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London Hammer

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37-514: The London Hammer (also known as the " London Artifact ") is a hammer made of iron and wood that was found in London, Texas in 1936. Part of the hammer is embedded in a limey rock concretion , leading to it being regarded by some as an anomalous artifact . The tool is identical to late 19th-century mining hammers, and the most likely explanation for its encasement in rock is that a deposit of highly soluble travertine formed and hardened around it within

74-717: A U.S. Highway on this corridor. Farm to Market Road 1215 ( FM 1215 ) is located in southwestern Reeves County . It begins along the north frontage road of I-10 . The two-lane road proceeds first to the north, then makes turns to the east and north into Saragosa , where it is known as West Main Street, before making one more eastward turn to SH 17 . FM 1215 runs south concurrently with SH 17 for 0.5 miles (0.80 km) before turning east at CR 306, following that road for 1 mile (1.6 km) before ending at an intersection with CR 309. CR 306 continues an additional mile to FM 2448 . FM 1215

111-481: A distance of 5.0 miles (8.0 km). The section between US 82 and FM 1201 was transferred to the latter route on February 6, 1953. FM 1200 was extended 3.4 miles (5.5 km) northwestward on July 11, 1968. Farm to Market Road 1201 ( FM 1201 ) is located in Cooke County . FM 1201 begins at an intersection with US 82 in western Gainesville . The highway travels in a north-northwest direction near

148-411: A junction with I-820 and turns north onto Boat Club Road near Lake Worth High School . The highway travels in a northern direction near several subdivisions, running between Lake Worth and Marine Creek Reservoir, before reentering Fort Worth near Saginaw . FM 1220 continues to run near several subdivisions in far northwest Fort Worth and turns west north of an intersection with Park Drive, then enters

185-497: A paved county road. FM 1210 was cancelled on February 28, 1951, and removed from the highway system. Farm to Market Road 1211 ( FM 1211 ) was located in Loving and Winkler counties. No highway currently uses the FM 1211 designation. FM 1211 was designated on July 14, 1949, from SH 276 (now SH 302 ) at Mentone to a point 2.0 miles (3.2 km) northeast. On December 17, 1952,

222-456: A relatively short time. The hammer was purportedly found by a local couple, Max Hahn and a female friend, while out walking along the course of the Red Creek near the town of London. They spotted a curious piece of loose rock with a bit of wood embedded in it and took it home with them. A decade later, their son Max broke open the rock to find the concealed hammerhead within. The metal hammerhead

259-452: A town and a town square – he hoped that the town would eventually serve as the seat of government for a new county. When a post office was established in 1882, the site was named London. The community continued to grow, and by 1896, the population had grown to about 100. The number of residents reached an estimated 360 in 1930. The Great Depression caused a brief decline in London, but by 1943,

296-467: Is an unincorporated community in northeastern Kimble County , Texas , United States. According to the Handbook of Texas , the community had an estimated population of 180 in 2000. Len L. Lewis, a horse trader and former Union Army officer, helped establish the community in the late 1870s or early 1880s. After marrying a local widow, Lewis purchased a half-section of land and proceeded with plans to build

333-419: Is approximately 6 inches (15 centimeters) long and has a diameter of 1 in (25 mm), leading some to suggest that this hammer was not used for large projects, but rather for fine work or soft metal. The metal of the hammerhead consists of 96.6% iron , 2.6% chlorine , and 0.74% sulfur . The hammer began to attract wider attention after it was bought in 1983 by the creationist Carl Baugh , who claimed

370-583: Is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, London has a humid subtropical climate , Cfa on climate maps. Public education in the community of London is provided by the Junction Independent School District . Ranch to Market Road 1221 Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by

407-550: Is located in Henderson County in Caney City . FM 1214 begins at Barron Road north of Wingham Road. The highway travels in a predominately northern direction before turning east at Thomas Drive. FM 1214 travels near the shore of Cedar Creek Reservoir before ending at an intersection with SH 198 . The current FM 1214 was designated on January 22, 1958, running from FM 316 (now SH 198) to St. Paul's School. FM 1214

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444-509: Is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76854. London is located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Junction along U.S. Highway 377 in northeastern Kimble County, at the south end of FM 1221 . Big Saline Creek flows past to the south of the community to its confluence with the Llano River approximately four miles to the southeast. The climate in this area

481-549: The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Farm to Market Road 1200 ( FM 1200 ) is located in Cooke County . FM 1200 begins at FM 1201 in western Gainesville near Gainesville Municipal Airport . The highway travels northwest before state maintenance ends south of South Fish Creek. The roadway continues as County Road 460 towards Marysville . FM 1200 was designated on July 14, 1949, running from US 82 west of Gainesville northwestward at

518-494: The artifact was a "monumental 'pre-Flood' discovery." He has used it as the basis of speculation of how the atmospheric quality of an antediluvian earth could have encouraged the growth of giants . Baugh's Creation Evidence Museum purchased the hammer around 1983 and began to promote it as "the London Artifact". Other observers have noted that the hammer is stylistically consistent with typical American tools manufactured in

555-504: The eastern border of Gainesville Municipal Airport and intersects FM 1200 before leaving the city limits. After leaving Gainesville, FM 1201 travels through rural areas until reaching the Moss Lake area. From here, FM 1201 runs closely to the Red River and travels through Sivells Bend . The highway ends just north of Sivells Bend, with state maintenance ending south of County Road 406;

592-582: The elimination of the Urban Road system on November 15, 2018. The entire route is in Tarrant County . The first route numbered FM 1220 was designated on July 14, 1949, from SH 115 at Wink southeast 7.8 miles (12.6 km) to a road intersection. FM 1220 was cancelled on February 28, 1951, and removed from the state highway system in exchange for extending FM 874 southwest from SH 82 (now SH 18) to SH 115. The second route numbered FM 1220

629-508: The north 3 miles (4.8 km) to FM 3398. The road continues an additional 7.1 miles (11.4 km) before state maintenance ends. The roadway continues to the northeast as Reeves County Road 425, which ends at SH 302 . The path of FM 1216 is roughly parallel to the Pecos River to the east. FM 1216 was designated in on July 14, 1949, along approximately 6.0 miles (9.7 km) of its present route beginning at US 285. The route

666-762: The north, mainly along the New Mexico state line, and enters Andrews County before ending at SH 128 . FM 1218 was designated on December 18, 1951, from FM 874 to the Andrews County line. It was extended to is current northern terminus at FM 781 (now SH 128) on December 17, 1952. A previous route numbered FM 1218 was designated in Upton County on July 14, 1949, from US 67 , 0.5 miles (0.80 km) east of McCamey , north, east, and south 5.1 miles (8.2 km) to another point on US 67, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of McCamey. This route

703-580: The old route became a spur of FM 1203. FM 1203 was cancelled on October 18, 1954 and became a portion of FM 678 . Farm to Market Road 1204 ( FM 1204 ) is located in Wise County . FM 1204 begins at the intersection of County Roads 2646 and 2745. The highway travels in a southeastern direction and turns to the southwest at Greenwood then turns back southeast at Greenwood Road. FM 1204 continues to run southeast before ending at an intersection with FM 51 northeast of Decatur . The current FM 1204

740-452: The population had grown to 400. In the years after World War II , the community again suffered a decline in the number of people and businesses. The low point was reached in the early 1970s, when only around 110 people were living in the community. In the latter years of the 20th century, the population rose to around 180. The London Town Square was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1971, marker number 2988. Although London

777-564: The region in the late 19th century. Its design is consistent with a miner's hammer. One possible explanation for the rock containing the artifact is that the highly soluble minerals in the ancient limestone may have formed a concretion around the object via a common process (like that of a petrifying well ) which often creates similar encrustations around fossils and other nuclei in a relatively short time. 32°13′49″N 97°48′19″W  /  32.23028°N 97.8053°W  / 32.23028; -97.8053 London, Texas London

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814-589: The road was extended a final 27.8 miles to US 290 at Sheffield, replacing FM 1749. On December 13, 1956, the road was signed, but not designated, as an extension of SH 349 . FM 1217 was cancelled on August 29, 1990 as the SH 349 designation became official. Farm to Market Road 1218 ( FM 1218 ) is located in Winkler and Andrews counties. It begins in Winkler County at FM 874 northeast of Kermit . It runs to

851-418: The road was extended northeast 14.8 miles (23.8 km) to the Winkler County line. That same day the road was extended northeast 14.0 miles (22.5 km) to SH 115 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Wink . On December 1, 1953, the road was signed (but not designated) as part of SH 302. FM 1211 was cancelled on August 29, 1990 as the SH 302 designation became official. Farm to Market Road 1214 ( FM 1214 )

888-436: The roadway continues north as County Road 403. FM 1201 was designated on July 14, 1949, running from FM 1200 northward at a distance of 4 miles (6.4 km). On February 6, 1953, the highway was extended to US 82 (absorbing the southernmost 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of FM 1200) and was extended 6.7 miles (10.8 km) northwest; FM 1201 was extended to Sivells Bend later that year on October 28. A spur route, FM Spur 1201 ,

925-657: The town of Eagle Mountain . The highway runs through the town and runs close to Eagle Mountain Lake . West of Eagle Mountain, the Boat Club Road designation leaves the highway, with FM 1220's local designation becoming Morris Dido Newark Road. The highway runs in a northwestern direction near the eastern shore of Eagle Mountain Lake with state maintenance ending at Peden Road at the southern boundary of Pecan Acres ; Morris Dido Newark Road continues past Peden Road for another 5.3 miles (8.5 km) to FM 718 near Newark . FM 1220

962-520: Was cancelled on December 18, 1951 and removed from the state highway system. Farm to Market Road 1220 ( FM 1220 ) is located in Tarrant County . FM 1220 begins at an intersection with SH 183 in the Far Greater Northside area of Fort Worth . The highway travels in a northwestern direction along Azle Avenue through a residential area and runs along the northern edge of Sansom Park before entering Lake Worth . In Lake Worth, FM 1220 has

999-494: Was cancelled on July 28, 1955, and transferred to FM 1763. A previous route numbered FM 1209 was designated on July 14, 1949, from SH 51, 5.1 miles (8.2 km) north of Crane, south and east 5.8 miles (9.3 km) to SH 51, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Crane. FM 1209 was cancelled on September 28, 1950, in exchange for creation of FM 1601. A previous route numbered FM 1210 was designated on July 14, 1949, from US 80 at Badger south and east 7.0 miles (11.3 km) to

1036-503: Was designated along its present route on July 14, 1949. The entire route is in Reeves County . Farm to Market Road 1216 ( FM 1216 ) is located in northeastern Reeves County , and connects US 285 in Pecos northward to the location of a former school. The road intersects FM 3398 . FM 1216 begins at US 285 on the northern edge of Pecos. The two-lane road proceeds to

1073-576: Was designated on December 1, 1953, running from SH 183 in Fort Worth northwestward and northward to a road intersection at a distance of 6.8 miles (10.9 km). The highway was extended 4.0 miles (6.4 km) northwestward on October 13, 1954. FM 1220 was extended 2.4 miles (3.9 km) to its current northern terminus on September 27, 1960. The section between SH 183 and I-820 was redesignated Urban Road 1220 ( UR 1220 ) on June 27, 1995. The designation of this segment reverted to FM 1220 with

1110-519: Was designated on July 14, 1949, along the current route. Farm to Market Road 1203 ( FM 1203 ) is located in Live Oak County . FM 1203 begins at an intersection with the northbound frontage road of I-37 south of Oakville . The highway travels in a northeastern direction, turns east, then turns southeast near a county road. FM 1203 continues to run in a southeastern direction before ending at an intersection with FM 799 . The current FM 1203

1147-422: Was designated on July 14, 1949, from US 287 at Iowa Park south 2 miles (3.2 km) to FM 367. On May 23, 1951, the road was extended 13.3 miles (21.4 km) east and north to SH 240. FM 1205 was cancelled on February 6, 1953, and transferred to FM 368. A previous route numbered FM 1208 was designated on July 14, 1949, from US 283 near Beaver Creek east 3.1 miles (5.0 km) to a road intersection. FM 1208

London Hammer - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-596: Was designated on June 21, 1951, from US 281 in Falfurrias east and north to SH 285 . This route was cancelled on June 23, 1953, but was restored on December 2, 1953 as FM 2191 . Ranch to Market Road 1221 ( RM 1221 ) is located in eastern Kimble and Menard counties. It is approximately 13.2 miles (21.2 km) in length. The route's southern terminus is at a junction with US 377 northeast of London . RM 1221 travels due north to an intersection with RM 1773 before curving slightly to

1221-423: Was designated on June 25, 1952, along the current route. The highway follows a former routing of FM 455 . A portion was FM 1657 . A previous route numbered FM 1204 was designated on July 14, 1949, running from SH 6 at Woodson eastward at a distance of 3.0 miles (4.8 km). FM 1204 was cancelled on January 3, 1952 and transferred to FM 209 . A previous route numbered FM 1205

1258-455: Was designated on March 2, 1967, along the highway's old location near Moss Lake. The entire route is in Cooke County . Farm to Market Road 1202 ( FM 1202 ) is located in Cooke County . FM 1202 begins at an intersection with FM 1201 . The highway travels in a northeast direction then turns southeast at Lake Lane before turning east at County Road 444. FM 1202 enters Gainesville before ending at I-35 near an outlet center. FM 1202

1295-401: Was designated on October 31, 1958, running from SH 9 (now I-37) near Oakville, eastward and southeastward to FM 799. FM 1203 was originally designated on July 14, 1949, running from US 82 east of Gainesville to Callisburg at a distance of 4.0 miles (6.4 km). The highway was extended to 1.0 mile (1.6 km) south of Sturgeon on February 6, 1953, absorbing FM 1629 , while

1332-562: Was extended along the remainder of its current length to the site of the former Patrole School on December 18, 1951. Farm to Market Road 1217 ( FM 1217 ) was located in Pecos and Terrell counties. No highway currently uses the FM ;1217 designation. FM 1217 was designated on July 14, 1949 from US 90 in Dryden to a point 5.5 miles north. By April 24, 1954, the road had been extended north and northeast 26.5 miles. On September 29, 1954

1369-460: Was originally designated on July 14, 1949, running from Spur 194 in Fort Stockton southward at a distance of 5.0 miles (8.0 km). The highway was extended 13.5 miles (21.7 km) southward on December 17, 1952. FM 1214 was extended to US 90 near Marathon on September 29, 1954. The highway was cancelled and redesignated as SH 51 (now US 385 ) on November 24, 1956 as TxDOT proposed

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