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83-482: The company has three divisions – the textile division produces textiles from cashmere , vicuña wool , linen and merino wool ; the fashion luxury goods division produces menswear, womenswear, shoes and accessories; and the interior division produces interior products. Originally from Trivero , the Loro Piana family started as merchants of wool at the beginning of the 19th century. In the second half of that century,

166-961: A grazing area or the bringing of fodder to penned animals, with enough hayracks for all of them to feed simultaneously; fresh water; salt licks ; space for the animals to exercise; and disposal of soiled bedding. In Africa and the Middle East, goats are typically run in flocks with sheep. This maximizes the production per acre, as goats and sheep prefer different food plants. Multiple types of goat-raising are found in Ethiopia, where four main types have been identified: pastured in annual crop systems, in perennial crop systems, with cattle, and in arid areas, under pastoral (nomadic) herding systems. In all four systems, however, goats were typically kept in extensive systems, with few purchased inputs. In Nigeria and in parts of Latin America, some goats are allowed to wander

249-535: A few wealthy landowners were willing to experiment with the goats. For example, Ternaux's herd was seen in 1823 by C.T.Tower of Weald Hall, Essex, England. Tower purchased two female and two male goats and took them back to England, wherein 1828 he was awarded a gold medal by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce for rearing a herd of cashmeres. Also, a few of Ternaux's goats were purchased for

332-488: A goat's beard. In Hinduism, Daksha , one of the prajapati , is sometimes depicted with the head of a male goat. A legend states that Daksha failed to invite Shiva to a sacrifice; Shiva beheaded Daksha, but when asked by Vishnu, restored Daksha to life with the head of a goat. Goats are mentioned many times in the Bible . Their importance in ancient Israel is indicated by the seven different Hebrew and three Greek terms used in

415-743: A greater skeletal size, reach mature weight at a later age (36 to 42 months) than small-framed goats (18 to 24 months) if both are fed to their full potential. Large-framed goats need more calories than small-framed goats for maintenance of daily functions. While goats are hardy animals and often need little medical care, they are subject to a number of diseases. Among the conditions affecting goats are respiratory diseases including pneumonia , foot rot, internal parasites, pregnancy toxicosis, and feed toxicity. Goats can become infected with various viral and bacterial diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease , caprine arthritis encephalitis , caseous lymphadenitis , pinkeye, mastitis, and pseudorabies . They can transmit

498-506: A group, goats display less herding behavior than sheep. When grazing undisturbed, they spread across the field or range, rather than feed side by side as do sheep. When nursing young, goats leave their kids separated ("lying out") rather than clumped, as do sheep. They generally turn and face an intruder, and bucks are more likely to charge or butt at humans than are rams . A 2016 study reports that goats try to communicate with people like domesticated animals such as dogs and horses. They look to

581-420: A human for assistance when faced with a newly-modified challenge. Goats reach puberty between three and 15 months of age, depending on breed and nutritional status. Many breeders prefer to postpone breeding until the doe has reached 70% of the adult weight, but this separation is rarely possible in extensively managed, open-range herds. Bucks (uncastrated males) of Swiss and northern breeds come into rut in

664-537: A model farm at Grignon, near Versailles , run by M. Polonceau. Polonceau crossbred the cashmeres with Angora goats to improve the down for spinning and weaving. This Cashmere-Angora herd was seen by William Riley of New South Wales in 1828, and again in 1831 when Riley purchased thirteen of the goats for trans-shipment to Australia. At the time, the average production of the Polonceau herd was 16 ounces (500 grams) of down. Ternaux's herd at St. Ouen still numbered 150 when

747-557: A number of zoonotic diseases to people, such as tuberculosis , brucellosis , Q fever , and rabies . Life expectancy for goats is between 15 and 18 years. An instance of a goat reaching the age of 24 has been reported. Several factors can reduce this average expectancy; problems during kidding can lower a doe's expected life span to 10 or 11, and stresses of going into rut can lower a buck's expected life span to eight to 10 years. Husbandry , or animal care and use, varies by region and culture. The minimal requirements for goats include

830-504: A sense of urgency that only real life trauma can provide". The practice has elicited outcry from animal-rights groups. Some people choose goats as a pet because of their ability to form close bonds with their human guardians. Goats are social animals and usually prefer the company of other goats, but because of their herd mentality, they will follow their owner and form close bonds with them, hence their continuing popularity. Goats are similar to deer with regard to nutrition and need

913-411: A wide range of food, including things like hay , grain feed or pelleted grain mix, and loose minerals. Goats generally either inherit certain feeding preferences or learn them after birth. In classical myth , Amalthea is either a nymph who fed the infant god Jupiter with goat's milk, or the goat who suckled the infant. In another legend, the god broke one of the goat's horns, endowing it with

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996-498: A year, with an average yield of about 4.5 kg (10 lb). Goats have been used by humans to clear unwanted vegetation for centuries. They have been described as "eating machines" and "biological control agents". There has been a resurgence of this in North America since 1990, when herds were used to clear dry brush from California hillsides thought to be endangered by potential wildfires. This form of using goats to clear land

1079-403: A year. The Angora breed of goats produces long, curling, lustrous locks of mohair . The entire body of the goat is covered with mohair and there are no guard hairs. The locks constantly grow to four inches or more in length. Angora crossbreeds, such as the pygora and the nigora , have been created to produce mohair and/or cashgora on a smaller, easier-to-manage animal. The wool is shorn twice

1162-669: Is a genetic rarity. Unlike cattle, goats have not been successfully bred to be reliably polled , as the genes determining sex and those determining horns are closely linked. Breeding together two genetically polled goats results in a high number of intersex individuals among the offspring, which are typically sterile. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by keratin and other proteins , and are used for defense, dominance, territoriality, and thermoregulation. Both male and female goats may have beards, and many types of goat (most commonly dairy goats, dairy-cross Boers , and pygmy goats ) may have wattles , one dangling from each side of

1245-419: Is a mechanical process that separates the coarse hairs from the fine hair. After de-hairing, the resulting cashmere is ready to be dyed and converted into textile yarn, fabrics and garments. De-hairing is made slightly easier by removing the undercoat by hand, rather than shaving the entire coat. This process takes much longer to remove the cashmere, but produces a much finer, higher quality fiber. Cashmere wool

1328-470: Is a species of goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock . It was domesticated from the wild goat ( C. aegagrus ) of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe . The goat is a member of the family Bovidae , meaning it is closely related to the sheep . It was one of the first animals to be domesticated, in Iran around 10,000 years ago. Goats have been used for milk , meat , wool , and skins across much of

1411-521: Is also known as pashm ( Persian for wool ) or pashmina (Persian/Urdu word derived from Pashm) for its use in the handmade shawls of Kashmir. References to woolen shawls appear in texts surviving from between the 3rd century BC and the 11th century AD. However, a popular notion in Kashmir is that it was the 15th-century ruler of Kashmir, Zain-ul-Abidin , who founded the local wool industry by bringing weavers from Turkestan . Another local tradition sees

1494-491: Is also relatively common in unbred doelings of dairy breeds. Milk production varies with the breed, age, quality, and diet of the doe; dairy goats generally produce between 680 and 1,810 kg (1,500 and 4,000 lb) of milk per 305-day lactation . On average, a good quality dairy doe will give at least 3 kg (6 lb) of milk per day while she is in milk. A first-time milker may produce less, or as much as 7 kg (16 lb), or more of milk in exceptional cases. After

1577-596: Is being exported in semi processed form. 70% of the total raw material used to produce finished garments in Mongolia is being procured by Gobi Corporation with the remaining 30% being used by other producers in Mongolia. The global fashion luxury cashmere clothing market is expected to reach US$ 4.2 billion in 2025, growing at an annual rate of 3.86% per year between 2018 and 2025. Cashmere has been manufactured in Mongolia , Nepal and Kashmir for thousands of years. The fiber

1660-562: Is causing grasslands in China and Mongolia to disappear, air pollution to increase and the herds to starve. Factories in Alashan are forced to close several days a week due to water rationing as the deserts there expand by 400 square miles per year. As of 2016, the degradation of 65% of the grasslands in the area has been linked to a four-degree Fahrenheit increase in the temperature of Mongolia, three degrees higher than temperatures in other areas of

1743-488: Is collected during the spring moulting season when the goats naturally shed their winter coat. In the Northern Hemisphere , the goats moult as early as March and as late as May. In some regions, the mixed mass of down and coarse hair is removed by hand with a coarse comb that pulls tufts of fiber from the animal as the comb is raked through the fleece. The collected fiber then has a higher yield of pure cashmere after

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1826-588: Is combing. The process takes up to two weeks, but with a trained eye for when the fiber is releasing, it is possible to comb the fibers out in about a week. The term "baby cashmere" is used for fibres harvested from younger goats, and has a reputation of being softer. China has become the largest producer of raw cashmere, estimated at 19,200 metric tons (in hair) per year (2016). Mongolia follows with 8,900 tons (in hair) as of 2016, while Afghanistan , Iran , Turkey , Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian republics produce lesser amounts. The annual world raw production

1909-459: Is credited with bringing cashmere to the United States of America on a mass scale beginning in 1947. Attempts to improve Afghanistan's cashmere industry by importing Italian goats in the 2010s have been criticized as wasteful. The production of cashmere wool has been criticized for the detrimental environmental effects directly resulting from raising the herds. The high demand for cashmere

1992-597: Is estimated that the average yearly production per goat is 150 grams (0.33 lb). Pure cashmere can be dyed and spun into yarns and knitted into jumpers (sweaters), hats , gloves , socks and other clothing, or woven into fabrics then cut and assembled into garments such as outer coats , jackets , trousers (pants), pajamas , scarves , blankets , and other items. Fabric and garment producers in Scotland , Italy , and Japan have long been known as market leaders. Cashmere may also be blended with other fibers to bring

2075-487: Is estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000 tons (13,605 and 18,140 tonnes) (in hair). Pure cashmere, resulting from removing animal grease, dirt and coarse hairs from the fleece, is estimated at 6,500 tons (5,895 tonnes). Ultra-fine Cashmere or Pashmina is still produced by communities in Kashmir but its rarity and high price, along with political instability in the region, make it very hard to source and to regulate quality. It

2158-419: Is good to eat, including cardboard, clothing and paper. The digestive physiology of a very young kid (like the young of other ruminants) is essentially the same as that of a monogastric animal. Milk digestion begins in the abomasum , the milk having bypassed the rumen via closure of the reticuloesophageal groove during suckling. At birth, the rumen is undeveloped, but as the kid begins to consume solid feed,

2241-420: Is important to make him attractive to the female. Some does will not mate with a buck which has been had the scent glands removed. Gestation length is approximately 150 days. Twins are the usual result, with single and triplet births also common. Less frequent are litters of quadruplet , quintuplet , and even sextuplet kids. Birthing, known as kidding, generally occurs uneventfully. Just before kidding,

2324-507: Is said to have created an immediate sensation and plans were put in place to start manufacturing the product in France. In 1799 at his factory in Reims, William-Louis Ternaux , the leading woolens manufacturer in France under Napoleon, began to produce imitation India shawls ( cachemires ) using the wool of Spanish merino sheep. By 1811, with government assistance, Ternaux also began experimenting with

2407-608: Is sometimes known as conservation grazing . Since then, numerous public and private agencies have hired private herds from companies such as Rent A Goat to perform similar tasks. This may be expensive and their smell may be a nuisance. This practice has become popular in the Pacific Northwest , where they are used to remove invasive species not easily removed by humans, including (thorned) blackberry vines and poison oak . Chattanooga, TN and Spartanburg, SC have used goats to control kudzu , an invasive plant species prevalent in

2490-446: Is the Boer goat , which sometimes may have up to eight teats. Goats are diploid with two sets of 30 chromosomes. Sheep and goats are closely related: both are in the subfamily Caprinae . However, they are separate species, so hybrids rarely occur and are always infertile. A hybrid of a ewe and a buck is called a sheep-goat hybrid . Visual differences between sheep and goats include

2573-501: The Chimera . The Capricorn constellation sign in the Western zodiac is usually depicted as a goat with a fish's tail. Fauns and satyrs are mythological creatures with human bodies and goats' legs. The lustful Greek god Pan similarly has the upper body of a man and the horns and lower body of a goat. A goatee is a tuft of facial hair on a man's chin , named for its resemblance to

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2656-533: The Yule goat ( Julbocken ) is a Scandinavian Christmas tradition. It originally denoted the goat that was slaughtered around Yule, now more often a goat figure made out of straw. It is used for the custom of going door-to-door singing carols and getting food and drinks in return, often fruit, cakes and sweets. The Gävle goat is a giant version of the yule goat, erected every year in the Swedish city of Gävle . In Finland

2739-430: The rut , whereas rams do not. Goats are naturally curious. They are agile and able to climb and balance in precarious places. This makes them the only ruminant to regularly climb trees. These behaviours have made them notorious for escaping their pens by testing fences and enclosures. If any of the fencing can be overcome, goats almost inevitably escape. Goats are as intelligent as dogs by some studies. When handled as

2822-477: The 1970s, the company was directed by Franco's sons, Sergio and Pier Luigi . Their focus was on top-quality fabric development, including cashmere and extra-fine wools. Sergio and Pier Luigi's research gave birth to the Tasmanian fabric. In the 1980s, Sergio and Pier Luigi started to diversify the business, launching their first ready-to-wear collection and creating the luxury goods division. The interior division

2905-535: The Bible. A goat is considered a "clean" animal by Jewish dietary laws and a kid was slaughtered for an honored guest. It was also acceptable for some kinds of sacrifices. Goat-hair curtains were used in the tent that contained the tabernacle ( Exodus 25:4). Its horns can be used instead of sheep's horn to make a shofar . On Yom Kippur , the festival of the Day of Atonement, two goats were chosen and lots were drawn for them. One

2988-596: The Boer, to 20 to 27 kg (44 to 60 lb) for smaller does. Within each breed, different strains or bloodlines may have different recognized sizes. At the bottom of the size range are miniature breeds such as the African Pygmy, which stand 41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 in) at the shoulder as adults. Most goats naturally have two horns , their shape and size depending on the breed. There have been incidents of polycerate goats (having as many as eight horns), although this

3071-868: The Cashmere and Camel Hair Manufacturers Institute to the Federal Trade Commission , leading to more stringent examination of cashmere products. As part of achieving Cradle to Cradle "gold" certification for its clothing, in January 2023, fashion brand Ralph Lauren announced it would provide shipping labels to return cashmere clothes of any brand to be recycled by Re-Verso in Tuscany . Capra hircus Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758 Capra depressa Linnaeus, 1758 Capra mambrica Linnaeus, 1758 Capra reversa Linnaeus, 1758 The goat or domestic goat ( Capra hircus )

3154-637: The English-speaking islands of the Caribbean , and in South Asia , the word ' mutton ' denotes both goat and sheep meat. However, some compare the taste of goat meat to veal or venison , depending on the age and condition of the goat. Its flavor is said to be primarily linked to the presence of 4-methyl octanoic and 4-methyl nonanoic acid . The meat is made into dishes such as goat curry , mutton satay , and capra e fagioli . Goats produce about 2% of

3237-503: The Kashmir shawl reached Europe in the 19th century. Both the soft undercoat and the guard hairs may be used; the softer hair is reserved for textiles, while the coarse guard hair is used for brushes and other non-apparel purposes. Cashmere is a hygroscopic fiber, absorbing and releasing water from the air based on the surrounding environment. This helps regulate the body in both warm and cool temperatures. A number of countries produce cashmere and have improved processing techniques over

3320-659: The Middle East, China, South Korea, Indonesia, and Japan. It has a total of 136 stores that are directly operated and has online stores on Shopee Indonesia. Loro Piana is vertically integrated , and it handles all stages of production, from the harvesting of natural fibres to the delivery of the finished product to stores. In 2012, turnover reached €700 million and net income represented 20% of sales. In December 2013, LVMH announced that Antoine Arnault would become chairman of Loro Piana. The company achieved 1 billion euro of sales in 2019. In March 2024, Bloomberg News criticised Loro Piana’s company practices in terms of

3403-414: The United States, under the U.S. Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, as amended, (15 U. S. Code Section 68b(a)(6)), a wool or textile product may be labelled as containing cashmere only if the following criteria are met: Mongolia supplies 9,600 tons of raw cashmere per year to the world. 15% of the total raw cashmere supplied by Mongolia is being used to manufacture finished goods whereas the remaining 85%

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3486-915: The archaeological evidence that the wild bezoar ibex , found today in the Zagros Mountains , but formerly widespread in Anatolia , is the likely original ancestor of all or most domestic goats today. Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel; and their bones, hair, and sinew were used for clothing, building, and tools. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years Before Present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran . Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho , Choga Mami , Djeitun , and Çayönü , dating

3569-411: The beard of goats and the divided upper lip of sheep. Sheep tails hang down, even when short or docked , while the short tails of goats are held upwards. Sheep breeds are often naturally polled (either in both sexes or just in the female), while naturally polled goats are rare (though many are polled artificially). Males of the two species differ in that buck goats acquire a unique and strong odor during

3652-634: The coarse hair. The down was then carded and combed using the same methods used for worsted spinning. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Kashmir (then called cashmere by the British) had a thriving industry producing shawls from goat down imported from Tibet and Tartary through Ladakh. The down trade was controlled by treaties signed as a result of previous wars The Shawls were introduced into western Europe when General Napoleon Bonaparte sent one to Paris from his campaign in Ottoman Egypt. The shawl's arrival

3735-941: The combination of industrial heavy burning of coal creating atmospheric particulates, and the desert dust storms resulting from disappearing grasslands in China and Mongolia, crosses the Pacific Ocean to the Americas. Health officials in Canada, China, Mongolia and the US have had to issue air quality warnings to the public. The demand for the fiber has caused some vendors, both knowingly and not, to sell yarns or textiles containing little to no cashmere representing themselves as being composed of cashmere. Wool and other fibers have been mixed in by unscrupulous manufacturers, deliberately selling mislabeled items to well-known department stores. Complaints of mislabeling after testing for cashmere content were reported by

3818-466: The decimation and transformation of grasslands into deserts in Asia, increasing local temperatures and causing air pollution which has traveled as far as Canada and the United States. Historically in the western scientific community, fine-haired Cashmere goats have been called Capra hircus , as if they were a subspecies of the domestic goat Capra hircus . However, they are now more commonly considered part of

3901-532: The devil is sometimes depicted as a goat. The Modern English word goat comes from Old English gāt "goat, she-goat", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic * gaitaz (cf. Dutch / Frisian / Icelandic / Norwegian geit , German Geiß , and Gothic gaits ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰaidos meaning "young goat" (cf. Latin haedus "kid"). To refer to the male goat, Old English used bucca (cf. Dutch / Frisian bok , modern English buck ) until ousted by hegote , hegoote ('he-goat') in

3984-490: The doe will have a sunken area around the tail and hip, as well as heavy breathing. She may have a worried look, become restless and display great affection for her keeper. The mother often eats the placenta , which gives her much-needed nutrients, helps stanch her bleeding, and parallels the behavior of wild herbivores , such as deer, to reduce the lure of the birth scent for predators. Freshening (coming into milk production) usually occurs at kidding, although milk production

4067-464: The domestic goat subspecies Capra aegagrus hircus or the alternate version Hircus Blythi Goat . Cashmere goats produce a double fleece that consists of a fine, soft undercoat or underdown of hair mingled with a straighter and much coarser outer coating of hair called guard hair . This undercoat is grown in the winter as a way to keep the goat warm in colder months. For the fine underdown to be sold and processed further, it must be de-haired. De-hairing

4150-496: The domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. DNA evidence suggests that goats were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale, and to produce parchment . Each breed of goat has specific weight ranges, which vary from more than 140 kg (310 lb) for bucks of larger breeds such as

4233-417: The fall as with the does' heat cycles. Bucks of equatorial breeds may show seasonal reduced fertility, but as with the does, are capable of breeding at all times. Rut is characterized by a decrease in appetite and obsessive interest in the does. A buck in rut displays flehmen lip curling and urinates on his forelegs and face . Sebaceous scent glands at the base of the horns add to the male goat's odor, which

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4316-569: The family moved its activity to Valsesia and founded the wool spinning mill Fratelli Lora e Compagnia, followed by the wool spinning mill Zignone & C. in Quarona at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1924, the engineer Pietro Loro Piana founded the company Loro Piana & C. in Quarona. After taking the lead of the company in the 1960s, Franco Loro Piana, grandson of Pietro, started to export high-quality fabrics to Europe, America and Japan. During

4399-595: The famous industrialist died in 1833. The herd at Perpignan died out by 1829. By 1830, weaving cashmere shawls with French-produced yarn had become an important Scottish industry. The Scottish Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures offered a 300 pound sterling reward to the first person who could spin cashmere in Scotland based on the French system. Captain Charles Stuart Cochrane collected

4482-422: The fiber has been washed and dehaired than produced by shearing. The long, coarse guard hair is then typically clipped from the animal and is often used for brushes, interfacings and other non-apparel uses. Animals in Iran , Afghanistan , New Zealand , and Australia are typically shorn of their fleece, resulting in a higher coarse hair content and lower pure cashmere yield. In America, the most popular method

4565-452: The founder of all Kashmiri crafts in the famous 14th century saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani who, tradition goes, brought 700 craftsmen from Persia to Kashmir. When Ali Hamadani visited Ladakh he discovered for the first time in history the warmth and fineness of Ladakh goat wool. He combed some goat wool and made a pair of socks with his own hands. Afterwards he gifted those socks to the king of Kashmir, Sultan Qutubdin (1374-89 AD). Sultan

4648-514: The garment cost down, or to gain their properties, such as elasticity from wool, or sheen from silk. The town of Uxbridge, Massachusetts , in the United States was an incubator for the cashmere wool industry. It had the first power looms for woolens and the first manufacture of " satinets ". Capron Mill had the first power looms, in 1820. It burned on July 21, 2007, in the Bernat Mill fire. In

4731-498: The homestead or village, while others are kept penned and fed in a 'cut-and-carry' system. This involves cutting grasses, maize or cane for feed rather than allowing the animal access to the field. The system is well suited for crops like maize that are sensitive to trampling. In 2022, there were more than 1,100 million goats living in the world, led by India with 150 million and China with 132 million, and followed by Nigeria with 88 million and Pakistan with 82.5 million. Over 93% of

4814-508: The household and especially leftover alcohol. In Finland the Nuuttipukki tradition is kept alive in areas of Satakunta , Southwest Finland and Ostrobothnia . Nowadays the character is usually played by children and involves a happy encounter. The goat is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac . Several mythological hybrid creatures contain goat parts, including

4897-492: The lactation, the doe will "dry off", typically after she has been bred. Occasionally, goats that have not been bred and are continuously milked will continue lactation beyond the typical 305 days. Male lactation sometimes occurs in goats. Goats are reputed to be willing to eat almost anything. They are browsing animals, not grazers like cattle and sheep, and (coupled with their highly curious nature) will chew on and taste anything resembling plant matter to decide whether it

4980-457: The late 12th century. Nanny goat (adult female) originated in the 18th century, and billy goat (adult male) in the 19th century. Castrated males are called wethers . While the words hircine and caprine both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, hircine is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats. Goats are among the earliest animals to have been domesticated by humans. A genetic analysis confirms

5063-426: The meat of the goats, but takes care that all bones remain whole. Then he wraps the remains up, and in the morning, the goats always come back to life to pull the chariot. When a farmer's son who is invited to share the meal breaks one of the goats' leg bones to suck the marrow, the animal's leg remains broken in the morning, and the boy is forced to serve Thor as a servant to compensate for the damage. Possibly related,

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5146-415: The mid-1990s. Goats are used to provide milk and specialty wools, and as meat and goatskin . Some charities provide goats to impoverished people in poor countries, in the belief that having useful things alleviates poverty better than cash. The cost of obtaining goats and then distributing them can however be high. The taste of goat kid meat is similar to that of spring lamb meat; in fact, in

5229-444: The money paid to the communities that gather vicuña wool. Cashmere wool Cashmere wool , usually simply known as cashmere , is a fiber obtained from cashmere goats , pashmina goats , and some other breeds of goat . It has been used to make yarn , textiles and clothing for hundreds of years. Cashmere is closely associated with the Kashmir shawl , the word "cashmere" deriving from an anglicization of Kashmir , when

5312-581: The neck. Goats have horizontal, slit-shaped pupils , allowing them to see well by both night and day, and giving them a wide field of vision on either side to detect predators, while avoiding being dazzled by sunlight from above. Goats have no tear ducts. Goats are ruminants . They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen , the reticulum , the omasum , and the abomasum . As with other mammal ruminants, they are even-toed ungulates. The females have an udder consisting of two teats, in contrast to cattle, which have four teats. An exception to this

5395-576: The power to fill itself with whatever its owner wanted, making it the cornucopia or horn of plenty . The ancient city of Ebla in Syria contains a tomb with a throne decorated with bronze goat heads, now called "The Tomb of the Lord of the Goats". According to Norse mythology , the god of thunder, Thor , has a chariot that is pulled by the goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr At night when he sets up camp, Thor eats

5478-428: The production of real India shawls using what he called laine de Perse , i.e., the down ( duvet ) of Tibetan-cashmere goats. In 1818, Ternaux resolved to help establish herds of cashmere goats in France. A famous expedition to Persia was organized, led by the orientalist and diplomat Pierre Amédée Jaubert , to be financed in part by the French government. Of the acquired herd of 1,500 animals, only 256 arrived safely in

5561-566: The required information while in Paris and received a Scottish patent for the process in 1831. In the autumn of 1831, he sold the patent to Henry Houldsworth and sons of Glasgow. In 1832 Henry Houldsworth and sons commenced the manufacture of yarn, and in 1833 received the reward. Dawson International claim to have invented the first commercial dehairing machine in 1890, and from 1906 they purchased cashmere from China, but were restricted to purchasing fiber from Beijing and Tianjin until 1978. In 1978 trade

5644-448: The rumen soon increases in size and in its capacity to absorb nutrients. The adult size of a particular goat is a product of its breed (genetic potential) and its diet while growing (nutritional potential). As with all livestock , increased protein diets (10 to 14%) and sufficient calories during the prepuberty period yield higher growth rates and larger eventual size than lower protein rates and limited calories. Large-framed goats, with

5727-475: The southeastern United States. Some countries' militaries use goats to train combat medics . In the United States, goats have become the main animal species used for this purpose after the Pentagon phased out using dogs for medical training in the 1980s. While modern mannequins used in medical training are quite efficient in simulating the behavior of a human body, trainees feel that "the goat exercise provide[s]

5810-457: The spring of 1819 at Marseilles and Toulon via the Crimea. About 100 of the cashmere goats were then purchased by the French government (at 2,000 francs each) and sent to the royal sheep farm at Perpignan. The remainder, about 180 including new-borns, went to Ternaux's property at Saint-Ouen outside Paris. Although Ternaux had little success getting small farmers to add cashmeres to their sheep herds,

5893-409: The surface. The soft hairs are the ones valued by the textile industry ; the material goes by names such as down, cashmere and pashmina . The coarse guard hairs are of little value as they are too coarse, difficult to spin and to dye. The cashmere goat produces a commercial quantity of fine and soft cashmere wool , one of the most expensive natural fibers commercially produced. It is harvested once

5976-417: The tradition of Nuutinpäivä — St. Knut's Day , January 13—involves young men dressed as goats (Finnish: Nuuttipukki ) who visit houses. Usually the dress was an inverted fur jacket, a leather or birch bark mask, and horns. Unlike the analogues Santa Claus , Nuuttipukki was a scary character (cf. Krampus ). The men dressed as Nuuttipukki wandered from house to house, came in, and typically demanded food from

6059-653: The wild (become feral) if given the opportunity. Feral goats have established themselves in many areas: they occur in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, the Galapagos and many other places. When feral goats reach large populations in habitats that provide unlimited water supply and do not contain sufficient large predators or are otherwise vulnerable to goats' aggressive grazing habits, they may have serious effects, such as removing native scrub and trees. Feral goats are extremely common in Australia, with an estimated 2.6 million in

6142-560: The world's goats live in Africa and Asia. The top producers of goat milk in 2022 were India (6.25 million metric tons), Bangladesh (0.91 million metric tons), and South Sudan (0.52 million metric tons). As of 2015 , India slaughters 41% of 124.4 million goats each year. The 0.6 million metric tonnes of goat meat make up 8% of India's annual meat production. Approximately 440 million goats are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide, yielding 6.37 million metric tons of meat. Goats readily revert to

6225-413: The world's total annual milk supply. Dairy goats produce an average of 540 to 1,180 kg (1,200 to 2,600 lb) of milk during an average 284-day lactation . The milk can contain between around 3.5% and 5% butterfat according to breed. Goat milk is processed into products including cheese and Dulce de leche . Most goats have soft insulating hairs nearer the skin, and long guard hairs on

6308-664: The world. Milk from goats is often turned into cheese . In 2022, there were more than 1.1 billion goats living in the world, of which 150 million were in India. Goats feature in mythology, folklore, and religion in many parts of the world, including in the classical myth of Amalthea , in the goats that pulled the chariot of the Norse god Thor , in the Scandinavian Yule goat , and in Hinduism's goat-headed Daksha . In Christianity and Satanism,

6391-404: The world. With proper management, the grasslands could recover in the space of ten years. Mitigation efforts include changing trades, grazing bans, hand-feeding the goats, and attempting to convince Mongolian herders to raise yaks or camels instead of or in addition to fewer goats, as the hair from these animals is also valuable and their impact on grasslands is less. Air pollution, caused by

6474-410: The years, but China and Mongolia are two of the leading producers as of 2019. Afghanistan is ranked third. Some yarns and clothing marketed as containing cashmere have been found to contain little to no cashmere fiber, so more stringent testing has been requested to ensure items are fairly represented. Poor land management and overgrazing to increase production of the valuable fiber has resulted in

6557-429: Was amazed by their durability and fineness. Ali Hamadani brought some raw goat wool from Ladakh and suggested the king to start shawl weaving in Kashmir. That was the starting point of the usage of the cashmere wool. Trading in commercial quantities of raw cashmere between Asia and Europe began with Valerie Audresset SA, Louviers, France, claiming to be the first European company to commercially spin cashmere. The down

6640-459: Was imported from Tibet through Kazan , the capital of the Russian province of Volga , and was used in France to create imitation woven shawls. Unlike the Kashmir shawls, the French shawls had a different pattern on each side. The imported cashmere was spread out on large sieves and beaten with sticks to open the fibers and clear away the dirt. After opening, the cashmere was washed and children removed

6723-564: Was launched in 2006. In 2013, LVMH Group acquired an 80% stake in Loro Piana, becoming the major shareholder. Sergio Loro Piana died the same year. In 2017, LVMH acquired another 5% stake in the company. In November 2021, Damien Bertrand was appointed as CEO of the brand. Since 2022, Loro Piana has established its headquarters at Cortile della Seta in Milan's Brera district. As of July 2022, Loro Piana distributes its products in Europe, North America,

6806-676: Was liberalised and Dawson International began buying cashmere from many provinces. Many early textile centers developed as part of the American Industrial Revolution. Among them, the Blackstone Valley became a major contributor to the American Industrial Revolution. The town of Uxbridge, Massachusetts , became an early textile center in the Blackstone Valley which was known for the manufacture of cashmere wool and satinets. Austrian Textile Manufacturer Bernhard Altmann

6889-407: Was sacrificed and the other allowed to escape into the wilderness, symbolically carrying with it the sins of the community. From this comes the word " scapegoat ". In Matthew 25:31–46, Jesus said that like a shepherd he will separate the nations, rewarding the sheep, those who have shown kindness, but punishing the goats. The devil is sometimes depicted, like Baphomet , as a goat, making the animal

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