Mirandinos region, temperatures vary slightly throughout the year. In the dry season (December–March), temperatures vary between 10 °C and 23 °C, in the beginning of the wet season (April, May) high temperatures can be registered up to 33 °C, the rest of the year it varies between 16 °C and 25 °C. The state of Miranda has soils with
1380-631: The cumanagoto, quiriquire, charagoto and arauco chief who killed Captain Mendoza, who had murdered the Indian Tamanaco. Once all the tribes were subdued, the Spaniards settled completely on these lands, founding the city of Caracas, and later different towns in the interior of the state of Miranda. During the colony this region became part of the Province of Caracas. At the end of the 16th century and beginning of
1426-457: The eastern part of the Caracas Valley. They practiced hunting and gathering, while others lived by fishing. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, these tribes were brave enough to fight for their territory, commanded by caciques like Guaicaipuro and Yare. Guaicaipuro was a legendary cacique of the Teques and Caracas Indians who resisted the conquistador Diego de Losada, while cacique Yare was
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1472-562: The end of 1810, the towns of San Pedro de los Altos and Carizal were legally separated from Los Teques. In 1854, the Guaicaipuro canton was created, with Los Teques as the head of the canton. By this time, the area had many farms involved in coffee production. In 1891, the municipality was divided into two districts, Los Teques (population 2919) and San Juan. In October 1892, during the Legalist Revolution , Los Colorados, near Los Teques,
1518-424: The entire metropolitan district of Caracas, as well as the entire territory of Mirandina, which is poorly supplied by the reservoirs of La Mariposa, Lagartijo, La Pereza, Ocumarito, Agua Fría, Taguaza, El Guapo and Quebrada Seca. Many of the towns in the state are not frequently supplied with drinking water due to the high consumption of water resources. The Guaire, Tuy and Grande rivers are not used because they are in
1564-423: The eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis ), apamates ( Tabebuia rosea ), araguaneyes ( Tabebuia chrysantha ), mahoganies ( Swietenia macrophylla ), soaps ( Hura crepitans ), kujis ( Acacia farnesiana ), samans ( Pithecellobium saman ), bamboos ( Bambusa vulgaris ), riqui riquis ( Heliconia latispatha ) and tapir nails ( Philodendron ) The state of Miranda (as a federal entity) has its own charter,
1610-476: The founded state of Guzmán Blanco, which by 1873 only covered the region of Aragua. In 1881, the State of Guzmán Blanco expanded its territory to include the region of Miranda, among other nearby regions that were included as part of Guárico. In 1889, the territory of the Guzmán Blanco State was again modified by the Constitution, and its size was reduced by excluding several regions of the country such as
1656-511: The insectivorous bat species Natalus tumidirostris , Myotis keaysi and Tadarida aurispinosa have been identified. Among the common trees to find in the forest are, the ladle or child ( Gyranthera caribensis ), the bitter cedar ( Cedrela mexicana ), milky of the genus Sapium ( Sapium stylare ), yagrumo ( Cecropia peltata ), yagrumo male ( Didymopanax morototoni ), bucare ( Erythrina poeppigiana ), ceiba ( Ceiba pentandra ), indio desnudo ( Bursera simaruba ); in some parts of
1702-533: The last important modification was made, changing the capital to Los Teques. In 1982, the municipality of Los Salias was founded through the Official Gazette of the State of Miranda. In 1989, after the decentralization carried out by President Carlos Andrés Perez, Arnaldo Arocha was elected the first governor by popular vote. By October 15, 2017, Héctor Rodríguez was elected governor of the State of Miranda, after facing Carlos Ocariz in an election. On Dec. 5,
1748-430: The one that has almost disappeared from the municipal area, the matacan deer ( Mazama americana ) that was common in the area of Turgua. In addition, at night it is common to observe bats, among which the list bat ( Saccopteryx bilineata ), common fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), and house bat ( Molossus molossus ) stand out. In the area of Los Carraos and Zuloaga caves,
1794-505: The region of Aragua, but renaming the State as Edo Miranda. In 1900, by decree of General Cipriano Castro, the state of Caracas was included in Miranda and Caracas was renamed Miranda State with the provisional capital in Santa Lucia. Then in 1901 the political-territorial space is modified again and the capital of the state becomes Petare, and in 1904 it is changed to Ocumare del Tuy. In 1909
1840-404: The region that is visited annually by thousands of seasonal visitors. It has large shopping centers, in the east of the metropolitan area of Caracas, for the enjoyment of the population, in the high mirandinos is La Cascada Commercial City, of large dimensions that has food fairs, cinemas, large stores, and all kinds of services and bank agencies, Additionally, in the professional center La Cascada
1886-483: The south with the states of Guarico and Aragua, on the east with the Caribbean Sea and on the west with Aragua. Relief The relief is predominantly rugged and abrupt, with high slopes and narrow valleys within the mountains. The eastern sector constitutes a depression in the Serranía del Litoral. The Guaire River, which runs through the city of Caracas, divides the sector into two strips that are differentiated by their decline:
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1932-710: The southern flank of the Litoral mountain range, flows eastwards through the Abra de Tácata to the Tuy and Barlovento valleys, and flows into the Caribbean Sea through the Paparo mouth. The El Jarillo River and the Aguas Frías and La Negra streams, tributaries of the Tuy on the left bank, have been dammed, near the Teques, in the Agua Fría reservoir, while the Ocumare, was dammed near Ocumare del Tuy, in
1978-441: The state the native flora has been intervened and replaced by fruit trees such as guamo ( Inga fastuosa ), mango ( Mangifera indica ), orange ( Citrus × sinensis ), mandarin ( Citrus × tangerina ), guava ( Psidium guajava ), pomarosa ( Syzygium jambos ), avocado ( Persea americana ) and cambur ( Musa × paradisiaca ). In the urban area it is common to see different types of ornamental trees, among which we can highlight
2024-464: The unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Miranda, elected by the people through a direct and secret vote every four years. They can be re-elected for new consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities. The PSUV currently has 15 legislators and since the 2012 regional elections the PSUV has a majority of 8 legislators against 7 from
2070-531: Was killed in battle. By 1600, Los Teques was part of the conquered lands ( encomienda ) belonging first to Francisco Tostado de la Peña and Andrés González, and later by Diego de Miquilena. In 1684 Miquilena sold the "lands of Los Altos" to Doña Melchora Ana Tovar y Bañez, widow of Captain Juan de Ascanio y Guerra. During the 18th century, the region became more populated, with settlers from the Canary Islands . In 1772,
2116-522: Was the scene of a major battle. Miranda state was created in March 1901; and Los Teques became state capital on February 13, 1927. The Salesians founded San Jose High School in 1912 and Francisco de Miranda High School in 1940. In 1950, the National Guard Training School was established, and in 1965, Los Teques was elevated to a diocese, whose first bishop was Bishop Juan José Bernal. In 1970,
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