Misplaced Pages

#957042

48-669: The cornerstone for the Gothic Revival church was laid on July 20, 1843, and the first services were held in February 1844, making it the oldest surviving church building in Toronto. It was the second Anglican church in the city, after St. James' Cathedral . The church is so named to distinguish it from the later Church of the Holy Trinity . The architect was 25-year-old Henry Bowyer Lane , who had recently immigrated from England. The structure

96-504: A church for all people. Little Trinity has always been a church whose life is rooted in the word of God, the Holy Bible – it is an Evangelical Anglican church. For about 100 years, from the 1890s, the motto of the church was "holding forth the word of life" (Phillipians 2:14). In 1889, the church was enlarged to provide 600 seats for the congregation. Part of the addition was destroyed by fire in early 1961. After 14-months of reconstruction,

144-698: A church in Nova Scotia, though the Georgian and Neo-classical styles remained dominant for several decades. The first stone neo-Gothic structure in the Maritimes is St. John's Church in Saint John, New Brunswick . It dates to 1824, the same year work began on Notre-Dame. In the 1830s and 1840s, four prominent neo-Gothic churches were built in Quebec City , representing each of that city's major Protestant denominations. By

192-585: A large construction programme as the government and civil service established itself in Ottawa and across the country. Rapid growth of cities, especially in Ontario, saw most Christian denominations in most cities build major churches during this period. The downtowns of most Canadian cities are thus dotted with Gothic Revival churches. Canada's historic secular institutions, such as universities and museums, were also founded in this era of rapid growth. There are other reasons

240-529: A new organ in 1858. The facade of the church was completed in 1865, and included three statues by French sculptor Henri Bouriché: Saint-Joseph, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Jean-Baptiste. The interior took much longer, and Victor Bourgeau, who also worked on Montreal's Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral , worked on it from 1872 to 1879. Stonemason John Redpath was a major participant in the construction of

288-468: A pedal board. Approximately 11 million people visit Notre-Dame Basilica every year, making it one of the most visited monuments in North America. In 2023, Notre-Dame was named the 6th most beautiful building in the world by Angi , a home service publication which analyzes TripAdvisor reviews. The publication ranked Notre-Dame de Paris second and Barcelona 's Sagrada Família first. In 1657,

336-558: A style that is often known as Collegiate Gothic. The newer universities of western Canada, such as the University of British Columbia and University of Saskatchewan , turned to traditional styles as they underwent large expansions. The older universities of Ontario also built several new Gothic Revival Structures. Gothic Revival finally almost completely disappeared after the Second World War, as Canada embraced Modern Architecture and

384-743: Is Massey College at the University of Toronto . Its materials and the elements of its design are fully modern; however, the form and arrangement of those materials directly quotes from the Gothic Revival structures on campus. Another is the Windsor Arms Hotel , also in Toronto. It is a modern Gothic styled skyscraper built on the base of an older Gothic Revival structure from the start of the 20th century. Prominent Gothic Revival buildings across Canada listed by province. [REDACTED] Category Notre-Dame de Montr%C3%A9al Basilica Notre-Dame Basilica ( French : Basilique Notre-Dame )

432-720: Is a minor basilica of the Catholic Church in the historic Old Montreal district of Montreal in Quebec , Canada. It is located at 110 Notre-Dame Street West, at the corner of Saint Sulpice Street. It is situated next to the Saint-Sulpice Seminary and faces the Place d'Armes square. The interior of the church is amongst the most dramatic in the world and regarded as a masterpiece of Gothic Revival architecture. The vaults are coloured deep blue and decorated with golden stars, and

480-507: Is an historically influential style, with many prominent examples. The Gothic Revival style was imported to Canada from Britain and the United States in the early 19th century, and it rose to become the most popular style for major projects throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Gothic Revival era lasted longer and was more thoroughly embraced in Canada than in either Britain or

528-526: Is in an 1811 proposal by Jeffry Wyatt for a new legislature in Quebec City . One of the first major Gothic Revival structures in Canada was Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal , which was designed in 1824 by the Irish-American James O'Donnell . The largest church in North America upon its completion, it was one of the first architectural works of international note to be built in Canada. It was also one of

SECTION 10

#1733086245958

576-480: Is made up of members of many backgrounds from across the Toronto region. There is a Sunday School programme and a youth programme. Each week, worship services are held on Sunday morning and Sunday evening. 43°39′11.5″N 79°21′43″W  /  43.653194°N 79.36194°W  / 43.653194; -79.36194 Gothic Revival architecture in Canada Gothic Revival architecture in Canada

624-412: Is red brick with accents of tan brick and stone. Local craftsmen donated many of the bricks and their labor to construct the church. The 60 ft (18 m) square bell tower has contrasting octagonal buttresses at each of its four corners. The congregation was established in eastern Toronto on July 12, 1842, for working-class families unable to pay the high pew prices at St. James', and so they built

672-519: The International Style . This was motivated by the prevailing fashion of the period, but also by economics and technology. The stark new structures of steel and glass were vastly cheaper than the often ornate stone constructions of the neo-Gothic style. The style thus almost completely disappeared. The rise of postmodern architecture , with its interest in history and place, has seen the occasional reintegration of Gothic Revival styles. One example

720-628: The Roman Catholic Sulpicians arrived in Ville-Marie , now known as Montreal; six years later, the seigneury of the island was vested in them. They ruled until 1840. The parish they founded was dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary , and the parish church of Notre-Dame was built on the site in 1672. François Baillairgé , an architect, designed the interior decoration and choir 1785–95; facade and vault decoration, 1818. The church served as

768-532: The 1840s, the Gothic Revival style had become virtually universal among Anglicans and was used for most other Christian denominations as well. As in much of the English speaking world, the lancet windows and buttresses of the Gothic Revival style soon became permanently associated in most people's mind with ecclesiastical buildings. It was soon also embraced for secular purposes as well, such as government buildings and universities. Canadian universities modeled themselves on

816-470: The Annex in Toronto, have many examples of houses that incorporate neo-Gothic elements. This includes a highly vertical emphasis on the structure; ornate decorations on the gables , often incorporating classic Gothic trefoil forms; and lancet windows and door frames. In rural Ontario the ubiquitous Ontario Cottage was often adorned with Gothic elements. The Gothic Revival style started to wane in popularity in

864-611: The Basilica. The sanctuary originally hosted a large canopy, but because it caused a lighting effect that would blind the congregation, the interior designs were reworked by Bourgeau and Victor Rousselot, the current priest. They were inspired by the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, with gold leaf motifs paired with brightly painted columns. Because of the splendour and grand scale of the church, a more intimate chapel, Chapelle du Sacré-Cœur (Chapel of

912-551: The Buildings is the Gothic of the 12th and 13th Centuries, with modification to suit the climate of Canada. The ornamental work and the dressing round the windows are of Ohio sandstone. The plain surface is faced with a cream-colored sandstone of the Potsdam formation, obtained from Nepean, a few miles from Ottawa. The spandrils of the arches, and the spaces between window-arches and the sills of

960-599: The First World War Toronto saw work begin on three of its best known neo-Gothic structures, Casa Loma , the CHUM-City Building , and Hart House . While the three buildings were erected for completely different purposes, and a very distinct in style, they are all clearly Gothic in inspiration. In the years after the First World War , when the Gothic Revival was being supplanted in most of the world, Canada

1008-501: The Gothic Revival style was almost universal among Christian religious buildings, it was less so among secular structures. Other revival styles were also popular. Romanesque Revival buildings were popular, as were neo-classical structures. No provincial legislature copied the style of the Parliament buildings. Even in Ottawa several federal government buildings of this period embraced other styles. Pure Gothic forms were mostly unsuited to

SECTION 20

#1733086245958

1056-480: The Gothic Revival style, of which long serving Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King was a strong supporter, for several decades. As the federal government expanded, two major civil service office buildings were built in the Gothic style just to the west of Parliament Hill in the 1930s. After the First World War some of the most prominent Gothic Revival structures were constructed by Canada's universities, in

1104-458: The Gothic styles became so widespread in Canada. The steep roofs and thick stone walls were well suited to Canada's northern climate. In the United States architects liked to link their republic to those of Ancient Greece and Rome through the neo-classical style. Canada's Loyalists had no such leanings, and the English-Canadian elite was strongly Anglophilic and monarchist. Gothic architecture

1152-535: The High Altar during the state funeral of Pierre Trudeau , his father and Canada's 15th prime minister. It was also the setting of Celine Dion 's December 17, 1994, wedding to René Angélil and hosted the funeral service for Angélil on January 22, 2016. In the summer of 2014, a French collector named Pierre-Jean Chalencon displayed a variety of artifacts that belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte. These items included clothing, weapons, and furniture, and were on display in

1200-706: The Sacred Heart), was built behind it, along with some offices and a sacristy . It was completed in 1888. In 1886, Casavant Frères began constructing a new 32-foot pipe organ at the church, completing it in 1891. It was notably the first organ with adjustable-combination pedals to be operated by electricity. Arson destroyed the Sacré-Cœur Chapel on December 8, 1978. It was rebuilt with the first two levels reproduced from old drawings and photographs, with modern vaulting and reredos and an immense bronze altarpiece by Quebec sculptor Charles Daudelin . Notre-Dame Church

1248-449: The United States, only falling out of style in the 1930s. The period during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was also a time when many major Canadian institutions were founded. Throughout Canada, many of the most prominent religious, civic, and scholastic institutions are housed in Gothic Revival style buildings. During the 1960s and 1970s, several scholars (most notably Alan Gowans) embraced Canadian Gothic Revival architecture as one of

1296-429: The church as such. He intended for a terrace to be built on the exterior of the church, but this was never completed due to a lack of funding. He is the only person buried in the church's crypt . O'Donnell converted to Roman Catholicism on his deathbed and was thus buried in the crypt. The primary construction took place between 1824 and 1829. The cornerstone was laid at Place d'Armes on September 1, 1824. The sanctuary

1344-610: The church leadership favoured a neo-baroque style more closely linked to the architecture of New France . The Victorian High Gothic period also saw a willingness to combine the neo-Gothic with other styles. Two important examples of a mix between Gothic and Romanesque styles are University College in Toronto and the British Columbia Parliament Buildings . Variations on the neo-Gothic style developed in Britain were also imported to Canada. The Scottish baronial style

1392-514: The congregation returned in March 1962. During this renovation, the floor of the nave was raised 4 ft (1.2 m) to allow for construction of an activity hall on the lower level. Little Trinity has sent dozens of church members overseas to serve the development and spiritual needs of nations around the world. In 2014, a new office space was opened at 403 King Street East, in a revitalized heritage building. The present multi-generational congregation

1440-818: The crypt on the basilica. In April 2019, following the Notre-Dame de Paris fire , Montreal's Notre-Dame announced that it would accept donations to aid in the Paris cathedral's reconstruction. On March 23, 2024, the state funeral of Canada's 18th prime minister Brian Mulroney was held at the Basilica. Both towers have bells, the West Tower (La Persévérance), has a bourdon bell nicknamed Jean-Baptiste, cast in John Dod Ward’s Eagle Foundry in 1848. Jean-Baptiste weighs 10,900 kg and tolled only on special occasions such as funerals, great church festivals and even Christmas Eve. The East Tower (La Temperance), houses

1488-462: The day to day requirements of residential and commercial properties; however, neo-Gothic ornamentation and principles were successfully adapted to these uses, and these structures became quite popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In rural areas the Gothic Cottage was immensely popular until well into the 20th century. Neighbourhoods that grew during this period, such as Cabbagetown and

Little Trinity Anglican Church - Misplaced Pages Continue

1536-428: The first Catholic Gothic Revival structures, as the movement would not spread from Britain to France and continental Europe until several years later. As the most prominent church in the colony, its form was much imitated by local church builders, who constructed miniature versions of the basilica across Quebec. Protestants also embraced the style. As early as the late 18th century, certain Gothic elements had appeared in

1584-449: The first cathedral of the Diocese of Montreal from 1821 to 1822. By 1824 the congregation had completely outgrown the church, and James O'Donnell , an Irish-American Anglican from New York City , was commissioned to design the new building, with a goal of accommodating a congregation of up to 10,000. O'Donnell was a proponent of the Gothic Revival architectural movement , and designed

1632-689: The great British universities, Oxford and Cambridge , and this extended to embracing the Collegiate Gothic architecture used in their construction. Two of the first Gothic Revival colleges were Trinity College in Toronto and Bishop's University in Quebec. In the later half of the 19th century, Gothic Revival architecture became the dominant style for major Canadian buildings. As the style became accepted and popular, architects became more willing to experiment and modify its conventions. While previous Gothic Revival architects had attempted to closely recapture

1680-732: The late 19th century, with grandiose railway hotels such as the Château Frontenac and Banff Springs Hotel . It mixed Gothic Revival with elements borrowed from the castles of the Loire in France. Gothic Revival became the dominant style of Canadian civic architecture largely as a matter of timing. The mid and late 19th century was the period that the Canadian state was formed and when many of its secular and religious institutions were established. Canadian Confederation occurred in 1867, and subsequent years saw

1728-525: The late 19th century. New technologies such as steel building frames, elevators, and electric lighting were having a considerable impact on how buildings could be used and constructed. Newer styles such as the Beaux-Arts and Art Deco came to prominence. However, this was much less true in Canada. Gothic Revival architecture continued to be one of the most important building styles well into the 1940s, though often in highly modified and original forms. Just before

1776-485: The nation's signature styles and as an integral part of Canadian nationalism . While largely abandoned in the modernist period, several postmodern architects have embraced Canada's neo-Gothic past. Gothic Architecture is a name given in retrospect to many of the major projects of the High Middle Ages . As this period covered the 13th and 14th centuries, there are no authentic Gothic buildings in Canada. The style

1824-547: The rest of the sanctuary is decorated in blues, azures, reds, purples, silver, and gold. It is filled with hundreds of intricate wooden carvings and several religious statues. Unusual for a church, the stained glass windows along the walls of the sanctuary do not depict biblical scenes, but rather scenes from the religious history of Montreal. It also has a Casavant Frères pipe organ , dated 1891, which comprises four keyboards, 99 stops using electromagnetic action and an adjustable combination system, 7000 individual pipes, and

1872-526: The same, but their arrangement was uniquely modern. The Parliament Buildings also departed from Medieval models by integrating a variety of eras and styles of Gothic architecture, including elements of Gothic architecture from Britain, France, the Low Countries, and Italy all in one building. In his Hand Book to the Parliamentary and Departmental Buildings, Canada (1867), Joseph Bureau wrote, "The style of

1920-566: The style of the Middle Ages, the new architects retained the Medieval motifs, but recombined them in entirely new ways. One of the most important examples of this style anywhere in the world were the Parliament Buildings designed by Thomas Fuller . While the style and design of the building is unquestionably Gothic, it resembles no building constructed during the Middle Ages. The forms were

1968-520: The upper windows, are filled up with a quaint description of stonework, composed of stones of irregular size, shape and colour, very neatly set together." This style was also embraced for religious architecture. In most towns in Ontario, and also in many parts of the newly settled west and the Maritimes, elaborate High Gothic churches were built. Unlike in the earlier era, the French Catholic church in Quebec did not embrace this style. During this period

Little Trinity Anglican Church - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-499: Was also experiencing greatly strengthened Canadian nationalism . For the first time the Canadian political and cultural elite began to seek a path distinct from that being followed in the United Kingdom and United States. As so many notable Canadian structures were Gothic Revival in style it became closely linked to Canadian identity, and was embraced by the new Canadian nationalism. Perhaps the most important Gothic Revival structure

2064-534: Was employed by Chief Dominion Architect David Ewart to create a number of castle like structures in Ottawa. New materials were also incorporated. Cast iron allowed stronger structures with thinner supporting walls to be built, while some recreated gothic forms in brick, rather than the traditional stone or wood. One style that rose to special prominence was the Château Style of Canada's grand railway hotels , also known as Railway Gothic. This style first appeared in

2112-455: Was finished in 1830, and the first tower in 1841, the second in 1843. O'Donnell designed the towers to be traditionally Gothic, and intended for them to be seen from any point in the city. Following O'Donnell's death, John Ostell, an English-born architect, finished the towers according to O'Donnell's original plans. Upon completion, the church was the largest in North America, and remained so for over fifty years. Samuel Russell Warren constructed

2160-472: Was quite out of favour in the 17th century, when Europeans first began erecting structures in Canada, and the style is absent from the early settlements in New France and the Maritimes . In the 18th century, a growing spirit of Romanticism and interest in the Medieval past led to a revival of Gothic styles in Britain. The style made its way to Canada during the early 19th century. One of the first appearances

2208-494: Was raised to the status of a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II on April 21, 1982. The Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Church was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1989. On May 31, 2000, the provincial state funeral for former Montreal Canadiens superstar Maurice "Rocket" Richard was held in front of thousands, both inside and outside the Basilica. On October 3, 2000, Justin Trudeau gave his eulogy just steps from

2256-426: Was seen as symbolic of this. In the late 19th century as Canada began to see an influx of Southern and Eastern European immigrants, the nativist backlash also embraced Gothic Revival architecture as emblematic of Canada's identity as a homeland for the "northern race." In French Canada the civic and religious authorities of the 19th and early 20th century also embraced a strident conservatism. While during this period

2304-568: Was the new Centre Block of the Canadian Parliament. The Gothic Revival monument of Thomas Fuller was destroyed by a fire in 1917. Despite the half a century that had elapsed since the first parliament was built, the Gothic Revival style was still the obvious choice to the Canadian Government. The new building had several important differences from the old one, most notably the new Peace Tower . The federal government continued building in

#957042