83-531: The Little House Wayside is a 3-acre (1.2 ha) rest area located in Pepin County, Wisconsin . It is approximately seven miles (11 km) northwest of Pepin, Wisconsin located in the town of Stockholm and approximately one mile southeast of Lund on County Highway CC (formerly Wisconsin Highway 183 ). The Wayside is located on the plot where Laura Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867. The site contains
166-450: A captive portal webpage for access. Organizations, enthusiasts, authorities and businesses , such as airports, hotels, and restaurants, often provide free or paid-use hotspots to attract customers, to provide services to promote business in selected areas. Routers often incorporate a digital subscriber line modem or a cable modem and a Wi-Fi access point, are frequently set up in homes and other buildings, to provide Internet access for
249-626: A Wi-Fi network. Wi-Fi uses a large number of patents held by many different organizations. Australia, the United States and the Netherlands simultaneously claim the invention of Wi-Fi, and a consensus has not been reached globally. In 2009, the Australian CSIRO was awarded $ 200 million after a patent settlement with 14 technology companies, with a further $ 220 million awarded in 2012 after legal proceedings with 23 companies. In 2016,
332-447: A city-wide campaign to convert old phone booths into digital kiosks in 2014. The project, titled LinkNYC , has created a network of kiosks that serve as public Wi-Fi hotspots, high-definition screens and landlines . Installation of the screens began in late 2015. The city government plans to implement more than seven thousand kiosks over time, eventually making LinkNYC the largest and fastest public, government-operated Wi-Fi network in
415-456: A common Wi-Fi version. The versions differ between the radio wavebands they operate on, the radio bandwidth they occupy, the maximum data rates they can support and other details. Some versions permit the use of multiple antennas, which permits greater speeds as well as reduced interference. Historically, the equipment listed the versions of Wi-Fi supported using the name of the IEEE standards. In 2018,
498-407: A computer and an interface controller is called a station . Stations are identified by one or more MAC addresses . Wi-Fi nodes often operate in infrastructure mode in which all communications go through a base station. Ad hoc mode refers to devices communicating directly with each other, without communicating with an access point. A service set is the set of all the devices associated with
581-452: A filling station, and sometimes even tourist attractions, such as a Ferris wheel or a view of a famous location. They are usually spaced about one hour apart on the system, and often a planned stop for tour buses. Two Service Areas also have a motel. The other grade of rest stop is a "Parking Area", or a PA. PAs are much smaller, and spaced roughly 20 minutes apart on the system. Besides a small parking lot, toilets and drink vending machines are
664-539: A founding member of the Wi-Fi Alliance, the term Wi-Fi was chosen from a list of ten names that Interbrand proposed. Interbrand also created the Wi-Fi logo . The yin-yang Wi-Fi logo indicates the certification of a product for interoperability . The name is often written as WiFi , Wifi , or wifi , but these are not approved by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The name Wi-Fi is not short-form for 'Wireless Fidelity', although
747-478: A fuel station, public phones, restaurants, restrooms, parking and, occasionally, a hotel or a motel. If the service area is off the motorway, it is named Rasthof or Autohof . Smaller parking areas, mostly known as a Rastplatz ( de:Rastplatz ), are more frequent, but they have only picnic tables, and sometimes, toilets (signposted). Rest areas are constructed and maintained by the Finnish government, while
830-423: A generic, cafeteria-style nature. They contain filling stations , washrooms, picnic areas, and vending machines . During the late 1980s the service centres were taken over by Scott's Hospitality, a major publicly traded Canadian restaurant operator, who leased them out to major oil companies and fast food restaurant chains, with a single gasoline distributor and sole restaurant for most locations. In 2010–11, most of
913-641: A greater degree by common building materials than the 2.4 GHz bands and usually give a shorter range. As 802.11 specifications evolved to support higher throughput, the protocols have become much more efficient in their bandwidth use. Additionally, they have gained the ability to aggregate channels together to gain still more throughput where the bandwidth for additional channels is available. 802.11n allows for double radio spectrum bandwidth (40 MHz) per channel compared to 802.11a or 802.11g (20 MHz). 802.11n can be set to limit itself to 20 MHz bandwidth to prevent interference in dense communities. In
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#1733085411763996-645: A more permanent structure or restroom building. Some rest areas have visitor information kiosks, or even stations with staff on duty. There may also be drinking fountains , vending machines , pay telephones , a fuel station , a restaurant/ food court , or a convenience store at a service area. Some rest areas provide free coffee for long-distance drivers, paid-for by donations from other travelers (and-or donations from local businesses, civic groups, churches, etc.). Many service stations have Wi-Fi access, bookshops and newsstands. Many scenic rest areas have picnic areas. Service areas tend to have traveller information in
1079-575: A number of them would also feature information center, community hall, leisure facilities including hot springs and parks and such, and other features unique to individual stations. There are now over a thousand across Japan. In the past, there were shukuba ( stage stations ) which serve as resting place for people travelling along traditional routes in Japan by horse or foot before modern transportation vehicles are introduced into Japan. In Malaysia, an overhead bridge restaurant (OBR), or overhead restaurant,
1162-426: A particular Wi-Fi network. Devices in a service set need not be on the same wavebands or channels. A service set can be local, independent, extended, mesh, or a combination. Each service set has an associated identifier, a 32-byte service set identifier (SSID), which identifies the network. The SSID is configured within the devices that are part of the network. A basic service set (BSS) is a group of stations that share
1245-651: A petrol station and, in some cases, a restaurant or café. The majority of service areas within Ireland are operated by Circle K or Applegreen , and contain fuel stations, truck stops, shops and fast food outlets, such as McDonalds , Burger King , Subway or Chopstix; they differ, from the United Kingdom for example, in that only one service station contains a hotel (the M7 services in Portlaoise , County Laois ). The term "lay-by"
1328-533: A replica of the house that was described in the book, Little House in the Big Woods . The unfurnished cabin contains a fireplace, two bedrooms, a loft, and information about Wilder and her family. The site is now surrounded by open farmland, although it was a dense hardwood forest when Wilder was born. The site is maintained by the Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society . The house is closed for
1411-410: A single carrier, whereas 802.11a, Wi-Fi 4, 5 and 6 use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing . Channels are used half duplex and can be time-shared by multiple networks. Any packet sent by one computer is locally received by stations tuned to that channel, even if that information is intended for just one destination. Stations typically ignore information not addressed to them. The use of
1494-613: A team of scientists began working on wireless LAN technology. A prototype test bed for a wireless local area network (WLAN) was developed in 1992 by a team of researchers from the Radiophysics Division of the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) in Australia, led by John O'Sullivan . A patent for Wi Fi was lodged by the CSIRO in 1992 The first version of
1577-615: A wider channel for higher throughput. Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. 802.11b/g/n can use the 2.4 GHz band, operating in the United States under FCC Part 15 rules and regulations. In this frequency band, equipment may occasionally suffer interference from microwave ovens, cordless telephones , USB 3.0 hubs, Bluetooth and other devices. Spectrum assignments and operational limitations are not consistent worldwide: Australia and Europe allow for an additional two channels (12, 13) beyond
1660-700: Is a lay-by , parking area , scenic area , or scenic overlook . Along some highways and roads are services known as wayside parks, roadside parks, or picnic areas . The availability, standards and upkeep of facilities at a stop vary by jurisdiction. Service stations have parking areas allotted for cars and trucks , articulated trucks, as well as buses and caravans . Most state-run rest areas tend to be located in more remote or rural areas, where there are likely no fast food eateries (let alone any full-service restaurants ), fuel stations, hotels, campgrounds or other roadside services nearby. The locations of these remote rest areas are usually marked by signs on
1743-470: Is a special rest area with restaurants above the expressway. Unlike typical laybys and RSAs, which are only accessible in one-way direction only, an overhead restaurant is accessible from both directions of the expressway. In the Philippines , barring certain exceptions, rest areas typically occupy large land areas with restaurants and retail space on top of filling stations. There are 10 service stations in
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#17330854117631826-562: Is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance , which restricts the use of the term " Wi-Fi Certified " to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing. Non-compliant hardware is simply referred to as WLAN , and it may or may not work with " Wi-Fi Certified " devices. As of 2017, the Wi-Fi Alliance consisted of more than 800 companies from around the world. As of 2019, over 3.05 billion Wi-Fi-enabled devices are shipped globally each year. Wi-Fi uses multiple parts of
1909-554: Is about 20 m (66 ft) indoors, while some access points claim up to a 150 m (490 ft) range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square kilometers using many overlapping access points with roaming permitted between them. Over time, the speed and spectral efficiency of Wi-Fi have increased. As of 2019, some versions of Wi-Fi, running on suitable hardware at close range, can achieve speeds of 9.6 Gbit/s ( gigabit per second). A 1985 ruling by
1992-432: Is divided into a multitude of channels . In the standards, channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing within a band (except in the 60 GHz band, where they are 2.16 GHz apart), and the number refers to the centre frequency of the channel. Although channels are numbered at 5 MHz spacing, transmitters generally occupy at least 20 MHz, and standards allow for neighbouring channels to be bonded together to form
2075-739: Is not encouraged. Two off-highway service campuses at Exit 74 along the Queen Elizabeth Way in Grimsby are unofficial rest areas for travelling motorists. Two smaller such facilities (Seguin Trail Road south of Parry Sound and Port Severn Road in Port Severn) also exist on the less-busy section Highway 400 north of the last official on-highway service centre. In Quebec, rest areas are known as haltes routières and service areas as aires de services . Rest rooms and picnic areas are located along
2158-620: Is submitted for certification. The lack of Wi-Fi certification does not necessarily imply that a device is incompatible with other Wi-Fi devices. The Wi-Fi Alliance may or may not sanction derivative terms, such as Super Wi-Fi , coined by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to describe proposed networking in the UHF TV band in the US. Equipment frequently supports multiple versions of Wi-Fi. To communicate, devices must use
2241-417: Is used in applications such as motion detection and gesture recognition . Wi-Fi stations communicate by sending each other data packets , blocks of data individually sent and delivered over radio on various channels. As with all radio, this is done by the modulation and demodulation of carrier waves . Different versions of Wi-Fi use different techniques, 802.11b uses direct-sequence spread spectrum on
2324-456: Is used in the UK and Ireland to describe a roadside parking or rest area for drivers. Equivalent terms in the United States are "turnout" or "pullout". Lay-bys can vary in size, from a simple parking bay alongside the carriageway (sufficient for one or two cars only) to substantial areas that are separated from the carriageway by verges, which can accommodate dozens of vehicles. Lay-bys are to be found on
2407-542: The Eduroam international authentication infrastructure. In the early 2000s, many cities around the world announced plans to construct citywide Wi-Fi networks. There are many successful examples; in 2004, Mysore (Mysuru) became India's first Wi-Fi-enabled city. A company called WiFiyNet has set up hotspots in Mysore, covering the whole city and a few nearby villages. In 2005, St. Cloud, Florida and Sunnyvale, California , became
2490-547: The Freeway Bureau and the Directorate General of Highways . There are 16 rest areas along four important freeways: Freeways No.1 ( Sun Yat-sen Freeway ), 3 ( Formosa Freeway ), 5 ( Chiang Wei-shui Memorial Freeway ), 6 ( Shuishalian Freeway ) and one expressway ( West Coast Expressway ). In Thailand , rest areas are considered part of the national highway . Especially on intercity highways (Motorways) which are under
2573-546: The IEEE 802 protocol family and is designed to work seamlessly with its wired sibling, Ethernet . Compatible devices can network through wireless access points with each other as well as with wired devices and the Internet. Different versions of Wi-Fi are specified by various IEEE 802.11 protocol standards, with different radio technologies determining radio bands, maximum ranges, and speeds that may be achieved. Wi-Fi most commonly uses
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2656-649: The North Luzon Expressway , 9 service stations in the South Luzon Expressway , 3 service stations in both STAR Tollway and SCTEX , and a Caltex service station in Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway . In South Korea , a rest area usually includes a park and sells regional specialties. Usually Korean rest areas are very big and clean. Cellphone charging is free and WiFi is available in every rest area. In Taiwan , rest areas are maintained by
2739-632: The Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , as well as sections of Highway 400 . However, shorter and/or less trafficked 400-series highways (including the northern sections of Highway 400), do not have even basic rest areas along them at all. The original service centres for Highway 401 were mostly built around 1962. In 1991, one was placed at the west end of the Greater Toronto Area , serving eastbound traffic in Mississauga ; this location
2822-853: The Wi-Fi Alliance introduced simplified Wi-Fi generational numbering to indicate equipment that supports Wi-Fi 4 ( 802.11n ), Wi-Fi 5 ( 802.11ac ) and Wi-Fi 6 ( 802.11ax ). These generations have a high degree of backward compatibility with previous versions. The alliance has stated that the generational level 4, 5, or 6 can be indicated in the user interface when connected, along with the signal strength. The most important standards affecting Wi‑Fi are: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n ( Wi-Fi 4 ), 802.11h, 802.11i, 802.11-2007, 802.11–2012, 802.11ac ( Wi-Fi 5 ), 802.11ad, 802.11af, 802.11-2016, 802.11ah, 802.11ai, 802.11aj, 802.11aq , 802.11ax ( Wi-Fi 6 ), 802.11ay . Wi-Fi technology may be used to provide local network and Internet access to devices that are within Wi-Fi range of one or more routers that are connected to
2905-609: The Yellowhead Highway / Highway 16 , the Coquihalla Highway / Highway 5 , and on Highway 97C , the first service centres built in the province. One notable curiosity is a service centre built along Highway 118 : it is a minor road connecting two towns to the Yellowhead Highway (Hwy. 16). Ontario has a modern and well-developed network of service centres, now mostly known as ONroute , located along Highway 401 along
2988-480: The autoroute network, and regulations dictate there to be one such area every 20 km (12.4 mi ). Both types may also be found on national (N-class) highways, although less frequently than on autoroutes. They are known as aires , or aire de service and aire de pique-nique , respectively; aire de repos ("rest area") usually refers to a picnic stop. These areas are not usually stated on approach signs, but are rather distinguished by
3071-752: The departments of transportation of the state governments . For example, rest areas in California are maintained by Caltrans . In 2008, state governments began to close some rest areas as a result of the late-2000s recession . Some places, such as California , have laws that explicitly prohibit private retailers from occupying rest stops. A federal statute passed by Congress also prohibits states from allowing private businesses to occupy rest areas along interstate highways . The relevant clause of 23 U.S.C. § 111 states: The State will not permit automotive service stations or other commercial establishments for serving motor vehicle users to be constructed or located on
3154-701: The rights-of-way of the Interstate System. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi ( / ˈ w aɪ f aɪ / ) is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves . These are the most widely used computer networks, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices and to provide Internet access with wireless routers and wireless access points in public places such as coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, libraries, and airports. Wi-Fi
3237-455: The 11 permitted in the United States for the 2.4 GHz band, while Japan has three more (12–14). 802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax can use the 5 GHz U-NII band , which, for much of the world, offers at least 23 non-overlapping 20 MHz channels. This is in contrast to the 2.4 GHz frequency band where the channels are only 5 MHz wide. In general, lower frequencies have longer range but have less capacity. The 5 GHz bands are absorbed to
3320-608: The 2.4 gigahertz (120 mm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (60 mm) SHF radio bands, with the 6 gigahertz SHF band used in newer generations of the standard; these bands are subdivided into multiple channels. Channels can be shared between networks, but, within range, only one transmitter can transmit on a channel at a time. Wi-Fi's radio bands work best for line-of-sight use. Many common obstructions, such as walls, pillars, home appliances, etc., may greatly reduce range, but this also helps minimize interference between different networks in crowded environments. The range of an access point
3403-408: The 5 GHz band, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz channels are permitted with some restrictions, giving much faster connections. Wi-Fi is part of the IEEE 802 protocol family. The data is organized into 802.11 frames that are very similar to Ethernet frames at the data link layer, but with extra address fields. MAC addresses are used as network addresses for routing over
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3486-427: The 802.11 protocol was released in 1997, and provided up to 2 Mbit/s link speeds. This was updated in 1999 with 802.11b to permit 11 Mbit/s link speeds. In 1999, the Wi-Fi Alliance formed as a trade association to hold the Wi-Fi trademark under which most IEEE 802.11 products are sold. The major commercial breakthrough came with Apple Inc. adopting Wi-Fi for their iBook series of laptops in 1999. It
3569-562: The CSIRO's WLAN prototype test bed was chosen as Australia's contribution to the exhibition A History of the World in 100 Objects held in the National Museum of Australia . The name Wi-Fi , commercially used at least as early as August 1999, was coined by the brand-consulting firm Interbrand. The Wi-Fi Alliance had hired Interbrand to create a name that was "a little catchier than 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence'." According to Phil Belanger,
3652-611: The Internet. The coverage of one or more interconnected access points can extend from an area as small as a few rooms to as large as many square kilometres. Coverage in the larger area may require a group of access points with overlapping coverage. For example, public outdoor Wi-Fi technology has been used successfully in wireless mesh networks in London. An international example is Fon . Wi-Fi provides services in private homes, businesses, as well as in public spaces. Wi-Fi hotspots may be set up either free of charge or commercially, often using
3735-578: The LAN. Wi-Fi's MAC and physical layer (PHY) specifications are defined by IEEE 802.11 for modulating and receiving one or more carrier waves to transmit the data in the infrared, and 2.4, 3.6 , 5, 6, or 60 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee ( IEEE 802 ). The base version of the standard was released in 1997 and has had many subsequent amendments. The standard and amendments provide
3818-554: The U.S. Federal Communications Commission released parts of the ISM bands for unlicensed use for communications. These frequency bands include the same 2.4 GHz bands used by equipment such as microwave ovens , and are thus subject to interference. In 1991 in Nieuwegein , the NCR Corporation and AT&T invented the precursor to 802.11, intended for use in cashier systems, under
3901-429: The United States, rest areas are typically non-commercial facilities that provide, at a minimum, parking and restrooms. In the United States, there are 1,840 rest areas along interstate routes. Some may have information kiosks, vending machines, and picnic areas, but little else, while some have "dump" facilities, where recreational vehicles may empty their sewage holding tanks. They are typically maintained and funded by
3984-543: The Wi-Fi Alliance did use the advertising slogan "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity" for a short time after the brand name was created, and the Wi-Fi Alliance was also called the "Wireless Fidelity Alliance Inc." in some publications. IEEE is a separate, but related, organization and their website has stated "WiFi is a short name for Wireless Fidelity". The name Wi-Fi was partly chosen because it sounds similar to Hi-Fi , which consumers take to mean high fidelity or high quality . Interbrand hoped consumers would find
4067-536: The autoroutes and many of the provincial highways . Some of the rest areas have vending machines and/or canteens. Some truck and isolated rest areas have no services or have been removed due as facilities are deteriorated beyond repair. Beginning in 2019 the province began to modernize some rest areas to provide needs for families and truckers. There are about 10 service areas (on Highways 10, 15, 20, 40, 55, 117, and 175); with some of these rest areas have restrooms, filling stations and restaurants/vending machines. In
4150-605: The basis for wireless network products using the Wi-Fi brand. While each amendment is officially revoked when incorporated in the latest version of the standard, the corporate world tends to market to the revisions because they concisely denote capabilities of their products. As a result, in the market place, each revision tends to become its own standard. In addition to 802.11, the IEEE 802 protocol family has specific provisions for Wi-Fi. These are required because Ethernet's cable-based media are not usually shared, whereas with wireless all transmissions are received by all stations within
4233-481: The capability. Some laptops that have a cellular modem card can also act as mobile Internet Wi-Fi access points. Many traditional university campuses in the developed world provide at least partial Wi-Fi coverage. Carnegie Mellon University built the first campus-wide wireless Internet network, called Wireless Andrew , at its Pittsburgh campus in 1993 before Wi-Fi branding existed. Many universities collaborate in providing Wi-Fi access to students and staff through
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#17330854117634316-569: The channel to be idle at the same time and thus begin transmission simultaneously. A collision happens when a station receives signals from multiple stations on a channel at the same time. This corrupts the transmitted data and can require stations to re-transmit. The lost data and re-transmission reduces throughput, in some cases severely. The 802.11 standard provides several distinct radio frequency ranges for use in Wi-Fi communications: 900 MHz , 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz and 60 GHz bands . Each range
4399-418: The cost and difficulty of keeping them safe, although many California rest stops now feature highway patrol quarters. In Malaysia , Indonesia , Iran , Saudi Arabia , and Turkey , rest areas have prayer rooms ( musola ) for Muslims travelling more than 90 kilometres (56 mi) (2 marhalah ; 1 marhalah ≈ 45 kilometres (28 mi)). In Iran it is called Esterāhatgāh ( Persian :استراحتگاه) meaning
4482-515: The database. Signal fluctuations can cause errors, which can be reduced with noise-filtering techniques. For low precision, integrating Wi-Fi data with geographical and time information has been proposed. The Wi-Fi RTT capability introduced in IEEE 802.11mc allows for positioning based on round trip time measurement, an improvement over the RSSI method. The IEEE 802.11az standard promises further improvements in geolocation accuracy. Wi-Fi sensing
4565-524: The expressway system, allowing a person to stop without exiting the expressway, as exiting and reentering the tollway would lead to a higher overall toll for the trip. They are modeled and named after the motorway service stations in the United Kingdom. The larger rest area is called a " Service Area ", abbreviated to SA. SAs are usually very large facilities with parking for hundreds of cars and many buses - offering toilets, smoking areas, convenience stores, pet relief areas, restaurants, regional souvenir shops,
4648-414: The first cities in the United States to offer citywide free Wi-Fi (from MetroFi ). Minneapolis has generated $ 1.2 million in profit annually for its provider . In May 2010, the then London mayor Boris Johnson pledged to have London-wide Wi-Fi by 2012. Several boroughs including Westminster and Islington already had extensive outdoor Wi-Fi coverage at that point. New York City announced
4731-483: The form of so-called "exit guides", which often contain very basic maps and advertisements for local motels and nearby tourist attractions . Privatised commercial services may take the form of a truck stop complete with a filling station , arcade video games , and even a children's recreation area or playground, as well as shower and laundry facilities, nearby fast food eateries(s), or their own cafeteria or food court, all under one roof, immediately adjacent to
4814-427: The freeway or motorway; for example, a sign may read, "Next Rest Area 64 miles", "Next Services 48 miles" or "Next Rest Stop 10 km". Driving information is usually available at these locations, such as posted maps and other local information, along with public toilets ; again, however, depending on the location or standards of the area, some stops have rows of portable toilets ("porta-potties") available rather than
4897-480: The highway networks of all provinces, and the Trans-Canada Highway . Nova Scotia has constructed a small number of full-fledged service centres along its 100-Series Highways . In New Brunswick , the only rest areas are roadside parks with picnic tables and washrooms operated as a part of the provincial park system, but many have closed due to cutbacks. Occasionally, litter barrels are also found along
4980-446: The intersection of Highway 21 and Highway 7 is often considered a service centre. Although Highway 7 was bypassed by the freeway Highway 402 in the late 1970s, Reese's Corner still receives much traffic as it is only a short distance from the interchange of Highway 402 and Highway 21 (Exit 25). Lastly, truck inspection stations (which are more frequent than service centres) can be used by travellers for bathroom breaks, although this
5063-458: The local municipality provides area maps and sanitary services. If there are commercial services, the shop inherits the responsibility for cleanliness and upkeep of the area. Rest areas are designed mostly for long-distance drivers. The recommendation in Finland is that there should be a rest area each 20 km (12.4 mi). In France, both full-service rest areas and picnic sites are provided on
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#17330854117635146-466: The motorway. Some offer business and financial services, such as ATMs , fax machines, office cubicles , as well as the aforementioned internet access. Some rest areas have the reputations of being unsafe with regard to crime, especially at night, since they are usually situated in remote or rural areas and inherently attract transient individuals. California's current policy is to maintain existing public rest areas but no longer build new ones, due to
5229-530: The name WaveLAN . NCR's Vic Hayes , who held the chair of IEEE 802.11 for ten years, along with Bell Labs engineer Bruce Tuch, approached the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to create a standard and were involved in designing the initial 802.11b and 802.11a specifications within the IEEE. They have both been subsequently inducted into the Wi-Fi NOW Hall of Fame. In 1989 in Australia,
5312-452: The name catchy, and that they would assume this wireless protocol has high fidelity because of its name. Other technologies intended for fixed points, including Motorola Canopy , are usually called fixed wireless . Alternative wireless technologies include Zigbee , Z-Wave , Bluetooth and mobile phone standards . To connect to a Wi-Fi LAN, a computer must be equipped with a wireless network interface controller . The combination of
5395-525: The older service centres were replaced by a common design operated by ONroute , which features a selection of fast food providers akin to a food court . Outside of the ONRoute locations there are 211 rest areas along provincial highways. Most are basic stops (picnic area) with restrooms for most locations and parking for most vehicles (commercial trucks may not be serviced at small areas). Most are seasonal operated from mid May to mid November. Reese's Corner at
5478-463: The only consistent amenities offered, while some larger parking areas have small shops, local goods, and occasionally a filling station - but are much smaller than their larger Service Area counterparts. Since 1990s, many Japanese towns also established " Roadside stations " along highway and trunk route. In addition to conventional functions of service area, most of them also provide shops and restaurants dedicated to local culture and local produce, and
5561-566: The project, which was to be completed in 2015. Wi-Fi positioning systems use known positions of Wi-Fi hotspots to identify a device's location. It is used when GPS isn't suitable due to issues like signal interference or slow satellite acquisition. This includes assisted GPS , urban hotspot databases, and indoor positioning systems. Wi-Fi positioning relies on measuring signal strength ( RSSI ) and fingerprinting. Parameters like SSID and MAC address are crucial for identifying access points. The accuracy depends on nearby access points in
5644-542: The range that employ that radio channel. While Ethernet has essentially negligible error rates, wireless communication media are subject to significant interference. Therefore, the accurate transmission is not guaranteed so delivery is, therefore, a best-effort delivery mechanism. Because of this, for Wi-Fi, the Logical Link Control (LLC) specified by IEEE 802.2 employs Wi-Fi's media access control (MAC) protocols to manage retries without relying on higher levels of
5727-504: The receiver uses the destination address to determine whether the transmission is relevant to the station or should be ignored. A scheme known as carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) governs the way stations share channels. With CSMA/CA stations attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be idle, but then transmit their packet data in its entirety. CSMA/CA cannot completely prevent collisions, as two stations may sense
5810-417: The rest area or rest place. In Thailand and Vietnam, bus travel is common, and long-distance bus rides typically include stops at rest areas designed for bus passengers. These rest stops typically have a small restaurant as well as a small store for buying food. Some have proper restrooms and even souvenir shops. In Japan , there are two grades of rest areas on Japan's tolled expressways . These are part of
5893-400: The same channel also means that the data bandwidth is shared, so for example, available throughput to each device is halved when two stations are actively transmitting. As with other IEEE 802 LANs, stations come programmed with a globally unique 48-bit MAC address. The MAC addresses are used to specify both the destination and the source of each data packet. On the reception of a transmission,
5976-511: The same wireless channel, SSID, and other settings that have wirelessly connected, usually to the same access point. Each BSS is identified by a MAC address called the BSSID . The IEEE does not test equipment for compliance with their standards. The Wi-Fi Alliance was formed in 1999 to establish and enforce standards for interoperability and backward compatibility , and to promote wireless local-area-network technology. The Wi-Fi Alliance enforces
6059-732: The side of most rural UK roads, except motorways that are not on sections of smart motorways (but for emergencies only) where the hard shoulder is missing. They are marked by a rectangular blue sign bearing a white letter P, and there should also be advance warning of lay-bys to give drivers time to slow down safely. In Canada, roadside services are known as service centres in most provinces. In some instances, where there are no retail facilities, they may be known as rest areas or text stops ('halte-texto' in French). Most service centres are concentrated along Ontario 's 400-series highway and Quebec 's Autoroute networks, while rest areas are found along
6142-1120: The side of the road. The Prairie provinces of ( Saskatchewan , and Manitoba ) have rest stops located along the Trans-Canada Highway ( Highway 1 ). However, these stops are simply places to rest, or go to the washroom; they are not built to the standard rest area found on the 400-series highways in Ontario, or the Interstate Highways of the United States. Alberta Transportation operates seven provincial rest areas or safety rest areas . These include: Alberta Transportation also designates partnership rest areas or highway service rest areas that are privately owned and operated highway user facilities. These facilities are located on Highway 1 at Dead Man's Flats , Highway 2 at Red Deer (Gasoline Alley), Highway 9 near Hanna , Highway 16 at Niton Junction and at Innisfree , and Highway 43 at Rochfort Bridge . British Columbia has many services centres on its provincial roads, particularly along
6225-445: The structure. Similarly, battery-powered routers may include a mobile broadband modem and a Wi-Fi access point. When subscribed to a cellular data carrier, they allow nearby Wi-Fi stations to access the Internet. Many smartphones have a built-in mobile hotspot capability of this sort, though carriers often disable the feature, or charge a separate fee to enable it. Standalone devices such as MiFi - and WiBro -branded devices provide
6308-746: The supervision of the Department of Highways. For standard rest areas in the areas of motorways and concession highways, they are divided into 3 types: (1) Service Centers, accommodation on large highways. with an area of approximately 50 rai or more (2) Service Area, medium-sized highway accommodation The area is about 20 rai or more. (3) Rest Stop, a small highway accommodation. with an area of approximately 5 acres or more. There are four rest areas on motorways on Motorway 7 and Motorway 9 and there are plans to open for service in total 18 rest areas. In some countries, such as Spain , rest areas are uncommon, as motorists are directed to establishments that serve both
6391-846: The symbols used. A name is usually given, generally that of a nearby town or village, such as " aire de Garonne ". The term "rest area" is not generally used in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The most common terms are motorway service areas (MSA), motorway service stations or simply "services". As with the rest of the world, these are places where drivers can leave a motorway to refuel, rest, or get refreshments. Most service stations accommodate fast food outlets, restaurants, book shops, general goods and min supermarkets such as Marks and Spencer , and coffee shops, such as Costa Coffee . Many service stations also incorporate hotels, such as Travelodge . Services may also be present on non-motorway roads, as well; many A-roads have services, albeit often less-developed compared to MSAs, and possibly only feature
6474-460: The traveling public and the local population. In other areas, access to a rest area is impossible other than from a motorway. The Dutch rest area, De Lucht , is fairly typical of many European rest areas, in that it has no access roads—other than from the motorway, itself. Raststätte ( de:Autobahnraststätte ) is the name for service areas on the German and Austrian Autobahn . They often include
6557-756: The use of the Wi-Fi brand to technologies based on the IEEE 802.11 standards from the IEEE. Manufacturers with membership in the Wi-Fi Alliance, whose products pass the certification process, gain the right to mark those products with the Wi-Fi logo. Specifically, the certification process requires conformance to the IEEE 802.11 radio standards, the WPA and WPA2 security standards, and the EAP authentication standard. Certification may optionally include tests of IEEE 802.11 draft standards, interaction with cellular-phone technology in converged devices, and features relating to security set-up, multimedia, and power-saving. Not every Wi-Fi device
6640-928: The winter after the snow gets deep. 44°31′37″N 92°11′25″W / 44.52681°N 92.19029°W / 44.52681; -92.19029 This Wisconsin museum-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rest area A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway , expressway , or highway , at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads. Other names include motorway service area (UK), services (UK), travel plaza , rest stop , oasis (US), service area , rest and service area ( RSA ), resto , service plaza , lay-by , and service centre (Canada). Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations , public toilets , water fountains, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for caravans / motorhomes. A rest area with limited to no public facilities
6723-626: The world. The UK has planned a similar project across major cities of the country, with the project's first implementation in the London Borough of Camden . Officials in South Korea's capital Seoul were moving to provide free Internet access at more than 10,000 locations around the city, including outdoor public spaces, major streets, and densely populated residential areas. Seoul was planning to grant leases to KT, LG Telecom, and SK Telecom. The companies were supposed to invest $ 44 million in
6806-468: Was branded as "Info Centre" and was intended as a welcome centre for Toronto. The Mississauga travel centre closed on September 30, 2006. Most of the original 1960s-era service centres on highways 400 and 401 were demolished in 2010, with new buildings constructed on the original sites and operated by HMSHost subsidiary Host Kilmer under the ONroute banner. The service centres in Ontario were originally of
6889-429: Was the first mass consumer product to offer Wi-Fi network connectivity, which was then branded by Apple as AirPort . This was in collaboration with the same group that helped create the standard: Vic Hayes , Bruce Tuch, Cees Links , Rich McGinn, and others from Lucent . In the year 2000, Radiata, a group of Australian scientists connected to the CSIRO, were the first to use the 802.11a standard on chips connected to
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