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77-505: Linda Louise, Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was an American photographer and musician. She was the keyboardist and harmony vocalist in the band Wings that also featured her husband, Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Beginning in the mid-1960s, Linda began a career as a photographer, landing with Town & Country , where she soon gained assignments to photograph various musicians and entertainers. By

154-736: A financial crisis he experienced in 1931, most of his collection (along with that of his friend Paul Éluard) was auctioned. He subsequently rebuilt the collection in his studio and home at 42 rue Fontaine. The collection grew to over 5,300 items: modern paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, books, art catalogs, journals, manuscripts, and works of popular and Oceanic art. French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss endorsed Breton's skill in authentication based on their time together in 1940s New York. After Breton's death on 28 September 1966, his third wife, Elisa, and his daughter, Aube, allowed students and researchers access to his archive and collection. After thirty-six years, when attempts to establish

231-577: A man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition ,

308-591: A collaboration with Soupault, he implemented the principle of automatic writing . With the publication of his Surrealist Manifesto in 1924 came the founding of the magazine La Révolution surréaliste and the Bureau of Surrealist Research . A group of writers became associated with him: Soupault, Louis Aragon , Paul Éluard , René Crevel , Michel Leiris , Benjamin Péret , Antonin Artaud , and Robert Desnos . Eager to combine

385-434: A collective collection of pamphlets against Breton, entitled (in allusion to an earlier title by Breton) Un Cadavre . The authors were members of the surrealist movement who were insulted by Breton or had otherwise opposed his leadership. The pamphlet criticized Breton's oversight and influence over the movement. It marked a divide amidst the early surrealists. Georges Limbour and Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes commented on

462-582: A face" and "if slaughterhouses had glass walls the whole world would be vegetarian." This shift led to the creation of cookbooks and a company. In 1989, she released her first vegetarian cookbook, Linda McCartney's Home Cooking (she credits author Peter Cox "for all of his help and research" on the copyright page). Next in 1991, Linda started her own company called Linda McCartney Foods , that served frozen vegetarian meals. According to Far Out Magazine , Linda McCartney Foods , "helped make it easier and more accessible for people to choose not to eat meat. At

539-718: A few yards from Calderstones House in Liverpool , Paul officially opened the Linda McCartney Children's Play Area in Calderstones Park , unveiling a plaque at the entrance and planting a Cypress Oak tree (Quercus fastigiata) nearby overlooking the play area. In January 2000, Paul made donations in excess of $ 2,000,000 for cancer research at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York and

616-586: A fish gasping for breath when you take it out of the water? They're saying, 'Thanks a lot for killing me. It feels great, you know.' No! It hurts!" After her death, PETA created the Linda McCartney Memorial Award. In 1984, McCartney was arrested in Barbados for possession of marijuana ; her husband had been arrested in 1975 in Los Angeles on the same charge. After flying to Heathrow Airport , she

693-461: A general strike: Lescot was toppled a few days later. Among the figures associated with both La Ruche and the instigation of the revolt were the painter and photographer Gérald Bloncourt and the writers René Depestre and Jacques Stephen Alexis . In subsequent interviews Breton downplayed his personal role in the unrest, stressing that "the misery, and thus, the patience of the Haitian people, were at

770-736: A hobby. On May 15, 1967, while on a photo assignment in London, Eastman met Paul McCartney at the Bag O'Nails club, where Georgie Fame was performing. They met again four days later at the launch party for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Brian Epstein 's house. When her assignment was completed, she flew back to New York City. They got together again the following May in New York, while McCartney and John Lennon were there to inaugurate Apple Records . A few months after he returned to London, McCartney invited Eastman to spend some time with him there. When she arrived, they went to his home, where they spent

847-577: A major figure in twentieth-century French art and literature. André Breton was the only son born to a family of modest means in Tinchebray ( Orne ) in Normandy , France. His father, Louis-Justin Breton, was a policeman and atheist , and his mother, Marguerite-Marie-Eugénie Le Gouguès, was a former seamstress. Breton attended medical school, where he developed a particular interest in mental illness . His education

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924-510: A particular chord with the audience, namely surrealism's faith in youth, Haiti's revolutionary heritage, and a quote from Jacques Roumain extolling the revolutionary potential of the Haitian masses. Breton returned to Paris in 1946, where he opposed French colonialism (for example as a signatory of the Manifesto of the 121 against the Algerian War ) and continued, until his death, to foster

1001-496: A real songwriter. In 1971 Northern Songs and Maclen Music filed a lawsuit alleging that Paul McCartney had violated an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating with Linda on the song "Another Day", which had the effect of transferring a 50% share of the publishing royalties to his own McCartney Music company. The lawsuit was "amicably settled", according to an ATV spokesman, in June 1972. The McCartneys shared an Oscar nomination for

1078-493: A second group of surrealists in the form of expositions or reviews ( La Brèche , 1961–65). In 1959, he organized an exhibit in Paris. By the end of World War II, André Breton decided to embrace anarchism explicitly. In 1952, Breton wrote "It was in the black mirror of anarchism that surrealism first recognised itself." Breton consistently supported the francophone Anarchist Federation and he continued to offer his solidarity after

1155-518: A songwriter and persuading him to continue writing and recording. After a few troubled months, Paul McCartney wrote " Maybe I'm Amazed " in Linda's honour. He explained during an interview that the song was written "for me and Linda", and that with the Beatles breaking up, "that was my feeling: Maybe I'm amazed at what's going on ... Maybe I'm a man and maybe you're the only woman who could ever help me; Baby won't you help me understand ... Maybe I'm amazed at

1232-457: Is André Breton at six years old! ' " He added that he found Linda's relationship with Heather a "very charming aspect of her life with this wonderful child". When the magazine received an invitation to photograph the Rolling Stones during a record promotion party on a yacht, Eastman immediately volunteered to represent the publication. The photo shoot marked a turning point in her life: I

1309-524: Is clear that my intention is not to recommend it to all merely by virtue of its simplicity; to quarrel with me on this subject is much like a bourgeois asking any non-conformist why he does not commit suicide, or asking a revolutionary why he hasn't moved to the USSR". In 1935, there was a conflict between Breton and the Soviet writer and journalist Ilya Ehrenburg during the first International Congress of Writers for

1386-416: Is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote

1463-495: The Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art (published under the names of Breton and Diego Rivera) calling for "complete freedom of art", which was becoming increasingly difficult with the world situation of the time. Breton was again in the medical corps of the French Army at the start of World War II . The Vichy government banned his writings as "the very negation of the national revolution " and Breton escaped, with

1540-638: The Lindner Company clothing store in Cleveland, Ohio . Her father, Lee Eastman (born Leopold Vail Epstein), was the son of Belarusian-Jewish immigrants Louis and Stella (Shkolnick) Epstein from Gomel . His sister Rose Frisch became a noted scientist who worked on women's fertility and population studies. Her father practiced entertainment law in New York and counted among his famous clients Harold Arlen , Tommy Dorsey , Willem de Kooning , Jack Lawrence , and Mark Rothko . At Eastman's request, Lawrence wrote

1617-518: The Pigalle district) became home to Breton's collection of more than 5,300 items: modern paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, books, art catalogs, journals, manuscripts, and works of popular and Oceanic art. Like his father, he was an atheist. Breton launched the review Littérature in 1919, with Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault . He also associated with Dadaist Tristan Tzara . In Les Champs Magnétiques ( The Magnetic Fields ),

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1694-732: The Platformists around founder and Secretary General Georges Fontenis transformed the FA into the Fédération communiste libertaire (FCL). Like a small number of intellectuals during the time of the Algerian War, he continued to support the FCL when it was forced to go underground, even providing shelter to Fontenis, who was in hiding. He refused to take sides in the politically divided French anarchist movement, even though both he and Péret expressed solidarity to

1771-460: The Second manifeste du surréalisme ( Second manifesto of surrealism ), which contained an oft-quoted declaration for which many, including Albert Camus , reproached Breton: "The simplest surrealist act consists, with revolvers in hand, of descending into the street and shooting at random, as much as possible, into the crowd". In reaction to the Second manifesto , writers and artists published in 1930

1848-518: The " Concert for Linda " tribute at the Royal Albert Hall , organized by two of their friends, Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane . Among the artists who performed, besides Paul, were George Michael , the Pretenders , Elvis Costello , Tom Jones , and Neil Finn . Paul closed the concert by dedicating the event to Linda, whom he called his "beautiful baby", and their children. On 19 July 1999, just

1925-417: The 1970 breakup of the Beatles , Paul and Linda recorded the album Ram together, and they formed the band Wings in 1971. She continued to play alongside Paul following Wings' breakup in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993. She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks. She founded the vegetarian Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband. In 1995, she

2002-711: The Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, where Linda received treatment. The donations, through the Garland Appeal, were made on the condition that no animals would be used for testing. Also in 2000, The Linda McCartney Centre, a cancer clinic, opened at The Royal Liverpool University Hospital . In November 2002, the Linda McCartney Kintyre Memorial Trust opened a memorial garden in Campbeltown near where

2079-690: The Beatles' breakup, until his death in 2022. A strong advocate of animal rights, Linda lent her support to many organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the Council for the Protection of Rural England , and Friends of the Earth . She was also a patron of the League Against Cruel Sports . She narrated a TV advertisement for PETA in which she said: "Have you ever seen

2156-734: The Congress. René Crevel, who according to Salvador Dalí was "the only serious communist among surrealists", was isolated from Breton and other surrealists, who were unhappy with Crevel because of his bisexuality and annoyed with communists in general. In 1938, Breton accepted a cultural commission from the French government to travel to Mexico . After a conference at the National Autonomous University of Mexico about surrealism, Breton stated after getting lost in Mexico City (as no one

2233-483: The Defense of Culture, which opened in Paris in June. Breton had been insulted by Ehrenburg — along with all fellow surrealists — in a pamphlet which said, among other things, that surrealists shunned work, favouring parasitism , and that they endorsed " onanism , pederasty , fetishism , exhibitionism , and even sodomy ". Breton slapped Ehrenburg several times on the street, which resulted in surrealists being expelled from

2310-654: The University of Arizona without graduating, and married Joseph Melville See Jr. (in June 1962). Their daughter Heather was born in December 1962. They divorced in 1965, and Linda resumed using her maiden name. Linda became a receptionist and editorial assistant for Town & Country magazine. In 1965, she became romantically involved with photographer David Dalton. She studied how he worked during photo shoots, how he set up shots and managed lighting and composition. When she began her own shoots, such as with music groups, he said he

2387-584: The artist Brian Clarke exhibited The Glass Wall (Dedicated to Linda McCartney) , a 1,012 square foot artwork in stained glass, at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York. Created by Clarke between 1997–98, a period in which he and McCartney exhibited their collaborations in photography and stained glass together at the Swiss National Museum of Glass Arts in Romont, the artwork—which takes as its motif

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2464-451: The artist's international status from the late 1940s on, but the surrealist readily admitted that his understanding of Hyppolite's art was inhibited by their lack of a common language. Returning to France with multiple paintings by Hyppolite, Breton integrated this artwork into the increased surrealist focus on the occult, myth, and magic. Breton's sojourn in Haiti coincided with the overthrow of

2541-581: The artists she photographed there were Todd Rundgren , Aretha Franklin , Grace Slick , Jimi Hendrix , Bob Dylan , Janis Joplin , Eric Clapton , Simon & Garfunkel , the Who , the Doors , the Animals , John Lennon , and Neil Young . Her photo of Young, taken in 1967, was used on the cover of Sugar Mountain – Live at Canterbury House 1968 in 2008. She photographed Clapton for Rolling Stone magazine and became

2618-557: The attorney and manager of her husband Paul McCartney . She preferred nature and animals while growing up and enjoyed going horseback riding as a child. After graduating from Vermont College, she attended the University of Arizona and majored in fine arts while taking up nature photography as a hobby. While she was studying there, her mother was killed in the 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Jamaica Bay, New York . She then left

2695-706: The best tribute: go veggie ". A memorial service was held at St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London, which was attended by George Harrison , Ringo Starr , Billy Joel , Elton John , David Gilmour , Peter Gabriel , and other celebrities among a congregation of 700. A memorial service was also held at Riverside Church in Manhattan two months after her death. Paul said at her funeral, "She was my girlfriend. I lost my girlfriend." McCartney left all of her property to Paul, including royalties from books and records and rights to her photos. He pledged to continue her line of vegetarian food and to keep it free from GMOs . In June 1998,

2772-492: The breaking point" at the time and stating that "it would be absurd to say that I alone incited the fall of the government". Michael Löwy has argued that the lectures that Breton gave during his time in Haiti resonated with the youth associated with La Ruche and the student movement, resulting in them "plac(ing) them as a banner on their journal" and "t(aking) hold of them as they would a weapon". Löwy has identified three themes in Breton's talks which he believes would have struck

2849-467: The bus down to Apple," said his maid, "and no one would recognize him." Linda's relaxed attitude about everyday things began to affect him in other ways. He recalls once feeling guilty because he was exhausted from work and, having trained himself to never appear tired, apologized to her. She simply replied, "it's allowed", which amazed him. "I remember thinking, Fucking hell! That was a mind-blower. I'd never been with anyone who thought like that ... it

2926-459: The country's president, Élie Lescot , by a radical protest movement. Breton's visit was warmly received by La Ruche , a youth journal of revolutionary art and politics, which in January 1946 published a talk given by Breton alongside a commentary which Breton described as having "an insurrectional tone". The issue concerned was suppressed by the government, sparking a student strike, and two days later,

3003-475: The couple had Mary (b. August 28, 1969), Stella (b. September 13, 1971), and James (b. September 12, 1977). They sometimes went to his farmhouse retreat in the west of Scotland which he had originally purchased to "escape Beatlemania ". They both liked and needed time away from the city, and were equally attracted to natural surroundings, writes biographer Barry Miles . "We'd just enjoy sitting out in nature", Paul said. The song " Two of Us " on Let it Be

3080-484: The evening. "He must have been really happy that night", said one of the fans who often loitered outside his home. "He sat on the windowsill with his acoustic guitar and sang ' Blackbird ' to us from his upstairs room." McCartney was attracted to Eastman for a number of reasons, which he explained later: "I liked her as a woman; she was good-looking with a good figure, so physically I was attracted to her." McCartney also liked her sense of independence: "Her mental attitude

3157-474: The extreme northeastern part of North America, and celebrates his new romance with Elisa. During his visit to Haiti in 1945–46, he sought to connect surrealist politics and automatist practices with the legacies of the Haitian Revolution and the ritual practices of Vodou possession. Recent developments in Haitian painting were central to his efforts, as can be seen from a comment that Breton left in

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3234-462: The family's Scottish farmhouse was located, with a bronze statue of her created by sculptor Jane Robbins, Paul's cousin. Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become

3311-553: The first woman to have a photograph on the cover (May 11, 1968). After she married McCartney, her photo of the two of them appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone on January 31, 1974, making her the only person to appear on the magazine's cover who was also the photographer. Her photographs were later exhibited in more than 50 galleries internationally, and at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A collection of photographs from that time, Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era ,

3388-699: The fleur-de-lys or lily, cited as Linda's favourite flower—was renamed in tribute to her after her death. The exhibition, of the same name, ran until September 1998, after which The Glass Wall was acquired by the Corning Museum of Glass , and installed as part of its permanent collection in Steuben . After her death, the Edinburgh International Film Festival premiered Wide Prairie , a six-minute cartoon fantasy film McCartney made with director Oscar Grillo. In April 1999, Paul McCartney performed at

3465-688: The help of the American Varian Fry and Hiram "Harry" Bingham IV , to the United States and the Caribbean during 1941. He emigrated to New York City and lived there for a few years. In 1942, Breton organized a groundbreaking surrealist exhibition at Yale University . In 1942, Breton collaborated with artist Wifredo Lam on the publication of Breton's poem "Fata Morgana", which was illustrated by Lam. Breton got to know Martinican writers Suzanne Césaire and Aimé Césaire , and later composed

3542-535: The hotels and limousines and the music business, so it was quite a relief. McCartney began writing more of his songs away from the studio. "I found that I was enjoying working alone", he said. He wrote the song " The Lovely Linda " for his debut solo album while they were staying in Scotland. In 1971, they recorded the album Ram . She became Lady McCartney when her husband was knighted in 1997. Her brother, entertainment lawyer John Eastman, had represented McCartney since

3619-662: The introduction to the 1947 edition of Aimé Césaire's Cahier d'un retour au pays natal . During his exile in New York City he met Elisa Bindhoff , the Chilean woman who would become his third wife. In 1944, he and Elisa traveled to the Gaspé Peninsula in Québec , where he wrote Arcane 17 , a book which expresses his fears of World War II, describes the marvels of the Percé Rock and

3696-570: The late 1960s, she was a regular fixture at the Fillmore East , a New York concert venue, where she became the unofficial house photographer capturing numerous performances at the legendary club, and was the first woman to have a photograph on the cover of the influential music magazine Rolling Stone . Her photographs were displayed in galleries and museums such as the Victoria and Albert Museum , and were collected in several books. Linda had been learning to play keyboards from her husband, and after

3773-554: The new Anarchist Federation rebuilt by a group of synthesist anarchists . He also worked with the FA in the Anti-Fascist Committees in the 1960s. André Breton died at the age of 70 in 1966, and was buried in the Cimetière des Batignolles in Paris. Breton was an avid collector of art, ethnographic material, and unusual trinkets. He was particularly interested in materials from the northwest coast of North America. During

3850-555: The person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of a person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née

3927-517: The photography of horses at college in Arizona under Hazel Larsen Archer and became an avid nature hobbyist, using a Leica camera . A few months after her Rolling Stones shoot, she was allowed backstage at Shea Stadium , where the Beatles performed. Eastman had gained some experience in celebrity photography and became an unofficial house photographer at Bill Graham 's Fillmore East concert hall. Among

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4004-511: The reggae-inspired single " Seaside Woman " was released by an obscure band called Suzy and the Red Stripes on Epic Records in the United States. Suzy and the Red Stripes were Wings, with Linda (who wrote the song) on lead vocals. The song, recorded by Wings in 1972, was written in response to allegations from Paul's publisher that Linda's co-writing credits were inauthentic and that she was not

4081-451: The sentence where shooting at random in the crowd is described as the simplest surrealist act. Limbour saw in it an example of buffoonery and shamelessness and Ribemont-Dessaignes called Breton a hypocrite, a cop and a priest. After the publication of this pamphlet against Breton, the Manifesto had a second edition, where Breton added in a note: "While I say that this act is the simplest, it

4158-549: The song " Linda " when she was one year old. It was recorded by Buddy Clark in 1947 and went to No. 2 on the Billboard Best Sellers chart, and was recorded again in 1963 by duo Jan and Dean . Eastman graduated from Scarsdale High School in 1959. She then attended Vermont College in Montpelier, Vermont , where she received an Associate of Arts in 1961. Her brother John, who studied law like their father, later became

4235-529: The song " Live and Let Die "; they were photographed together at the event in April 1974. Linda's album Wide Prairie , which included "Seaside Woman", was released posthumously in 1998. Along with eight other British composers, Paul contributed to the choral album A Garland for Linda , and he dedicated his classical album Ecce Cor Meum (1999) to Linda. When she and Paul decided to become vegetarians in 1975, Linda stated that she would no longer "eat anything with

4312-467: The term z domu (literally meaning "of the house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Andr%C3%A9 Breton Along with his role as leader of the surrealist movement he is the author of celebrated books such as Nadja and L'Amour fou . Those activities, combined with his critical and theoretical work on writing and the plastic arts, made André Breton

4389-522: The themes of personal transformation found in the works of Arthur Rimbaud with the politics of Karl Marx , Breton and others joined the French Communist Party in 1927, from which he was expelled in 1933. Nadja , a novel about his imaginative encounter with a woman who later becomes mentally ill, was published in 1928. Due to the economic depression , he had to sell his art collection and rebuilt it later. In December 1929, Breton published

4466-466: The time, options were extremely limited and Linda essentially made vegetarianism possible on a much larger scale. The brand is one of Britain's most established meat-free food products." However, in 1999, the H. J. Heinz Company acquired the company, and in 2007, the Hain Celestial Group bought it. Her next vegetarian cookbook, Linda's Kitchen: Simple and Inspiring Recipes for Meatless Meals ,

4543-521: The usual pampered, neglected, screwed-up rock-biz brats. If the public never quite warmed to Linda, thanks mainly to her militant vegetarianism and animal-rights activism, she was acknowledged to have been the right one for him, just as Yoko had been for John. —Biographer Philip Norman During their 29-year marriage, the McCartneys had four children: she brought her daughter Heather (whom Paul later formally adopted) from her first marriage, and together

4620-720: The visitors' book at the Centre d'Art in Port-au-Prince : "Haitian painting will drink the blood of the phoenix. And, with the epaulets of [Jean-Jacques] Dessalines , it will ventilate the world." Breton was specifically referring to the work of painter and Vodou priest Hector Hyppolite , whom he identified as the first artist to directly depict Vodou scenes and the lwa (Vodou deities), as opposed to hiding them in chromolithographs of Catholic saints or invoking them through impermanent vevé (abstracted forms drawn with powder during rituals). Breton's writings on Hyppolite were undeniably central to

4697-468: The way the press treated Linda: "She got the same kind of insults, hatred, absolute garbage thrown at her for no reason whatsoever other than she fell in love with Paul McCartney." In late 1969, Paul fell into a deep depression due to the Beatles' pending breakup after John Lennon's departure. He spent days in bed and drank excessively, wondering what to do with his life. McCartney later said that Linda helped him pull out of that crisis by praising his work as

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4774-430: The way you pulled me out of time, hung me on the line, Maybe I'm amazed at the way I really need you." He added that "every love song I write is for Linda." His marriage to Linda, viewed as such a disastrous misstep at the time, became by far the happiest and most durable in pop. Despite the immensity of his fame and wealth, the couple managed to lead a relatively normal domestic life and prevent their children from becoming

4851-417: Was "astonished" at how easily she could take control of unruly or uncooperative musicians. He said that shooting rock groups was "a bloody pain in the neck. But with the lovely Linda, all this changed ... Now their eyes were pinned on her." Dalton was also impressed by the intelligence of Eastman's daughter. "Linda and I would get high and Heather would say the most amazing things ... I'd think, 'This

4928-926: Was an artist," Paul said, "and was not cut out to be an academic." Linda's daughter, Heather, created another strong bond between them, since he had always liked and wanted children of his own. When McCartney first met Heather, who was nearly six, he insisted that she and Linda move to London to live with him. After they did, he devoted time to Heather, playing with her, reading her stories, and drawing cartoons with her. He sang her to sleep at bedtime. Biographer Philip Norman observed that Linda had some personality aspects which Paul admired. She seemed less concerned with clothing or her public appearance, preferring to dress casually, even in semi-formal settings. She typically held his arm when they were together, often "gazing up at him in awe", and seeming to idolize him. Paul's friends said that he began to be less formal, whether shaving less often or just wearing simpler clothes. "He could go on

5005-419: Was arrested on charges of possession. She later said that, while hard drugs were "disgusting", marijuana was "pretty lightweight". McCartney was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995, and her condition worsened when the cancer metastasized to her liver . Paul was aware of the prognosis and later said, "The doctors had told me privately that we'd caught it too late, that she'll have about 18 months. And that

5082-505: Was born on December 31, 1962. The couple had dissimilar lifestyles, became increasingly unhappy, and divorced in June 1965. He was an academic who spent much of his time studying and doing research, while she preferred a home life. She loved the wide open spaces in Arizona and enjoyed riding horses through the desert landscape. The settings, with saguaro cacti , reminded her of scenery from western films, which inspired her to take up photography as

5159-420: Was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease three years later at the age of 56. Linda McCartney was born Linda Louise Eastman in Manhattan, New York , on September 24, 1941. She had one older brother named John, and two younger sisters named Laura and Louise Jr. Her mother, Louise Sara Eastman (née Lindner), was from a German-Jewish family. Her maternal grandfather was Max J. Lindner, founder of

5236-824: Was interrupted when he was conscripted for World War I . During World War I , he worked in a neurological ward in Nantes , where he met the Alfred Jarry devotee Jacques Vaché , whose anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic tradition influenced Breton considerably. Vaché committed suicide when aged 23, and his war-time letters to Breton and others were published in a volume entitled Lettres de guerre (1919), for which Breton wrote four introductory essays. Breton married his first wife, Simone Kahn, on 15 September 1921. The couple relocated to rue Fontaine No. 42 in Paris on 1 January 1922. The apartment on rue Fontaine (in

5313-419: Was patently clear that it was allowed to be tired." They were married in a small civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall on March 12, 1969. British fans reacted negatively, partly because his marriage ended McCartney's status as the last unattached Beatle. John Lennon married Yoko Ono a week later, and both women were perceived by fans as reasons for the group's breakup. Lennon at one point publicly criticized

5390-457: Was published in 1992. She also took the photograph for the cover of Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson 's single " The Girl Is Mine ". After the Beatles broke up in 1970, Paul taught Linda to play keyboards and recorded an album with her, Ram , as a duo. The couple formed the band Wings . They garnered several Grammy Awards , becoming one of the most successful British bands of the 1970s, but had to endure gibes about Linda's singing. In 1977

5467-405: Was published in 1995, and was nominated for a James Beard Foundation Award in the Vegetarian Books category in 1996. In 2021, Paul, Stella, and Mary McCartney updated and veganized a number of Linda's vegetarian recipes, and released them as the vegan cookbook, Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen . Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen was nominated for an IVFF award in 2021. Eastman's first marriage

5544-485: Was quite rebellious ... [growing up] she was the kind of kid who would hang out in the kitchen with the black maids" to learn cooking. She disliked socializing. They both liked natural surroundings, he said, and they shared a love of nature, which became one of their most important emotional links. He knew that because of her "very free spirit", she was considered a rebel and a black sheep by her family for avoiding excelling in education, unlike her father and brother. "She

5621-419: Was the only photographer they allowed on the yacht. I just kept clicking away with the camera, and they enjoyed it and I enjoyed it, and suddenly I found that taking pictures was a great way to live and a great way to work. Eastman's father wanted her to undertake formal training with a professional photographer. "Well, I never had the patience for that", she said. "I had to trust my feelings." But she had studied

5698-487: Was to Joseph Melville See Jr. (April 19, 1938 – March 19, 2000), whom she met in college. He earned a geology degree from Princeton and pursued graduate studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Eastman followed him there, where she enrolled at the university to study art history. While she was there her mother was killed in the 1 March 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 over Jamaica Bay, New York. She married See on June 18, 1962, and their daughter Heather Louise

5775-447: Was waiting for him at the airport) "I don't know why I came here. Mexico is the most surrealist country in the world." However, visiting Mexico provided the opportunity to meet Leon Trotsky . Breton and other surrealists traveled via a long boat ride from Patzcuaro to the town of Erongarícuaro . Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo were among the visitors to the hidden community of intellectuals and artists. Together, Breton and Trotsky wrote

5852-571: Was what she had." She died from the disease at the age of 56 on April 17, 1998, at the McCartney family ranch in Tucson, Arizona . Her family was with her when she died. McCartney was cremated in Tucson, and her ashes were scattered at the McCartney family's English farm in Sussex . Paul later suggested that fans remember her by donating to breast cancer research charities that did not support animal testing , "or

5929-438: Was written by Paul during one of their country drives. "This song was about that: doing nothing, trying to get lost ... [and] the wonderfully free attitude we were able to have." Linda recalled the setting: Scotland was like nothing I'd ever lived in. It was the most beautiful land you have ever seen, way at the end of nowhere. To me it was the first feeling I'd ever had of civilization dropped away ... so different from all

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