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27-509: Bishop Gisle of the Diocese of Linköping first built a bishop's farm with a limestone castle in 1149. After King Gustav Vasa carried out the Reformation in 1527, the estate was converted into a royal castle. In the 1570s, King John III of Sweden (1537–1592) had the castle re-designed by Dutch architect Arendt de Roy with a new three-storey wing along the southern ring wall, he also built on

54-744: A subdean , nine canons and fifteen other prebendaries; the Cistercians had three houses for men, the abbeys of Alvastra , the mother-house of the Cistercian Order in Sweden, in Östergötland and Nydala in Småland, both founded in 1143, and Gutvalla ( Roma ) in Gotland ; also four nunneries, Vreta Abbey (1160), Askaby, Byarum, dissolved about 1250 and the nuns transferred to Sko (in Upland) and Solberga Abbey (Gotland);

81-663: A division, and on 29 July 1243, the Bishopric of Prussia was divided into four dioceses: In 1243 the territorial possessions of the Teutonic Knights were divided into the Dioceses of Culm, Pomesania, Ermland, and Samland. under the archbishopric of Riga with Visby as mother city to Riga. Both cities joined the Hanseatic League . Christian received for his decades of apostolic labor the privilege to select for himself any one of

108-615: A pilgrimage in Jerusalem, Bengt Magnusson, who was killed at the Battle of Lihula in Estonia on 8 August 1220, and Benedict (1220–37). The last Catholic bishop of Linköping was Hans Brask (born 1464; bishop, 1513–27; died 30 July 1539). He was compelled to leave his diocese in 1527 owing to the adoption of Lutheranism in Sweden at the Diet of Västerås . Of the numerous provincial and diocesan synods held in

135-508: Is Marika Markovits . The diocesan territory comprises Östergötland County and parts of Jönköping and Kalmar County . It has 212 parishes with a total of 443,000 members. The diocese originally included Småland , Östergötland , the Islands of Gotland and Öland . The district of Värend in Småland was taken from Linköping and formed into the Diocese of Växjö about 1160. From 990 to 1100

162-810: The Brigittines , who had the great Abbey of Vadstena; the Dominicans, who possessed priories at Skenninge (1220?), Visby (1240) and Kalmar, as well as nunneries at Skenninge (1260) and Kalmar (1286). There were hospitals at Linköping, Visby (2), Söderköping (2) Skenninge (2), Kalmar (2), Norrabygd (Uknabäck) and on the Island of Öland . Most of these institutions were suppressed at the Reformation . Cardinal William of Sabina William of Modena ( c.  1184 – 31 March 1251), also known as William of Sabina , Guglielmo de Chartreaux , Guglielmo de Savoy , Guillelmus ,

189-560: The Church of Sweden administering the Östergötland County , the north eastern part of Jönköping County and the northern part of Kalmar County . It comprises nine deaneries subdivided into 176 parishes with a total of 443,000 members. The diocese's largest parish is Motala . The Diocese of Linköping has a rank directly below the Archdiocese of Uppsala of the Church of Sweden. The current bishop

216-589: The Diocese of Skara embraced the whole country of the Goths ( Gauthiod ); it was then divided between those of Skara and Linköping. The diocese was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bremen , and became a suffragan of the Diocese of Lund , when the latter was elevated to an archdiocese in 1104. The first three bishops of Linköping were Herbert, Richard and Gisle (c. 1138–48). Then came Stenar, who apparently resigned in 1160 and subsequently became Bishop of Vexiö. Notable bishops after him were Kol (c. 1160–96), who died on

243-496: The Church, or even assert the injustice of the Church, the legates were to propose that the decision should be left to a council of kings, prelates, and temporal princes. Frederick entered into an agreement with Innocent on 31 March 1244. He promised to yield to the demands of the Curia in all essential points, to restore the States of the Church, to release the prelates, and to grant amnesty to

270-510: The Diocese of Linköping, the Council of Skenninge (1248) was the most important. The papal legate , Cardinal William of Sabina , presided and the celibacy of the clergy was strongly enforced. The following religious institutions were set up in the diocese between the twelfth and the sixteenth centuries: the cathedral chapter , which consisted at the time of the Reformation of a dean, an archdeacon ,

297-928: The Holy Roman Church . Born in Piedmont and named bishop of Modena in May 1222, William was sent as Papal legate to resolve differences that resulted from the outcome of the Livonian Crusade in Livonia in 1225. The Prince Bishop Albert and the semi-monastic military Order, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword , the Teutonic crusaders and the Russians, all had claims, which were made more difficult by language barriers. William soon earned

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324-448: The Order, to form a Teutonic Order state , and one-third to the bishop; that, moreover, the bishop should have the right to exercise ecclesiastical functions in the territory belonging to the Order. William of Modena did not give up his plans of dividing Prussia into dioceses instead of empowering a vast territorial knightly order. He finally obtained from Pope Innocent IV permission to make

351-708: The Prussians," and the Knights of the Teutonic Order , to whom Christian and Duke Conrad of Masovia had pledged territorial properties. Before 1227, only Christian's own Cistercian order had assisted him in fortified eastern missions; but with the arrival of the Teutonic Knights, the Dominicans , who were favored by the order and by Pope Gregory IX , took a strong foothold in Prussia, while Christian and his Cistercians were thrown into

378-467: The allies of the pope. His insincerity became apparent when he secretly incited various tumults in Rome and refused to release the imprisoned prelates. Feeling himself hindered in his freedom of action on account of the emperor's military preponderance, and fearing for his personal safety, Innocent decided to flee Sutri in disguise for Civitavecchia and board a fleet provided by the sympathetic Genoese. During

405-458: The background. William of Modena, who had been appointed papal legate for Prussia, disregarded the rights of Christian, who had the misfortune to be captured by the pagan Prussians and held for ransom (1233–39), and proceeded in his absence to appoint another Bishop of Prussia. In 1236, Gregory IX, apparently giving up on Christian, empowered William of Modena to divide Prussia into three dioceses. The bishops for these new sees were, in accordance with

432-485: The confidence of all sides, arranging diplomatic compromises on boundaries, overlapping ecclesiastical and territorial jurisdictions, taxes, coinage, and other subjects, but he could not resolve the basic quarrel: who was to be master in Livonia. William sought to remove Estonia from contention by placing it directly under papal control, appointing his own vice-legate as governor, and by bringing in German knights as vassals. But

459-526: The crusaders in time or the archbishop ignored it. Even while William was negotiating in Livonia, the conflicts were brewing that would occupy him two decades later. In the Crusades to conquer and Christianize Prussia at swordpoint, William of Modena found himself required to mediate between the rival claims and conflicting programs of Christian , the evangelizing first Bishop of Prussia, who, if he had been more successful, would have been sainted, as an "Apostle to

486-404: The emperor at Melfi with instructions to ask him to release the prelates whom he had captured while on their way to a council that Gregory IX had intended to hold at Rome and challenge the emperor to make satisfaction for the injuries which he had inflicted upon the Church, which had caused Gregory IX to put him under the ban of excommunication . Should the emperor deny that he had done any wrong to

513-509: The four new episcopal sees, a choice he refused. In the meantime William had been at Rome. When Celestine IV died after a short reign of sixteen days, the excommunicated Hohenstaufen emperor, Frederick II , was in possession of the Papal States of the Church around Rome and attempted to intimidate the cardinals into electing a pope to his own liking. The cardinals fled to Anagni and cast their votes for Sinibaldo de' Fieschi, who ascended to

540-496: The papal throne as Innocent IV on 25 June 1243, after an interregnum of more than a year and a half. Innocent IV had previously been a friend of Frederick II. Immediately after the election the emperor sent messengers with congratulations and overtures of peace, which Innocent refused to receive. Two months later he sent emissaries including Peter de Colmieu , Archbishop of Rouen , William of Modena, who had resigned his episcopal office, and Abbot William of St. Facundus as legates to

567-405: The pope that the Teutonic Order refused baptism to those who desired it and oppressed the newly converted. More concrete charges concerned episcopal rights that they claimed and properties they refused to restore. The confrontation had not been settled when Gregory died (22 August 1241). Christian and the Teutonic Order then agreed that two thirds of the conquered territory in Prussia should belong to

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594-618: The situation in Stedingen , the Teutonic knights asked the Pope to intervene in order to avoid bloodshed. On 18 March 1234, in the letter Grandis et gravis , Gregory ordered his legate in Germany, William of Modena, to mediate the dispute between the Stedinger and the archbishop Gerhard II of Lippe . Since the conflict was not resolved before the spring campaign, either word of the pope's decision did not reach

621-474: The vice-legate subsequently turned the land over to the Brothers of the Sword. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia one of the greatest medieval narratives, was written probably as a report for him, giving him the history of the Church in Livonia up to his time. It relates how in 1226, in the stronghold of Tarwanpe , William of Modena successfully mediated peace between Germans, Danes and Estonians. Upon hearing of

648-451: The western nave with one floor. The whole castle was then white with red borders around doors and some windows. Under King Charles IX of Sweden (1550–1611), the castle was rebuilt into Renaissance style at the end of the 16th century. The castle has been the governor's residence for Östergötland County since 1785 and a state building monument since 1935. In 2000, Linköping Castle and Cathedral Museum ( Linköpings Slotts & Domkyrkomuseum )

675-483: The wish of the Teutonic Order, to be selected from the Dominican Order, while no provision whatsoever was made for the imprisoned Bishop Christian. Finally, in the winter of 1239–40, Christian obtained his liberty. He was obliged to give hostages whom he afterwards ransomed for a sum stated as no less than eight hundred marks, which was granted to him by Gregory. Immediately upon his liberation, Christian complained to

702-558: Was an Italian clergyman and papal diplomat. He was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX , especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. Eventually he resigned his see to devote himself to these diplomatic issues. On 28 May 1244 he was created Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina by Pope Innocent IV . For a short time (1219–1222) he served also as Vice-Chancellor of

729-399: Was inaugurated on three floors in the castle's north wing. 58°24′38″N 15°36′57″E  /  58.41056°N 15.61583°E  / 58.41056; 15.61583 This article about a castle in Sweden is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Diocese of Link%C3%B6ping The Diocese of Linköping ( Swedish : Linköpings stift ) is a diocese within

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