77-463: Warriparinga , also spelt Warriparingga (meaning Windy Place in the local Kaurna language ), is a nature reserve comprising 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres) in the metropolitan suburb of Bedford Park , in the southern suburbs of Adelaide , South Australia . Also known as Fairford , Laffer's Triangle , and the Sturt Triangle , Warriparinga is bordered by Marion Road, Sturt Road, and South Road , and
154-560: A Kaurna language program was introduced into Kaurna Plains School in 1992. Elizabeth City High School and Elizabeth West Adult Campus introduced the teaching of the language in 1994, and other schools have followed suit. TAFE courses to train Kaurna language teachers were developed by Mary-Anne Gale. Kaurna linguistics courses have been taught at the University of Adelaide since 1997. and both Kaurna and non-Kaurna have been studying and speaking
231-406: A crane to assist with loading and unloading cargoes but the crane was lost in transit from Second Valley in some four-and-a-half fathoms of water where it was abandoned. The first jetty at Rapid Bay was constructed of timber and was intended for the export of wool and wheat. Wheat and lead were exported from Second Valley during the 1860s owing to the lack of a suitable road to bring those cargoes to
308-473: A crushing plant, jetty and loading wharf, were eventually sold to Adelaide Brighton Cement in 1981. On 1 January 1982, ownership of the jetty was transferred to the Government of South Australia at no cost. Total production from 1942 to 2013 is estimated at 17 million tonnes, most of which was used for industrial purposes. Incomplete figures indicate production for construction material between 1977 and 2013
385-600: A direction connection to the Tjilbruke Dreaming. The building incorporates an art gallery, a café, a retail area and a large stage, and the centre is used for education, cultural events, and retail sales of aboriginal and related produce. Located on the site is Tjilbruke narna arra, Tjilbruke Gateway , a representation of the Tjilbruke Dreaming by artists Sherry Rankine, Margaret Worth and Gavin Malone. Commissioned by
462-416: A federal government grant, is under way to revise the spellings. Amery has been overseeing much of the work. It is intended that the final version will be released in print and in electronic form, including a phone app . In 2021, a printed Kaurna dictionary was published, as well as a Ngarrindjeri one. Amery and his wife, Ngarrindjeri linguist Mary-Anne Gale, have helped to drive the project. There has been
539-536: A growing number of Kaurna speakers in the 21st century. The first students of courses specially tailored to the teaching of Aboriginal language , run by Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide , enabling those who have learnt the language to pass on their skills to communities, graduated in July 2021. With the teachers and students often in the older age group, by July 2022 two of the first graduates had died. There
616-451: A high voltage power line from Willunga during the period 1938 to 1942 as part of the works undertaken to establish a limestone quarry. During the construction of the jetty, a worker named John Gamlin went missing and was presumed to have fallen from a platform that lacked rails and drowned. The tide was running quickly and wind speeds were reaching 40 miles per hour on the day of his disappearance. Quarrying commenced in 1942. The limestone
693-399: A hunt. Tjilbruke became separated from his nephews as he followed the tracks of an emu, returning to discover that Kulultuwi had killed the emu that Tjilbruke had been hunting. This was against local law, as the emu now belonged to Tjilbruke. Kulultuwi apologised, and, accepting his apology, Tjilbruke continued on his journey. With Tjilbruke gone, Kulultuwi was slain by his half brothers, on
770-579: A local ford , "Fairford" consisted of land and a single-roomed cottage. In 1843 George Angas leased the site to Henry William Trimmer . Trimmer worked the land for many years, eventually purchasing the site from the South Australian Company in 1862 for the sum of £1,118. Under Trimmer's custodianship, Fairford was developed to include over 13 acres (5.3 hectares) of vineyards – incorporating Gouais , Verdelho , Black Portugal and Grenache varieties – and various fruit trees. Henry Trimmer became
847-486: A mining town . Rapid Bay is known for its steep cliffs, caves, beach, two jetties and associated artificial reef . A resident leafy seadragon population inhabits the bay and weedy seadragons are also occasionally seen. It is considered to be among the best scuba diving sites in South Australia and Australia and has been featured on SportDiver as one of the world's top nine dives. The ecological communities on
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#1733085419660924-455: A new jetty of 240 metres (790 feet) length located 50 metres (160 feet) east of the BHP jetty was completed in 2009 to replace the public amenity lost by the progressive closure of the BHP jetty. The new jetty has since been colonised by marine life and augments the more established ecological communities on and around the historic jetty. At the seaward end, a staircase provides safe and easy entry to
1001-576: A representation of an ibis positioned above iron pyrite, symbolising Tjilbruke's final transformation. The work was intended, amongst other aims, to provide a space in which the Dreaming stories could be related by members of the Kaurna people. Warriparinga has been the site of a number of significant cultural events in recent years. These include the "friendship fires" initiated in 1999 by Georgina Williams, which were lit at each full moon . The events brought together up to 150 people, and were used by members of
1078-548: A respected viticulturist , eventually taking on the role of Treasurer for the South Australian Vinegrowers' Association, although his "addiction to his own vintage" was to result in health problems later in life. During this time the house was extended and a coach house was added to the property in the 1860s – it is suggested by Dolling that these improvements may have been designed by colonial architect, (and Lord Mayor), Edmund Wright . Upon Trimmer's death in 1867,
1155-480: A sketch grammar , hundreds of phrases and sentences along with English translations, traditional songlines , and textual illustrations of differences among dialects. They also created Kaurna translations of six German hymns as well as the Ten Commandments . Other Europeans such as William Wyatt , William Williams , William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse were interested in the people and learnt some of
1232-558: Is a locality that includes a small seaside town and bay on the west coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula , South Australia . It lies within the District Council of Yankalilla and its township is approximately 100 km south of the state capital, Adelaide . A pair of jetties are popular attractions for recreational fishing , scuba diving and snorkelling . The bay particularly known as a site for observing leafy seadragons in
1309-413: Is a need for more funding and more teachers. Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi (meaning "creating Kaurna language") is a group developing and promoting the recovery of the Kaurna language. It was established in 2002 by two Kaurna elders , Lewis Yerloburka O'Brien and Alitya Wallara Rigney , and linguist Robert Amery . The group now includes other Kaurna people, teachers, linguists and language enthusiasts. It
1386-528: Is a table of some of these cases. Kaurna has 3 numbers: singular , dual (-rla, -dla) and plural (-rna). Efforts to reintroduce Kaurna names, beginning in 1980 with the naming of Warriappendi School, in 1980 by Auntie Leila Rankine , have been made within the public domain. Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi, to cover
1463-525: Is available on the Council website. Between 1980 and 2012, around 1000 entities were assigned Kaurna names, including people, pets, organisations, buildings, parks, walking trails, an allele (a hereditary gene or chromosome), brand names, and the Kari Munaintya tram and Tindo solar bus. Some place names are known from historical sources, but not officially used as yet, such as Patpangga ( Rapid Bay ) "in
1540-404: Is managed by the Kaurna people. Kaurna had not been spoken as a native language since the Kaurna people had been pushed out of their traditional lands since the colonisation of South Australia in the 19th century, with the population in decline due to various factors. Ivaritji ( c. 1849 – 1929) was the last known speaker, but it was probably last only widely spoken in the early 1860s. In
1617-494: Is not recorded as a language in the AIATSIS AUSTLANG database. Luise Hercus and J. Simpson (2002, 2006) classify Kaurna as within the subgroup of Thura-Yura languages . The name "Kaurna" was not widely used until popularised by South Australian Museum Ethnographer Norman B. Tindale in the 1920s. The term "Kaurna" was first recorded by Missionary Surgeon William Wyatt (1879: 24) for "Encounter Bay Bob's Tribe". At
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#17330854196601694-756: Is part of a triangular section of land located in the southern Adelaide suburb of Bedford Park in the City of Marion . The site is traversed by the Sturt River which emerges from Sturt Gorge to enter Warriparinga as it starts to make its way along the Adelaide Plains , eventually joining the Patawalonga River . A portion of the Sturt River's flow is diverted on the site to form the Warriparinga Wetlands, while
1771-469: Is traversed by the Sturt River as it exists from Sturt Gorge to travel west across the Adelaide Plains . It has historical, cultural and environmental significance as a traditional Kaurna ceremonial meeting place and as a site of early European settlement . Culturally, Warriparinga has particular significance to the Kaurna people through its association with the Tjilbruke Dreaming story and as
1848-529: The Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia . The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in the area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges . Kaurna ceased to be spoken on an everyday basis in
1925-558: The Marion Council to protect the site in 1992, calling for the development of a "Warriparinga Interpretive Centre". Warriparinga , meaning "windy river place", was derived from a number of Kaurna names and variant spellings that have been recorded for the site, including Warri Parri , Warriparri , Warreparinga and Walpari . As a result, in the early 1990s, the Friends of Laffer's Triangle changed their name to Friends of Warriparinga. As
2002-568: The Marion Shopping Centre and Flinders Medical Centre – the latter moved because of concerns regarding a fault line that passes through the property, while the former was repositioned further west at the urging of both the investors and the Highways Department. Projects that did go ahead included a holiday park , a (now defunct) restaurant , call centres , a science park as part of the failed Multifunction Polis project, and
2079-661: The city centre and North Adelaide , including the five public squares and Adelaide park lands . Victoria Square , in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga , all 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri . The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. Others include Piltawodli (now Pirltawardli ), " brushtail possum home"; Warriparringga ( Warriparinga ) "windy river place". The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations,
2156-411: The 1920s, and the land contains grape vines and fruit trees planted by the early settlers. In 1998 the site was redeveloped as a native wetland . Stocked with native vegetation and fish, the wetland was designed to filter water from the Sturt River before it reached the Patawalonga River . Bounded by Sturt Road to the north, Marion Road to the west, and South Road to the south east, Warriparinga
2233-468: The 1980s, Kaurna people who had moved back into the Adelaide Plains area began to learn and use their language again. Robert Amery , head of Linguistics at the University of Adelaide , who has devoted much of his life and career to Indigenous languages, in particular Kaurna: "After more than 25 years of painstaking effort, there are now several Kaurna people who can conduct a conversation in Kaurna without resorting to English too quickly, and we are seeing
2310-547: The 19th century and the last known native speaker, Ivaritji , died in 1929. Language revival efforts began in the 1980s, with the language now frequently used for ceremonial purposes, such as dual naming and welcome to country ceremonies. Robert M. W. Dixon (2002) classified Kaurna as a dialect of the Kadli language, along with Ngadjuri , Narungga , and Nukunu , and "Nantuwara", with kadli meaning "dog" in these varieties. However this name has not gained wide acceptance and
2387-471: The City of Marion, the work consists of a number of tree trunks clustered together, interwoven with symbolic representations of aspects from the Dreaming. Amongst these symbols are a number of circles around selected trunks, representing the freshwater springs that were created by Tjilbruke's tears; flows of coloured sands running through the work to represent the gully winds and the "flow of the river and of life"; and
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2464-647: The Kaurna people to help maintain a connection to the land. A similar fire was lit in May, 2004, and allowed to burn for several days as part of the National Reconciliation Week . The 2004 fire served as the centrepiece of a number of local celebrations and events during that period – including a farewell ceremony for outgoing Mayor, Colin Haines, and a protest against the building of the Ansett Call Centre close to
2541-630: The Kaurna people while the language was dormant. The Kaurna Warra Karrpanthi Aboriginal Corporation (KWK) was registered in 2013 to support the reclamation and promotion of the language of the Kaurna nation, including training and teaching. In 2022 a dictionary written by Rob Amery and co-authors Susie Greenwood and Jasmin Morley was published. It includes not only the words included on the handwritten lists made by Teichelmann and Schürmann 160 years earlier, but also 4,000 new words that were created in consultation with local elders and Kaurna speakers. The cover
2618-602: The Land Management Corporation, who provided the land that was required. Using a $ 1.7 million grant from the State Government, the wetlands were developed to filter water traveling along the Sturt River before it reached the Patawalonga . While the overall design was conducted by B C Tonkin and Associates, the project involved a number of bodies, and, as no archaeological study had been previously undertaken on
2695-606: The Sturt police station . Three of the recent developments resulted in controversy. The first of these, the 1991 rebuilding of the South Road bridge over the Sturt River, led to the formation of the Friends of Laffer's Triangle when a local resident noticed the damage that the construction had caused to the local environment. Environmental issues came to the fore during the planning of the Southern Expressway , along with concerns that
2772-416: The area, and incorporates native food sources and plants that were employed by the indigenous population for their fiber . The ponds were stocked with a number of fish that were native to the area, including southern black bream ( Acanthopagrus butcheri ), bigheaded gudgeon ( Philypnodon grandiceps ), bridled goby ( Arenigobius bifrenatus ) and common galaxias ( Galaxias maculatus ). Work started on
2849-561: The beginning of the Tjilbruke Trail. An interpretive museum, the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre is located on the site and recognises this tradition. The area also has historical significance as an early European settlement site, as it was settled in the 1840s soon after the establishment of South Australia. A heritage-listed farmhouse remains on the site, having remained essentially unchanged after modifications were made in
2926-495: The civil engineering field. A second award came in 2000 when the wetlands were granted a commendation in the South Australian Engineering Excellence Awards, at which the judges noted the attention that the developers had paid to the sensitive issues that were involved, given the mix of cultural, residential and business concerns, along with the engineering principles and practices that were employed at
3003-470: The deck of the public jetty. The historic industrial jetty is permanently closed due to its state of natural decay. The first jetty at Rapid Bay was built in the late 1860s, described as "new" in 1867 and assessed by the Marine Board in 1871. It was considered well made but poorly designed owing to its south-westerly heading and the shallowness of water at its terminus. The jetty had been intended to feature
3080-431: The design of the wetlands prevented this from going ahead. Another site at Warriparinga was considered, but the construction of the Ansett Call Centre took precedence. The final location, next door to Fairford house, raised its own set of concerns, with suggestions that it would generate an architectural and cultural clash. Nevertheless, the plan won the support of the council and Heritage SA, and proceeded accordingly. Work
3157-490: The exception of ⟨rd⟩ /ɾ/ . Pre-stopped consonants are preceded by ⟨d⟩ . Below are the consonants of Kaurna (Amery, R & Simpson, J 2013 ). Kaurna places primary stress on the first syllable. Kaurna has relatively free word order . Kaurna uses a range of suffixed case markers to convey information including subjects, objects, spacio-temporal state and other such information. These sometimes have variations in pronunciation and spelling. Below
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3234-453: The first semi-native speakers of Kaurna emerging". Kaurna is now frequently used to give Welcomes to Country . Sustained efforts to revive the language in from 1989 included the writing of several Kaurna songs originally written in the Ngarrindjeri , Narungga and Kaurna languages. A second songbook, Kaurna Paltinna , was published in 1999. Following one-off workshops in 1990 and 1991,
3311-400: The following alternatives: Kaura, Coorna, Koornawarra, Nganawara, Kurumidlanta, Milipitingara, Widninga, Winnaynie, Meyu, Winaini, Winnay-nie, Wakanuwan, Adelaide tribe, Warra, Warrah, Karnuwarra, Jaitjawar:a, Padnaindi, Padnayndie, Medaindi, Medain-die, Merildekald, Merelde, Gaurna, Nantuwara, Nantuwaru, Meljurna, Midlanta. French explorer Joseph Paul Gaimard recorded the first wordlist of
3388-413: The form that it retains today – that of a 1920s bungalow . The Laffer family remained on the property for 112 years, earning it the new name of "Laffer's Triangle". Over the years the property was considered for a number of projects, and parts of the land have been sold to various commercial and government interests. Warriparinga has been considered as the site for a number of major developments, such as
3465-453: The funding now available, a number of setbacks occurred during development. Difficulties in finding compromise positions between stakeholders led the council to consider passing up the federal grant, and while that problem was overcome, there were ongoing concerns about where to locate the project. The original intent had been to build the cultural centre on the opposite side of Sturt River to Fairford house, but infrastructure costs and changes to
3542-440: The grounds that Kulultuwi had broken the law by killing Tjilbruke's emu. They then bore his body to Warriparinga, where they intended to prepare it for burial. Tjilbruke came looking for Kulultuwi, and, determining that Kulultuwi had been murdered by his half brothers, killed Jurawi and Tetjawi at the site. Picking up his nephew's body, Tjilbruke carried him south to Patparno ( Rapid Bay ) for burial, resting at various locations along
3619-567: The jetty ceased commercial operations in 1991. It suffered storm damage in 2004, after which it was progressively closed in stages for the purpose of ensuring public safety. Above the water, the jetty is slowly decaying and is off-limits to the general public. Below the water, the jetty provides habitat for a wide variety of temperate marine species. Since its closure, the above-water structure has also become an increasingly valuable roost for seabirds. The Jetty collapsed in January 2022. Construction of
3696-577: The jetty piles are well-established and attract large schools of fish including Old Wives and Zebra Fish . Over 70 species of fish have been recorded in Rapid Bay. Many marine invertebrates can be observed on the jetty piles and living among the debris on the seafloor. Iconic examples include the Australian giant cuttlefish and the blue-ringed octopus . Rapid Bay is also a popular recreational fishing site, with fishing possible from shore, boat, kayak and
3773-649: The language, containing 168 words, after calling in at the Gulf St Vincent en route to Western Australia in 1826, before the colony of South Australia had been established. His sources were listed as Harry and Sally. Schürmann and Teichelmann, who ran a school at Piltawodli , gained most of their knowledge of the language from three respected elders : Mullawirraburka ("King John" / "Onkaparinga Jack"), Kadlitpinna ("Captain Jack") and Ityamaiitpinna ("[King Rodney"). The two missionaries recorded around about 3000 words,
3850-404: The language. The records, including an extensive vocabulary and grammar, compiled by Teichelmann and Schürmann in the 1840s have proven valuable in projects to reconstruct the language. The Kaurna Learners' Guide ( Kulurdu Marni Ngathaitya ) was published in 2013, and Kaurna radio shows have been broadcast since 2012. The Kaurna Dictionary Project at the University of Adelaide , funded by
3927-689: The language; several wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. Williams created a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in The South Australian Colonist on 14 July 1840. His work entitled A vocabulary of the language of the Aborigines of the Adelaide district, and other friendly tribes, of the Province of South Australia
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#17330854196604004-560: The new wetlands in June, 1998, and was completed by December of that year. The wetlands were officially opened by John Olsen , the then Premier of South Australia , on 16 December 1998. In 1999, a year after the wetlands were developed, the project was awarded a State CASE Earth Award. Created by the Civil Contractors Federation and Case Construction Equipment , the awards are intended to acknowledge environmental engineering within
4081-432: The original name for Adelaide. The annual Tarnanthi Festival of Contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art takes its name from the Kaurna word meaning "to rise, come forth, spring up or appear". Many prominent South Australian place names are drawn from the Kaurna language: English-Kaurna hybridised placenames include: Possible Kaurna placenames include: Rapid Bay, South Australia Rapid Bay
4158-449: The path. Where he rested his tears created freshwater springs, and, after Kulultuwi was buried, Tjilbruke's body turned to iron pyrite as his grief led him to choose to give up life as a man. With the death of his body, his spirit transformed into a glossy ibis – a motif that is featured in many aspects of Warriparinga today. After the establishment of the City of Adelaide, the land was granted to George Fife Angas in 1839. Named after
4235-612: The plans developed the name started to be applied to the entire project and, over time, the site as a whole. Eventually the name was formally accepted for the Warriparinga Reserve and the Warriparinga Wetlands, and today the name has almost entirely replaced the earlier terms. The Warriparinga Wetlands was a combined project by the Marion Council, the Patawalonga Catchment Water Management Board and
4312-407: The property was passed to Trimmer's wife, Eliza Catherine Trimmer, and Edward Amand Wright, before being sold to Henry Laffer in 1876. Henry Laffer continued farming the land, although his son, Albert, chose to focus more on fruit trees than vineyards and grazing. The house was also modified during this period, with significant alterations occurring in the 1890s and again in 1923, at which point it took
4389-526: The river runs along a concrete drain once it leaves Warriparinga and continues in this vein until it joins the Patawalonga in Glenelg North . Prior to European settlement, Warriparinga played a significant role in the traditions of the local Kaurna people – Warriparinga is the gateway to the Tjilbruke Dreaming , which relates the story of how many of the springs south of Adelaide were formed. Warriparinga
4466-464: The same time he recorded "Meeyurna" for " Onkaparinga Jack 's Tribe". Kaurna most likely derives from kornar , the word for "people" in the neighbouring Ramindjeri/ Ngarrindjeri language . Mullawirraburka (Onkaparinga Jack, also known to the colonists as "King John"), was one of Lutheran missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann 's main sources. Encounter Bay Bob , as his name suggests, came from Encounter Bay (Victor Harbor) and
4543-561: The separate country". However, there is no evidence that any of these names was a place name for Rapid Bay, though the bay is officially dual-named Patpangga . Prior to the establishment of the South Australian colony, whalers based on Kangaroo Island were known to have called at Rapid Bay though it was not so named until 1836. South Australia Colonial Surveyor General Colonel William Light made his first landfall on mainland South Australia at Rapid Bay on 8 September 1836. The site
4620-471: The site, one was organised. In addition, given the cultural significance of the site to the Kaurna people, representatives from the Kaurna Aboriginal Community and Heritage Association were included in the reference group. The final design consists of four ponds that are fed by water diverted from the Sturt River using a strategically placed fallen log. Native vegetation has been planted around
4697-620: The site. First proposed in 1992 by Paul and Naomi Dixon, the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre (then known as the Warriparinga Interpretive Centre ) was intended to educate visitors about the local Kaurna culture. After several years of discussion, in 1998 the Marion Council received funding for the project through a federal grant of $ 1.45 million via the Federation Cultural and Heritage Program. Even with
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#17330854196604774-407: The site. Other Reconciliation Week events held at Warriparinga include the 2009 launch of the first new bark canoe since European settlement. Built by Paul Dixon, the canoe was carved using traditional techniques from a tree found in nearby Mitchell Park . Kaurna language Kaurna ( / ˈ ɡ ɑːr n ə / or / ˈ ɡ aʊ n ə / ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by
4851-585: The south"; Pattawilyangga (Patawalonga, Glenelg ) "swamp gum foliage"; and Yertabulti ( Port Adelaide ). Public artworks, beginning in 1995 with the Yerrakartarta installation outside the Intercontinental Hotel on North Terrace, Adelaide , have also incorporated words, phrases and text drawn from the Kaurna language, and the universities and other organisations have also taken on Kaurna names. The Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute uses
4928-498: The vowel. Historically, Kaurna has had ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ used varyingly in older versions of its orthography, but these are not reflected in the phonology of the language. The consonant inventory of Kaurna is similar to that of other Pama-Nyungan languages (compare with Adnyamathanha , in the same Thura-Yura grouping). In the orthography, dental consonants are followed by ⟨h⟩ and palatals by ⟨y⟩ , and retroflex consonants are preceded by ⟨r⟩ , with
5005-414: The waterfront at Rapid Bay. The first Rapid Bay jetty's landward end was some 50 yards distant from the later BHP construction. The BHP Jetty was originally 490 metres (1,600 ft) long, with a 'T' section of 200 metres (650 ft) length for ship-loading. The jetty terminated in 9.1 metres (30 ft) of water (at lowest tide). Originally built by BHP and later operated by Adelaide Brighton Cement,
5082-447: The wild. Its postcode is 5204. Rapid Bay features in the creation myths of the Kaurna and Ramindjeri peoples most notably as the burial site of the nephew of the Kaurna creator ancestor known as Tjilbruke . There is uncertainty as to the Kaurna name for Rapid Bay, which has been cited as Patparno, Patpangga (meaning "south" or "south place"), and Yarta-kulangga, a popular campsite at Rapid Bay, whose name probably means "place of
5159-495: The work would destroy a significant archaeological site at Warriparinga. A similar combination of concerns resulted in changes to the Ansett Australia Call Centre after it was proposed in 2000, as both environmental and cultural issues led to a number of protests against its construction, although, like the other two projects, the call centre was eventually completed on the site. Paul and Naomi Dixon started lobbying
5236-470: Was also a camping ground for the indigenous population, with kangaroos , emus and wallabies in the area, along with supplies of native food . Evidence of the traditional uses of the land includes a scarred tree , possibly used to make a shield or dish, and a number of scatter sites in the area where archaeologists have found aboriginal implements. In the Dreaming, Tjilbruke's nephew, Kulultuwi, joined Tjilbruke and his half brothers, Jurawi and Tetjawi, on
5313-486: Was born at Rapid Bay have been refuted. Rapid Bay was briefly considered by Light as a potential site for the new colony's capital, but with the discovery of the Adelaide Plains it faded into quiet obscurity. On his first visit, Light created a garden then left the bay in the hands of Kangaroo Island sealers and indigenous people from the Encounter Bay area. The BHP constructed the town, an ore-loading jetty and
5390-492: Was completed on the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre by early September, 2002, and it was officially opened later that month by representatives of the Kaurna people, the Marion Council Mayor, and local federal parliamentarian, Andrew Southcott . The building was designed by Phillips/Pilkington Architects Pty Ltd and Habitable Places, and features a corrugated iron roof modeled to resemble the sweep of an ibis' wings, drawing
5467-655: Was created from a series of workshops funded by a University of Adelaide grant in 2000, and is hosted by the department of linguistics at the University of Adelaide. KWP-run language classes through both the Kaurna Plains School and the university. KWP has created a uniform dialect of the language, making new words such as mukarntu ( mukamuka brain + karntu lightning), meaning "computer", and other words for things such as modern appliances, transportation, cuisine, and other common features of life that have changed for
5544-461: Was designed by Kaurna artist Katrina Karlapina Power. Entitled Kaurna Warrapiipa, Kaurna Dictionary , the dictionary contains translations both ways (Kaurna and English ). and is published by Wakefield Press . Kaurna has three different vowels with contrastive long and short lengths (a, i, u, a:, i:, u:), and three diphthongs (ai, au, ui). The three main vowels are represented by ⟨a⟩, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ respectively, with long vowels indicated by doubling
5621-472: Was most likely a fully initiated elder Ramindjeri man. Thus "Meyunna" is probably an endonym and would linguistically be preferable as the name for this language group, as suggested in the mid-1990s. However, they are now universally known as the Kaurna people. Library of Congress Subject Headings gives the following variant names (all followed by "language"): Adelaide; Coorna; Gauna; Gaurna; Gawurna; Kaura; Kawurna. The Endangered Languages Project names
5698-556: Was named after Light's ship, the 162 ton brig Rapid . To mark this historic landfall the Colonel's initials, "W.L.", were carved into a large boulder – a replica is visible in the township, while the original is stored in the South Australian Museum , in Adelaide. John Rapid Hoare (7 November 1836 – perhaps 7 July 1916), also named for the brig Rapid , was the first European child born on mainland South Australia. Claims that he
5775-402: Was roughly 550,000 tonnes. A small volume of roadbase materials continues to be quarried from the site. The quarry and remaining buildings are located within tenements PM11 and PM12 which as of 2021 are held by Adelaide Brighton Cement and Croser Bros. The history of the township during the BHP years was recorded by Des Lord in the 2018 book Rapid Bay... Before we forget. History and memoirs of
5852-494: Was self-published in 1839, to be sold in London as well as Adelaide. Others who recorded some knowledge of Kaurna included James Cronk, Walter Bromley , George Augustus Robinson , Hermann Koeler, Louis Piesse, Edward Stephens and James Chittleborough. In the 19th century, there was also a Kaurna-based pidgin used as a contact language. The former range of the language was mapped by Norman Tindale and later Robert Amery , and
5929-459: Was transported by sea and used as a flux at BHP's Whyalla Steelworks in South Australia, and Newcastle and Port Kembla in New South Wales . In 1948, production averaged 30,000 tonnes per month with a fully mechanised process from electric shovel to crushers, then by conveyor to ship. At that time there were 41 men employed at the project, including office staff. BHP's assets, including
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