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70-598: The museum features both a permanent exhibit as well as temporary exhibits. The permanent exhibit is called "Crown of the Peninsula" and describes the history of the city of Los Altos, featuring a diorama of Los Altos as it appeared in 1932 with an operational O-scale model train representing the rail line through town that was removed in 1964 and replaced by Foothill Expressway. 37°22′52″N 122°06′43″W  /  37.381039°N 122.111956°W  / 37.381039; -122.111956 This California museum-related article

140-454: A 1,200,000 acres (490,000 ha) area encompassing much of eastern Santa Clara County as well as portions of southern Alameda County, western Merced and Stanislaus Counties , and northern San Benito County . Acquisitions to date include the 1,756-acre (711 ha) Rancho Cañada de Pala , straddling the Alameda Creek and Coyote Creek watersheds for California tiger salamander habitat;

210-474: A conservation easement on the 3,259-acre Blue Oak Ranch Reserve , which abuts the north side of Joseph D. Grant County Park ; a conservation easement on the 28,359-acre San Felipe Ranch, connecting Joseph D. Grant County Park with Henry W. Coe State Park ; the 2,899-acre South Valley Ranch which protects a tule elk herd in the San Antonio Valley, and other properties. As of 1980, Santa Clara County had

280-445: A construction of the recent amendments to the national Constitution in their application to the constitution and the legislation of a state, but upon their determination, if it were necessary to consider them, would depend the system of taxation devised by that state for raising revenue from certain corporations for the support of her government. These questions belong to a class which this Court should not decide unless their determination

350-489: A few hundred feet at Mount Boardman ), Stanislaus , Merced , San Benito , Santa Cruz , and San Mateo County . Santa Clara County formerly shared borders with Contra Costa , San Francisco , Mariposa , Monterey , and Tuolumne counties until 1853, 1856, 1874, and 1854 respectively (Monterey County currently comes within a few miles of Santa Clara). The San Andreas Fault runs along the Santa Cruz Mountains in

420-627: A fifth herd of tule elk was documented by local naturalist Roger Castillo, likely having split from the Coyote Ridge herd and established itself in Silver Creek Valley around the closed Ranch Golf Club. The elk herds in eastern Santa Clara County are blocked from dispersal to the west by U.S. Highway 101, with environmentalists advocating re-purposing the Metcalf Road bridge at the Coyote Gap into

490-566: A majority in the county was Ronald Reagan in 1984. While Republicans remained competitive at the state and local level throughout the 1990s, there are currently no elected Republicans representing the county above the local level. According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Santa Clara County has 895,965 registered voters. Of those, 405,470 (45.3%) are registered Democrats , 151,213 (16.9%) are registered Republicans , and 308,769 (35.4%) have declined to state

560-702: A number of other officials to county-wide positions, including the Santa Clara County District Attorney, the Santa Clara County Sheriff, and a large number of criminal and civil judges that serve in courts throughout the county. Historically, Santa Clara County was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. From 1872 through 1984 , the only Democrats to carry Santa Clara County were Franklin Roosevelt , Lyndon Johnson , and Hubert Humphrey . However, 1988 would begin to mark

630-444: A political party. As of November 2012, all of the cities, towns, and unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County have more registered Democrats than Republicans. In 2008 , Barack Obama carried every city and town in the county, as well as the unincorporated areas. Following the passage of Proposition 8 , Santa Clara County joined San Francisco and Los Angeles in a lawsuit , becoming, along with San Francisco and Los Angeles,

700-409: A right which was given to individuals." Southern Pacific Railroad Company refused to pay taxes under these new changes. The taxpaying railroads challenged this law, based on a conflicting federal statute of 1866 which gave them privileges inconsistent with state taxation (14 Stat. 292, §§ 1, 2, 3, 11, 18). San Mateo County , along with neighboring counties, filed suit against the railroads to recoup

770-568: A significant shift in the county's political leanings, starting with Michael Dukakis ' narrow win and culminating in Bill Clinton 's substantial 20-point victory in 1992 . Since then, the Democratic presidential candidate has won Santa Clara County by large margins, and it also remains solidly blue in congressional elections, as all politicians representing the county at the state and federal level are known to be Democrats. The last Republican to win

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840-473: A statement which is neither part of the ruling of the Court, nor part of the opinion of a majority or dissenting minority of the Court has been cited as precedent in subsequent decisions of the Court. In his dissent in the 1938 case of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson , Justice Hugo Black wrote in 1886, this Court in the case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad , decided for

910-690: A wildlife overcrossing. This would enable elk to recolonize rural southwestern Santa Clara County, as well as Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties. In 1990, the California Department of Fish and Game 's Henry Coletto translocated excess pronghorn from Modoc County to six locations in California, including 51 animals to the San Felipe Ranch in Santa Clara County, where the swift-footed ungulates had not lived for generations. The animals left

980-543: Is San Jose , the 13th-most populous city in the nation, California's third-most populous city , and the most populous city in Northern California . Home to Silicon Valley , Santa Clara County is an economic center for high technology , and had the third-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the world as of 2015 behind Zürich and Oslo , according to the Brookings Institution . Located on

1050-511: Is "not the work of the Court, but is simply the work of the Reporter, giving his understanding of the decision, prepared for the convenience of the profession", was written by the Reporter of Decisions, former president of the Newburgh and New York Railway Company J.C. Bancroft Davis . He said the following: One of the points made and discussed at length in the brief of counsel for defendants in error

1120-494: Is James R. Williams, J.D. The County Executive is responsible for the administration of the county and appoints almost all other officers and department heads. The county is one among three counties in California (with Napa and Madera) to establish a separate department, the Santa Clara County Department of Corrections, to deal with corrections pursuant to California Government Code §23013. The county operates

1190-809: Is a corporate law case of the United States Supreme Court concerning taxation of railroad properties. The case is most notable for a headnote stating that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment grants constitutional protections to corporations. The case arose when several railroads refused to follow a California state law that gave less favorable tax treatment to some assets owned by corporations as compared to assets owned by individuals. The Court's opinions in earlier cases such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward had recognized that corporations were entitled to some of

1260-450: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Santa Clara County, California building and structure-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Santa Clara County, California Santa Clara County , officially the County of Santa Clara , is the sixth-most populous county in the U.S. state of California , with a population of 1,936,259 as of

1330-539: Is a public library system serving the communities and cities of Campbell, Cupertino, Gilroy, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Saratoga, and all unincorporated areas of the county. Other cities run their own library systems. The county's main airport is Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport (SJC). It is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection port of entry and as of 2019 has five international routes (two to Canada, one to England, one to Japan, seven to Mexico, and one to China) but

1400-479: Is considered to be Silicon Valley is within the county, although some adjoining tech regions in San Mateo (e.g., Facebook ), Alameda , and Santa Cruz counties are also considered part of Silicon Valley. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,291.08 square miles (3,343.9 km ). Counties which border with Santa Clara County are, clockwise, Alameda County , San Joaquin (within

1470-508: Is essential to the disposal of the case in which they arise. Whether the present cases require a decision of them depends upon the soundness of another proposition upon which the court below, in view of its conclusions upon other issues, did not deem it necessary to pass. We allude to the claim of the defendant in each case that the entire assessment is a nullity upon the ground that the State Board of Equalization included therein property which it

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1540-1102: Is served by Caltrain commuter rail from Gilroy through San Jose and Silicon Valley north to San Francisco Airport and San Francisco . The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority operates the VTA light rail system, which primarily serves San Jose, with one line continuing as far north as Mountain View . Santa Clara and San Jose are also served by the Altamont Corridor Express commuter rail line which provides services to Stockton , and Amtrak which provides service to Sacramento and Oakland . The Amtrak Coast Starlight train between Seattle and Los Angeles also stops in San Jose. BART currently services Milpitas and North San Jose , with plans to extend to downtown San Jose and Santa Clara . Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company , 118 U.S. 394 (1886),

1610-601: The 2020 census . Santa Clara County and neighboring San Benito County form the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara metropolitan statistical area , which is part of the larger San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area . Santa Clara is the most populous county in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Northern California . The county seat and largest city with a population of 971,233

1680-494: The De Anza Expedition on March 23, 1776: " In Gilroy Valley (Santa Clara Valley) Moraga 's larder was replenished by three elks which the men killed without leaving the road." General John Bidwell , of the 1841 Bartleson-Bidwell Party wrote: "In some of the fertile valleys, such as Napa and Santa Clara, there were elk literally by the thousand." In 1978, California Department of Fish and Game warden Henry Coletto urged

1750-489: The Equal Protection Clause was never actually addressed. The special grounds of defense by each of the defendants were: The record contains elaborate opinions stating the grounds upon which judgments were ordered for the defendants. Mr. Justice Field overruled the first of the special defenses above named, but sustained the second. The circuit judge in addition held that § 3664 of the Political Code had not been passed in

1820-715: The San Luis National Wildlife Refuge to add genetic diversity to the San Antonio Valley Ecological Reserve herd in San Antonio Valley in extreme eastern Santa Clara County. As of 2017 there were four herds in the Coyote Ridge area, often visible from U. S. Highway 101, according to Craige Edgerton, recently retired executive director of the Silicon Valley Land Conservancy and local naturalist Michael Hundt. In 2019,

1890-670: The Santa Clara County Health System of medical centers and clinics. In the United States House of Representatives , Santa Clara County is split among four congressional districts: In the California State Senate , the county is split among four legislative districts: In the California State Assembly , the county is split among six legislative districts: Voters in the county also elect

1960-484: The third-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia and Falls Church, Virginia , and the highest of any county in the Western United States . Santa Clara County is named for Mission Santa Clara , which was established in 1777, and was in turn named for Saint Clare of Assisi . Santa Clara County was one of the original counties of California , formed in 1850 at

2030-480: The California Railroad Tax cases expresses with sufficient accuracy what was said before the argument began. I leave it with you to determine whether anything need be said about it in the report inasmuch as we avoided meeting the constitutional question in the decision. C. Peter Magrath , who discovered the exchange while researching Morrison R. Waite: The Triumph of Character , writes "In other words, to

2100-568: The Court did not decide the corporate personality issue and the subsidiary equal protection issue. While the decision of the Court did not rest on the Fourteenth Amendment, an argument on this ground had been delivered by the defense: That the provisions of the Constitution and laws of California in respect to the assessment for taxation of the property of railway corporations operating railroads in more than one county, are in violation of

2170-422: The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution insofar as they require the assessment of their property at its full money value without making deduction, as in the case of railroads operated in one county and of other corporations and of natural persons, for the value of the mortgages covering the property assessed, thus imposing upon the defendant unequal burdens, and to that extent denying to it the equal protection of

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2240-494: The Reporter fell the decision which enshrined the declaration in the United States Reports ...had Davis left it out, Santa Clara County v. Southern Pac. R. Co. would have been lost to history among thousands of uninteresting tax cases." At the same time, the correspondence makes clear that the headnote does reflect the Court's thinking, at least before hearing any arguments to the contrary. Author Jack Beatty wrote about

2310-893: The San Felipe Ranch for the Isabel and San Antonio Valleys, as well as an area near Lake Del Valle in Alameda County may now be extirpated by poaching, highway vehicle collisions, and insufficient numbers to defend pronghorn fawns against coyote predation. As of 2012, the Isabel Valley Ranch herd had dwindled to 3 animals, and the Lake del Valle herd to 13. Currently, iNaturalist.org has zero observer records of pronghorn in Santa Clara County. The Nature Conservancy "Mount Hamilton Project" has acquired or put under conservation easement 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of land towards its 500,000 acres (200,000 ha) goal for habitat conservation within

2380-498: The aggregate valuation represents the property so illegally included therein. If these positions are tenable, there will be no occasion to consider the grave questions of constitutional law upon which the case was determined below, for in that event the judgment can be affirmed upon the ground that the assessment cannot properly be the basis of a judgment against the defendant. Thus the Supreme Court's actual decision never hinged on

2450-752: The airport's busiest routes are all to cities in the western United States. San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is also often used for commercial services by residents of Santa Clara County. Moffett Federal Airfield (NUQ), a former U.S. Naval Air Station , is used by the Air National Guard , NASA , Lockheed Martin , Google , and by the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department as an air operations base. There are also smaller general aviation airports in Palo Alto (PAO) , San Jose (Reid-Hillview) (RHV) , and San Martin(E16) Santa Clara County

2520-463: The area was Hewlett-Packard , founded in a garage in Palo Alto in 1939. IBM selected San Jose as its West Coast headquarters in 1943. Varian Associates , Fairchild Semiconductor , and other early innovators were in the county by the late 1940s and 1950s. The U.S. Navy had a large presence in the area and began giving large contracts to Silicon Valley electronics companies. The term " Silicon Valley "

2590-401: The average family size was 3.41. In the county, the age distribution was 24.7% under 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.80 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 101.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 74,335, and for a family

2660-543: The country, despite extreme land prices. The surge in metro GDP is highly correlated with home prices, which for average single-family homes passed $ 1 million ($ 1,017,528) in August 2013. As of the fourth quarter of 2021, the median value of homes in Santa Clara County was $ 1,253,400, an increase of 11.9% from the prior year, and ranking fourth in the US for highest median home value. School districts include: Santa Clara County Library

2730-558: The court extended due-process rights to artificial legal entities . In the early 20th century, the area was promoted as the "Valley of the Heart's Delight" due to its natural beauty, including a significant number of orchards . The region was also memorably referred to as the "sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley" in Jack London's 1903 Call of the Wild . The first major technology company to be based in

2800-517: The department to choose the Mount Hamilton area as one of California's relocation sites under a new statewide effort to restore tule elk. While other ranchers refused, tech pioneers Bill Hewlett and David Packard allowed Coletto and state biologists to translocate the initial 32 tule elk from the Owens Valley in the eastern Sierra onto the 28,000-acre (11,000 ha) San Felipe Ranch , which

2870-404: The elk horns as four varas [11 feet (3.4 m)] across... "These animals [elk] are called ciervos in order to differentiate them from the ordinary Spanish variety of deer, here called venados , which also exist in abundance and of large size in the vicinity." Regarding pronghorn, Moraga reported: "In the said plains of San Bernardino (Santa Clara Valley)…there is another species of deer about

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2940-410: The equal protection claims. Nevertheless, the case has been allowed to have clear constitutional consequences, as it has been subsequently cited as affirming the protection of corporations under the Fourteenth Amendment. At the very least, this is an unusual exception to the normal understanding of the workings of the Court's rule of stare decisis – the reliance on precedent . It is an instance in which

3010-936: The families jointly own, in the hills east of Morgan Hill . From the three original 1978–1981 translocations (totaling 65 animals) to the Mount Hamilton region of the Diablo Range , there are multiple herds in different locations including the Isabel Valley, San Antonio Valley , Livermore area, San Felipe Ranch, Metcalf Canyon, Coyote Ridge , Anderson Lake , and surrounding areas such as the Sunol and Cottonwood Creek (near San Luis Reservoir in western Merced County, California ) herds. As of 2012 , an estimated 400 tule elk roam 1,875 square kilometres (724 sq mi) in northeastern Santa Clara County and southeastern Alameda County . In March 2014 CDFW translocated nine bull elk from

3080-428: The first governmental entities in the world to sue for same-sex marriage. The following table includes the number of incidents reported in 2009 and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. Law Enforcement in Santa Clara County is handled by the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office and local police departments. The county's economy is heavily services-based. Technology, both hardware and software, dominates

3150-554: The first occasion on which the Supreme Court indicated that the Equal Protection Clause granted constitutional protections to corporations as well as to natural persons . At the California Constitutional Convention of 1878–79 , the state legislature drew up a new constitution that denied railroads "the right to deduct the amount of their debts [i.e., mortgages] from the taxable value of their property,

3220-405: The first time that the word 'person' in the amendment did in some instances include corporations. [...] The history of the amendment proves that the people were told that its purpose was to protect weak and helpless human beings and were not told that it was intended to remove corporations in any fashion from the control of state governments. [...] The language of the amendment itself does not support

3290-521: The great plain called San Bernardino (the Santa Clara Valley which stretches from south San Jose to Gilroy ), while the expedition was strung out at length, we descried in the distance a herd of large animals that looked like cattle, but we could not imagine where they belonged or from whence they had come...with horns similar in shape to those of the deer, but so large that they measured sixteen palms from tip to tip." Upon measurement, Morago reported

3360-622: The highest number of Superfund Sites of any county in the United States, accounting for 25 polluted locations requiring a long-term response to clean up hazardous material contaminations. As of 2019 , Santa Clara County has 23 active Superfund Sites, still more than any other county in the United States. The vast majority of these Superfund sites were caused by firms associated with the high tech sector in Silicon Valley . Census demographics data released in 2019 show Asian Americans have had

3430-425: The laws. A unanimous decision, written by Justice Harlan , ruled on the matter of fences, holding that the state of California illegally included the fences running beside the tracks in its assessment of the total value of the railroad's property. As a result, the county could not collect taxes from Southern Pacific that it was not allowed to collect in the first place. This meant that the more significant question of

3500-413: The lingering questions as to how the reporter's note reflected a quotation that was absent from the opinion itself. Why did the chief justice issue his dictum ? Why did he leave it up to Davis to include it in the headnotes? After Waite told him that the Court 'avoided' the issue of corporate personhood, why did Davis include it? Why, indeed, did he begin his headnote with it? The opinion made plain that

3570-624: The massive losses in tax revenue stemming from Southern Pacific's refusal to pay. After hearing arguments in San Mateo County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company , the California Supreme Court sided with the county. The Supreme Court of the United States issued an opinion consolidating three separate cases: Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company , California v. Central Pacific Railroad Company , and California v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company . The headnote, which

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3640-437: The metro area reached $ 176.7 billion in 2011, or $ 94,587 per capita, roughly on par with Qatar in both total GDP and per capita (nominal). GDP grew a strong 7.7% in 2011, and in contrast with most of California, GDP and per capita GDP (nominal) is well above 2007 (financial crisis) levels. Despite relative wealth vis a vis other regions nationally, a large underclass exists whose income is roughly equivalent to that elsewhere in

3710-499: The mode required by the state constitution, and consequently was no part of the law of California. These opinions are reported as the Santa Clara Railroad Tax Case, 18 F. 385. The propositions embodied in the conclusions reached in the circuit court were discussed with marked ability by counsel who appeared in this Court for the respective parties. Their importance cannot well be over-estimated, for they not only involve

3780-476: The official US census) calculates a religious diversity score of 0.876 for Santa Clara County, where 1 represents complete diversity (each religious group of equal size) and 0 a total lack of diversity. Only four counties in the US have higher diversity scores than Santa Clara County. Santa Clara County has five elected supervisors , elected within their districts. The board appoints the County Executive, who

3850-556: The opinion that it does. So the headnote was a reporting by the Reporter of Decisions of the Chief Justice's interpretation of the Justices' opinions. But the issue of applicability of "Equal Protection to any persons" to the railroads was not addressed in the decision of the Court in the case. Before publication in United States Reports , Davis wrote a letter to Chief Justice Morrison Waite , dated May 26, 1886, to make sure his headnote

3920-594: The plurality of Santa Clara's population since 2014. As of 2013, Santa Clara County has the highest median household income of any county in California at $ 84,741. The 2010 United States census reported that Santa Clara County had a population of 1,781,642. The racial makeup of Santa Clara County was 836,616 (47.0%) White, 46,428 (2.6%) African American, 12,960 (0.7%) Native American, 7,060 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 570,524 (32.0%) Asian, 220,806 (12.4%) from other races, and 87,248 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 479,210 persons (26.9% of

3990-410: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 565,863 households, 34.9% had children under 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were not families. About 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.92, and

4060-496: The population). Demographic profile As of the census of 2000, 1,682,585 people, 565,863 households, and 395,538 families were residing in the county. The population density was 503/km (1,300/sq mi). The 579,329 housing units had an average density of 173/km (450/sq mi). The ethnic makeup of the county was 53.8% White, 2.8% African American, 0.7% Native American, 25.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 12.1% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. About 24.0% of

4130-408: The proper officer of the several counties in which they were situated, and that an entire assessment which includes property not assessable by the state board against the party assessed, is void, and therefore insufficient to support an action, at least when -- and such is claimed to be the case here -- it does not appear with reasonable certainty from the face of the assessment or otherwise what part of

4200-504: The protections of the Constitution. Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan 's majority opinion held for the railroads, but his opinion did not address the Equal Protection Clause. However, a headnote written by the Reporter of Decisions and approved by Chief Justice Morrison Waite stated that the Supreme Court justices unanimously believed that the Equal Protection Clause did grant constitutional protections to corporations. The headnote marked

4270-468: The service sector by value, but like any other county, Santa Clara has its share of retail and office support workers. The San Jose/Sunnyvale/Santa Clara metropolitan region, comprising Santa Clara County and San Benito County, was ranked as the highest performing metropolitan area in the US in 2012, ahead of Austin, Texas and Raleigh, North Carolina , according to the Milken Institute . The GDP of

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4340-496: The size of three-year-old sheep. They are similar in appearance to the deer, except they have short horns and also short legs like the sheep. They live in the plains where they go in herds of 100, 200, or more. They run all together over the plains so fast that they seem to fly…These animals are called berrendos and there are many of them also in the southern Missions wherever the country is level." Herbert Eugene Bolton also wrote of elk reports from another Spanish expedition, from

4410-612: The south and west of the county. Both tule elk ( Cervus canadensis nannodes ) and pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana ) were historically native to Santa Clara County. In June 1776, Lieutenant Commander Don José Joaquín Moraga led a group of soldiers and colonists from the Presidio of Monterey to establish Mission San Francisco de Asis and encountered both tule elk and pronghorn, and clearly distinguished these two species from deer. The deer in California being California mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ). Regarding elk, Moraga wrote: "In

4480-451: The southern coast of San Francisco Bay , the urbanized Santa Clara Valley within Santa Clara County contains most of the county's population. More recently, extensive droughts in California , further complicated by drainage of the Anderson reservoir within the county for seismic repairs, have strained the county's water security . As of 2020, it has a median household income of $ 130,890,

4550-564: The time of statehood. The original inhabitants included the Ohlone , residing on Coyote Creek and Calaveras Creek . Part of the county's territory was given to Alameda County in 1853. In 1882, Santa Clara County tried to levy taxes upon property of the Southern Pacific Railroad within county boundaries. The result was the U.S. Supreme Court case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad , 118 U.S. 394 (1886), in which

4620-510: Was $ 81,717. Males had a median income of $ 56,240 versus $ 40,574 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 32,795. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. Santa Clara County is among the most religiously diverse counties in the US. A 2020 census by the Public Religion Research Institute (unconnected to

4690-492: Was coined in 1971. The trend accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s, and agriculture has since been nearly eliminated from the northern part of the county. Santa Clara County is the headquarters for about 6500 high-technology companies, including many of the world's largest such companies, including AMD , Nvidia , Cisco Systems , and Intel , computer and consumer electronics companies Apple Inc. and Hewlett-Packard, and internet companies eBay , Google , and Yahoo! . Most of what

4760-530: Was correct: Dear Chief Justice, I have a memorandum in the California Cases Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific &c As follows. In opening the Court stated that it did not wish to hear argument on the question whether the Fourteenth Amendment applies to such corporations as are parties in these suits. All the Judges were of the opinion that it does. Waite replied: I think your mem. in

4830-504: Was that 'corporations are persons within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.' Before argument, Mr. Chief Justice Waite said: The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution , which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of

4900-465: Was without jurisdiction to assess for taxation. The argument in behalf of the defendant is that the state board knowingly and designedly included in its assessment of "the franchise, roadway, roadbed, rails, and rolling stock" of each company, the value of the fences erected upon the line between its roadway and the land of coterminous proprietors; that the fences did not constitute a part of such roadway, and therefore could only be assessed for taxation by

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