105-414: Linda Lovelace (born Linda Susan Boreman ; January 10, 1949 – April 22, 2002) was an American pornographic actress who became famous for her performance in the 1972 hardcore film Deep Throat , which was an enormous success. She later alleged that her abusive husband, Chuck Traynor , had threatened and coerced her into participation. In her autobiography Ordeal , she described what took place behind
210-422: A jargon called slanguage or Varietyese (a form of headlinese ) that refers especially to the movie industry, and has largely been adopted and imitated by other writers in the industry. The language initially reflected that spoken by the actors during the early days of the newspaper. Such terms as "boffo", "payola", and "striptease" are attributed to the magazine. In 1934, founder Sime Silverman headed
315-407: A sexual fantasy ; the actors selected for a particular role are primarily selected on their ability to create or fit that fantasy. Pornographic videos are characterized as either softcore , which does not contain depictions of sexual penetration or extreme fetishism , and hardcore , which can contain depictions of penetration or extreme fetishism, or both. The genres and sexual intensity of videos
420-740: A 31-story office building on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile area. The building was dubbed the Variety Building because a red, illuminated " Variety " sign graced the top of it. In 2013, PMC, the parent company of Variety , announced plans to move Variety's offices to their new corporate headquarters at 11175 Santa Monica Blvd. in Westwood. There, Variety shares the 9-story building with parent company PMC, Variety Intelligence Platform, and PMC's other media brands, including Deadline.com , Rolling Stone , Vibe , Billboard , Robb Report and
525-813: A Las Vegas production of My Daughter's Rated X , but the show closed early and her acting performance was criticized. In her suit to divorce Traynor, she alleged that he forced her into pornography at gunpoint and that in Deep Throat bruises from his beatings can be seen on her legs. She alleged that her husband "would force her to do these things by pointing a rifle at her head." Boreman said in her autobiography that her marriage had been plagued by violence, rape , forced prostitution and private pornography. She wrote in Ordeal : When in response to his suggestions I let him know I would not become involved in prostitution in any way and told him I intended to leave, [Traynor] beat me and
630-424: A busy and sometimes pressuring film set, maintain that erection while performing on camera, and then ejaculate on cue. However, the majority of on-screen ejaculations, semen , and "money shots" are artificial. In the past, an actor's inability to maintain an erection or being subject to premature ejaculation could make the difference between a film turning a profit or a loss. If an actor loses his erection, filming
735-439: A cross-country bus route mapped out in the shape of a penis. However, her career as an actress failed to flourish, and her film appearances add up to five hours of screen time. In her 1980 autobiography Ordeal , Lovelace maintained that those films used leftover footage from Deep Throat; however, she frequently contradicted this statement. She also posed for Playboy , Bachelor , and Esquire between 1973 and 1974. During
840-407: A film producer, believed to be George Kleine , that they were wasting space criticizing moving pictures and others had suggested that favorable reviews brought too strong a demand for certain pictures to the exclusion of others. Despite the gap, Variety is still the longest unbroken source of film criticism in existence. In 1930 Variety also started publishing a summary of miniature reviews for
945-403: A fragmented personality in the aftermath of alleged abuse. Eric Danville, a journalist who covered the porn industry for nearly 20 years and wrote The Complete Linda Lovelace in 2001, said Boreman never changed her version of events that had occurred 30 years earlier with Traynor. When Danville told Boreman of his book proposal, he said she was overcome with emotion and saddened he had uncovered
1050-751: A fresh face any more. Her price slips and she stops getting phone calls. Then it's, 'Okay, will you do anal? Will you do gangbangs ?' Then they're used up. They can't even get a phone call. The market forces of this industry use them up. Some performers note that "a performer's pleasure is not of primary importance" and that "porn sex is not the same as private sex". According to a study investigating health risks for industry performers, female performers experience significantly higher risk within their job role than male performers. The study reported: Performers engaged in risky health behaviors that included high-risk sexual acts that are unprotected, substance abuse, and body enhancement. They are exposed to physical trauma on
1155-455: A largely unflattering picture of Marchiano, claiming he drank to excess, verbally abused their children, and was occasionally violent with her. They divorced in 1996 but remained on good terms and were in contact until the end of her life. With the publication of Ordeal in 1980, Boreman joined the anti-pornography movement . At a press conference announcing Ordeal , she leveled many of the above-noted accusations against Traynor in public for
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#17328690978711260-703: A letter to Facebook saying that their Instagram accounts were closed unfairly. Many say that they are being held to a different standard than mainstream celebrities. More than 1,300 performers claimed that their accounts have been deleted by Instagram's content moderators for violations of the site's community standards, despite not showing any nudity or sex. They claim that famous celebrities are allowed to be much more explicit on their accounts than porn stars or sex workers without getting sanctioned. Over 100 platforms, including banks, payment processors, social media websites and hotels have been accused of discriminating against sex workers. Variety (magazine) Variety
1365-427: A limited release in 2013, but ultimately, despite drawing many positive reviews, it was a box-office failure. The other, titled Inferno: A Linda Lovelace Story , starring Malin Åkerman , was to be directed by Matthew Wilder and produced by Chris Hanley and was scheduled to begin filming in early 2011. Due to a lack of financing it never went into production. Tina Yothers , who was a child actress on Family Ties ,
1470-555: A list in Time magazine of the "ten modern Americans who have done most to keep American jargon alive". According to The Boston Globe , the Oxford English Dictionary cites Variety as the earliest source for about two dozen terms, including "show biz" (1945). In 2005, Welcome Books published The Hollywood Dictionary by Timothy M. Gray and J. C. Suares, which defines nearly 200 of these terms. One of its popular headlines
1575-695: A regulated set since 2004. Exceptional performance of pornographic actors and actresses is recognized in the AVN Awards , XRCO Awards and XBIZ Awards . The AVN Awards are film awards sponsored and presented by the American adult video industry trade magazine AVN ( Adult Video News ). They are called the " Oscars of porn". The AVN Awards are divided into nearly 100 categories, some of which are analogous to industry awards offered in other film and video genres, and others that are specific to pornographic / erotic film and video. The XRCO Awards are given by
1680-418: A review by Silverman's son Sidne , also known as Skigie (based on the childish lisping of his name) who was claimed to be the youngest critic in the world at seven years old. In 1922, Silverman acquired The New York Clipper which had been reporting on the stage and other entertainment since 1853, in an attempt to attract advertising revenue away from Billboard , following a dispute with William Donaldson,
1785-580: A review in the New York Times . It played several times daily for over ten years at theaters in the Pussycat Theater chain, where Boreman did promotions, including leaving her hand and footprints in the concrete sidewalk outside the Hollywood Pussycat. The movie later became one of the first, and highest-grossing, X-rated videotape releases. Deep Throat grossed over $ 600 million, however Boreman
1890-419: A scene, or $ 100 to $ 200 if he's new." According to producer Seymore Butts in 2007, who runs his own sex-film recruitment agency as well as producing sex films, "depending on draw, female performers who perform in both straight and lesbian porn earn more than those who do just heterosexual scenes [and] usually make about US$ 200–800 while those who only do oral sex (blow job) usually only make about US$ 100–300 for
1995-443: A small town on Long Island . Boreman was then going through the liver transplant that her injuries from the automobile accident had necessitated, owing to the poorly screened blood she received in the transfusions. For a while, marriage and particularly motherhood brought her some stability and happiness. However, Marchiano's business went bankrupt in 1990, and the family moved to Colorado . In The Other Hollywood , Boreman painted
2100-653: A year for hepatitis , syphilis and HSV . AIM closed all its operations in May 2011. Since 2011, STI testing for pornographic performers is being monitored by Free Speech Coalition , which set up the Adult Production Health and Safety Services (APHSS) system, now known as Performer Availability Screening Services (PASS). Performers are tested every fourteen days for HIV , syphilis , gonorrhea , chlamydia , hepatitis B and C and trichomoniasis . According to PASS, there has not been an on-set transmission of HIV on
2205-614: Is an American trade magazine owned by Penske Media Corporation . It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville . In 1933, Daily Variety was launched, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry . Variety 's website features entertainment news, reviews, box office results, plus a credits database, production charts and film calendar. Variety has been published since December 16, 1905, when it
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#17328690978712310-446: Is forced to stop. This problem has been addressed with the use of Viagra , although Viagra can make the actor's face noticeably flushed, give him a headache, make it difficult to ejaculate, and can take about 45 minutes to take effect. According to director John Stagliano , using Viagra means "You also lose a dimension. The guy's fucking without being aroused." Ron Jeremy , John Holmes , and Rocco Siffredi are considered by AVN as
2415-494: Is mainly determined by demand. Depending on the genre of the film, the on-screen appearance, age, and physical features of the actors and their ability to create the sexual mood of the video is of critical importance. Most actors specialize in certain genres, such as straight , bisexual , gay , lesbian , bondage , strap-on , anal , double penetration , semen swallowing , teenage, orgy , age roleplay , fauxcest , interracial or MILFs and more. The pornography industry in
2520-402: Is not necessarily unethical or degrading. According to Lynn Comella, a women's studies professor at UNLV , presenting demeaning practices as representative of the entire porn industry is "akin to talking about Hollywood while only referencing Spaghetti Westerns ". A 2012 study titled, "Why Become a Pornography Actress?" analyzed female performers in pornography, and their reasons for choosing
2625-532: Is the chick on the boxcover. She has the power. So she'll show up late or not at all. 99.9% of them do that. Less desirable actresses are more likely to agree to perform more extreme and high-risk sexual acts such as " double-anal " in order to get work. According to Morgan: Some girls are used up in nine months or a year. An 18-year-old, sweet young thing, signs with an agency, makes five films in her first week. Five directors, five actors, five times five: she gets phone calls. A hundred movies in four months. She's not
2730-470: The Journal of Sex Research found in a survey that the majority of male pornography consumers disliked seeing "acts that were more clearly unpleasant/painful for female performers, such as forced gagging or forceful anal penetration." The study concluded that despite the oversaturation of extreme and kinky content in the industry, most consumers are not interested in kinky, fetish or degrading pornography. While
2835-751: The 1906 San Francisco earthquake , through Arab Spring in 2012, and argues that the entertainment industry needs to stay aware of changes in politics and tastes since those changes will affect their audiences. In a foreword to the book, Martin Scorsese calls Variety "the single most formidable trade publication ever" and says that the book's content "makes you feel not only like a witness to history, but part of it too." In 2013, Variety staffers tallied more than 200 uses of weekly or Daily Variety in TV shows and films, ranging from I Love Lucy to Entourage . In 2016, Variety endorsed Hillary Clinton for President of
2940-438: The 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Variety 's largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October 2012, Jay Penske , chairman and CEO of PMC, announced that the website's paywall would come down, the print publication would stay, and he would invest more into Variety ' s digital platform in a townhall . In March 2013, owner Penske appointed three co-editors to oversee different parts of
3045-628: The Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times . Syd remained as publisher until 1990 when he was succeeded on Weekly Variety by Gerard A. Byrne and on Daily Variety by Sime Silverman's great-grandson, Michael Silverman. Syd became chairman of both publications. In April 2009, Bart moved to the position of "vice president and editorial director", characterized online as "Boffo No More: Bart Up and Out at Variety ". From mid-2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw
3150-612: The Variety Movie Guide containing a collection of 5,000 abridged reviews edited by Derek Elley . The last edition was published in 2001 with 8,500 reviews. Many of the abridged reviews for films prior to 1998 are published on Variety.com unless they have later posted the original review. The complete text of approximately 100,000 entertainment-related obituaries (1905–1986) was reprinted as Variety Obituaries , an 11-volume set, including alphabetical index. Four additional bi-annual reprints were published (for 1987–1994) before
3255-512: The Weekly on U.S. and international coverage. Silverman passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1933. He remained as publisher until his death later that year, soon after launching Daily Variety . Silverman's son Sidne succeeded him as publisher of both publications but upon contracting tuberculosis in 1936 he could no longer take a day-to-day role at
Linda Lovelace - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-636: The X-Rated Critics Organization annually. The Venus Awards are presented each year in Berlin as part of the Venus Berlin trade fair . With some notable or occasional exceptions, pornographic actors are not generally reported on by mainstream media . As a result, specialized publications (or trade journals ) emerged to serve as a source of information about the industry, its business dealings, trends and forecasts, as well as its personnel. Two of
3465-412: The 1970s started to contain republication of the film reviews published during the year. Older back issues of Variety are available on microfilm . In 2010, Variety.com allowed access to digitized versions of all issues of Variety and Daily Variety with a subscription. Certain articles and reviews prior to 1998 have been republished on Variety.com . The Media History Digital Library has scans of
3570-539: The 1972 feature Deep Throat . The film grossed millions of dollars worldwide, a success that was echoed by similar stars and productions such as Marilyn Chambers ( Behind the Green Door ), Gloria Leonard ( The Opening of Misty Beethoven ), Georgina Spelvin ( The Devil in Miss Jones ), and Bambi Woods ( Debbie Does Dallas ). The period from the early 1970s through the late 1970s or early 1980s has been called
3675-502: The 1986 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography , also called the "Meese Commission", in New York City, stating, "When you see the movie Deep Throat , you are watching me being raped. It is a crime that movie is still showing; there was a gun to my head the entire time." Following Boreman's testimony for the Meese Commission, she gave lectures on college campuses, decrying what she described as callous and exploitative practices in
3780-668: The Baptist ( Yonkers, New York ) and Maria Regina High School . Linda was nicknamed "Miss Holy Holy" in high school because she kept her dates at a safe distance to avoid sexual activity. When Boreman was 16, her family moved to Davie, Florida , after her father retired from the New York City Police Department. At the age of 20, she gave birth to her first child born out of wedlock, whom her mother tricked her into putting up for adoption. Shortly afterwards, she returned to New York City to live and go to computer school. There, she
3885-448: The French productions. Performers in these early productions were usually uncredited or used pseudonyms to avoid legal sanction and social disapprobation. The use of pseudonyms was the norm in the industry; pornographic film actors maintained a low profile, using pseudonyms to maintain a level of anonymity, while others performed uncredited. The use of pseudonyms has remained a tradition in
3990-749: The Golden Age of Porn , when erotic films were produced in the United States with narratives, backed by movie-style promotional budgets, and were shown in public theaters and accepted (or at least tolerated) for public consumption. Performers in these productions became celebrities including Peter Berlin , John Holmes , Ginger Lynn Allen , Porsche Lynn , Desireé Cousteau , Juliet Anderson (Aunt Peg), Lisa De Leeuw , Veronica Hart , Nina Hartley , Harry Reems , Seka , Annette Haven and Amber Lynn . Meanwhile, in Europe, many pornographic actresses and actors come from
4095-562: The Hollywood-based Daily Variety in 1933 with Arthur Ungar as the editor. It replaced the Variety Bulletin issued in Hollywood on Fridays as a four-page wraparound to the Weekly . Daily Variety was initially published every day other than Sunday but mostly on Monday to Friday. The Daily and the Weekly were initially run as virtually independent newspapers, with the Daily concentrating mostly on Hollywood news and
4200-431: The United States was the first to develop its own movie star system, primarily for commercial reasons. In other countries, the "star" system is not common, with most actors being amateurs. Most performers use a pseudonym and strive to maintain off-screen anonymity. A number of pornographic actors and actresses have written autobiographies. It is very rare for pornographic actors and actresses to successfully cross over to
4305-731: The United States , marking the first time the publication endorsed a candidate for elected office in its 111-year history. Variety 's first offices were in the Knickerbocker Theatre located at 1396 Broadway on 38th and Broadway in New York. Later it moved to 1536 Broadway at the 45th and Broadway corner until Loew's acquired the site to build the Loew's State Theatre . In 1909, Variety set up its first overseas office in London. In 1920, Sime Silverman purchased an old brownstone building around
Linda Lovelace - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-586: The United States. As of 2011 , it was reported that roughly 1,200–1,500 performers were working in California's " Porn Valley ". Production of risqué films commenced with the start of photography. "Moving pictures" that featured nudity were popular in " penny arcades " of the early 1900s which had hand-cranked films and stereoscope glasses, as well as vitascope theaters. These attractions featured topless women, full frontal nudity, and sexual coupling. Production of erotic films commenced almost immediately after
4515-502: The West Coast offices of WWD and Footwear News . On January 19, 1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. Two reviews written by Sime Silverman were published: Pathe 's comedy short An Exciting Honeymoon and Edison Studios ' western short The Life of a Cowboy directed by Edwin S. Porter . Variety discontinued reviews of films between March 1911 until January 1913 as they were convinced by
4620-449: The archive of Variety from 1905 to 1963 available online. The first issue of Variety sold 320 copies in 1905. Paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2023 was 85,300. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with an estimated total readership of 255,900. Variety.com has 32 million unique monthly visitors. For much of its existence, Variety 's writers and columnists have used
4725-468: The beginning of January, normally with a review of the year and other charts and data, including, from 1938 onwards, lists of the top performing films of the year and, from 1949, the annually updated all-time rental chart. The editions also contained many advertisements from show business personalities and companies. The 100th anniversary edition was published in October 2005 listing Variety 's icons of
4830-516: The bestiality film, which she had initially denied making and later maintained she had been forced to star in at gunpoint. Boreman maintained that she received no money for Deep Throat and that the $ 1,250 payment for her appearance was taken by Traynor. In 1976, Boreman married Larry Marchiano, a cable installer who later owned a drywall business. They had two children, Dominic (born 1977) and Lindsay (born 1980). They lived in Center Moriches ,
4935-422: The century. Along with the large anniversary editions, Variety also published special editions containing lots of additional information, charts and data (and advertising) for three film festivals: Cannes Film Festival , MIFED Film Market, and American Film Market Daily Variety also published an anniversary issue each October. This regularly contained a day-by-day review of the year in show business and in
5040-502: The company as publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood. Thomas M. Pryor, former Hollywood bureau chief of The New York Times , became editor of Daily Variety in 1959. Under Pryor, Daily Variety expanded from 8 pages to 32 pages and also saw circulation increase from 8,000 to 22,000. Green remained editor of Variety until he died in 1973, with Syd taking over. In 1987, Variety
5145-471: The constant mental abuse began. I literally became a prisoner, I was not allowed out of his sight, not even to use the bathroom, where he watched me through a hole in the door. He slept on top of me at night, he listened to my telephone calls with a .45 automatic eight shot pointed at me. I suffered mental abuse each and every day thereafter. He undermined my ties with other people and forced me to marry him on advice from his lawyer. My initiation into prostitution
5250-489: The corner at 154 West 46th Street in New York, which became the Variety headquarters until 1987, when the publication was purchased. Under the new management of Cahners Publishing, the New York headquarters of the Weekly Variety was relocated to the corner of 32nd Street and Park Avenue South. Five years later, it was downgraded to a section of one floor in a building housing other Cahner's publications on West 18th Street, until
5355-504: The direction of self-proclaimed "Real Estalker" Mark David, which later expanded to its own stand-alone site in 2019. October 2014 Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trade's television coverage. In June 2014, Penske Media Corporation entered into an agreement with Reuters to syndicate news from Variety and Variety Latino-Powered by Univision to distribute leading entertainment news to
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#17328690978715460-465: The documentary Inside Deep Throat , stated that Traynor was a sadist and was disliked by the Deep Throat 2 cast. Andrea Dworkin stated that the results of polygraph tests administered to Boreman support her assertions. Moreover, psychiatrist Judith Lewis Herman notes that many details in Lovelace's memoir Ordeal are consistent with a diagnosis of Complex PTSD , such as Lovelace's description of
5565-439: The female performers is of primary importance. They are typically younger in age than their male counterparts, in their teens, 20s, and 30s. There is a preference in the industry for thinness and large-breasted actresses; some film studios encourage their actresses to have breast implants , and offer to pay for the procedure. According to actor-turned-director Jonathan Morgan : The girls could be graded like A, B and C. The A
5670-405: The film set. Many entered and left the industry with financial insecurity and suffered from mental health problems. Women were more likely than men to be exposed to health risks. Adult film performers, especially women, are exposed to health risks that accumulate over time and that are not limited to sexually transmitted diseases. Furthermore, there is a contrary opinion stating that porn production
5775-515: The films reviewed that week and in 1951 the editors decided to position the capsules on top of the reviews, a tradition retained today. Writing reviews was a side job for Variety staff, most of whom were hired to be reporters and not film or theatre critics. Many of the publication's reviewers identified their work with four-letter pen names ("sigs") rather than with their full names. The practice stopped in August 1991. Those abbreviated names include
5880-601: The first time, during which he asserted that Boreman was a willing participant and that no coercion took place. Porn star Eric Edwards , who was present for the shoot, has similarly claimed there was no obvious coercion going on and that Boreman appeared to be a cooperative performer. In 1971, Boreman also starred in the golden shower film titled Piss Orgy . In 1972, Boreman starred in Deep Throat , in which she performed deep-throating . The film achieved surprising and unprecedented popularity among mainstream audiences and even
5985-432: The first time. She was joined by supporters Andrea Dworkin , Catharine MacKinnon , Gloria Steinem , and members of Women Against Pornography . Boreman spoke out against pornography, stating that she had been abused and coerced. She spoke before feminist groups, at colleges, and at government hearings on pornography. In 1986, Boreman published Out of Bondage , a memoir focusing on her life after 1974. She testified before
6090-508: The following: Variety is one of the three English-language periodicals with 10,000 or more film reviews reprinted in book form. These are contained in the 24-volume Variety Film Reviews (1907–1996). Film reviews continue to be published in Variety . The other two periodicals are The New York Times (as The New York Times Film Reviews (1913–2000) in 22 volumes) and Harrison's Reports (as Harrison's Reports and Film Reviews (1919–1962) in 15 volumes). In 1992, Variety published
6195-521: The following: Porn actors have spoken out about discrimination they face due to their work, including being denied banking services and being fired from other jobs. Lana Rhoades and others faced difficulty when renting or buying a home. On numerous occasions, banks closed or refused to open the accounts of porn actors. Chanel Preston was among those whose bank account was closed due to her profession. Porn actors also face discrimination from social media websites. Around 200 performers and models signed
6300-399: The front. The old front-page box advertisement was replaced by a strip advertisement, along with the first photos published in Variety since Sime gave up using them in the old format in 1920: they depicted Sime, Abel, and Syd. For 20 years from 1989, Variety ' s editor-in-chief was Peter Bart , originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman (Syd's son) running
6405-614: The general public; the Los Angeles Times reported that Jesse Jane was paid between $ 5,000 to $ 10,000 for one appearance by a Chicago club. In the 1980s, there was an outbreak of HIV/AIDS in the pornographic film industry which caused many deaths. This led to the creation of the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation (AIM) in 1998, which voluntarily tested the pornographic performers for HIV , chlamydia and gonorrhea every 30 days; and twice
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#17328690978716510-537: The industry (20%). According to a 2013 study in the Journal of Sex Research , female porn performers were reported to have engaged in sexual activity at a younger age, utilized several drugs, identify as bisexual, had more sexual partners, and have better enjoyment of sex compared to their non-porn peers. They were also found to have a good quality of life, social support systems, sexual fulfillment, spirituality, and equal or better levels of self-esteem compared to their non-porn counterparts. A 2018 review published in
6615-494: The industry, and actors would perform under a number of pseudonyms, depending on the genre of film, or changed a pseudonym when the previous one ceased to be a draw card. Casey Donovan starred in the first mainstream pornographic hit, Boys in the Sand , in 1971. However, arguably the first pornstar to become a household name was Linda Lovelace (the pseudonym of Linda Susan Boreman) from New York City , United States, who starred in
6720-639: The international news agency's global readership. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, and data-focused products. In July 2015, Variety was awarded a Los Angeles Area Emmy Award by the Television Academy in the Best Entertainment Program category for Variety Studio: Actors on Actors , a series of one-hour specials that take viewers inside Hollywood films and television programs through conversations with acclaimed actors. A second Los Angeles Area Emmy Award
6825-587: The invention of the motion picture. The first erotic film was the seven-minute 1896 film Le Coucher de la Mariée directed by Frenchman Albert Kirchner (under the name "Léar") which had Louise Willy performing a bathroom striptease . Other French filmmakers also started making this type of risqué films, showing women disrobing. The Pathé brothers supplied the demand throughout Europe. In Austria , Johann Schwarzer produced 52 erotic productions between 1906 and 1911, each of which contained young local women fully nude, to provide an alternative local source to
6930-407: The key cities in the U.S. in the future and initially also reported results for ten other cities including Chicago and Los Angeles. They continued to report these grosses for films until 1989 when they put the data into a summarized weekly chart and only published the data by theatre for New York and Los Angeles as well as other international cities such as London and Paris. As media expanded over
7035-685: The life and early career of Harry Reems as he enters the pornography industry, eventually filming Deep Throat and its resultant infamy and obscenity trial in Memphis , Tennessee , and Lovelace is a central figure. In July 2013, an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign to make a film version of the play raised over $ 25,000. As of 2011, two biographical films on Boreman were scheduled to begin production. One, titled Lovelace , went into general release on August 9, 2013, with Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman directing, Amanda Seyfried as Lovelace, and Peter Sarsgaard as Chuck Traynor. Lovelace received
7140-427: The mainstream film industry. Certain pornographic actors have leveraged their success to branch into different entrepreneurial endeavours, such as Jenna Jameson 's ClubJenna. Leaked patient database of Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation in 2011 contained details of over 12,000 pornographic actors that it had tested since 1998, providing estimates of the number of pornographic film actors who have worked in
7245-613: The majority of operations were moved to Los Angeles . When Daily Variety started in 1933, its offices were in various buildings near Hollywood Blvd. and Sunset Blvd. In 1972, Syd Silverman purchased a building at 1400 North Cahuenga Blvd. which housed the Daily's offices until 1988, after which its new corporate owners and new publisher, Arthur Anderman, moved them to a building on the Miracle Mile on Wilshire Boulevard . In late 2008, Variety moved its Los Angeles offices to 5900 Wilshire ,
7350-595: The manager of Capri Anderson said, "A contract girl will only shoot for one company, she won't shoot for anyone else. Most actresses in the adult industry are free agents – they'll shoot for anyone. Most contract girls make $ 60,000 a year. In one year, a contract girl will shoot, on average, four movies and each movie takes about two or three weeks to shoot." Besides appearing in films, porn stars often make money from endorsements and appearance fees. For instance, in 2010, some night clubs were paying female porn stars and Playboy Playmates to appear there to act as draws for
7455-463: The mid-1970s, she took to smoking large quantities of marijuana combined with painkillers, and after her second marriage and the birth of her two children, she left the pornographic film business. In 1974, she published two "pro-porn" autobiographies, Inside Linda Lovelace and The Intimate Diary of Linda Lovelace . In 1976, she was chosen to play the title role in the erotic movie Forever Emmanuelle (also known as Laure ). However, according to
7560-462: The occupation; it found that the primary reasons were money (53%), sex (27%), and attention (16%). Respondents also stated the aspects of their work which they disliked. These included industry-associated people, e.g., co-workers, directors, producers, and agents, whose "attitudes, behaviors, and poor hygiene [were] difficult to handle within their work environment" or who were unscrupulous and unprofessional (39%); STIs risk (29%); and exploitation within
7665-462: The owner of Billboard . Silverman folded it two years later after spending $ 100,000, merging some of its features into Variety . The same year, he launched the Times Square Daily , which he referred to as "the world's worst daily" and soon scrapped. During that period, Variety staffers worked on all three papers. After the launch of The Hollywood Reporter in 1930, Silverman launched
7770-422: The paper. Green, the editor, and Harold Erichs, the treasurer and chief financial officer, ran the paper during his illness. Following Sidne's death in 1950, his only son Syd Silverman , was the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syd's legal guardian Erichs, who had started at Variety as an office boy, assumed the presidency. Ungar remained editor of Daily Variety until his death in 1950. He
7875-447: The pornography industry. Boreman had contracted hepatitis from the blood transfusion she received after her 1970 car accident and underwent a liver transplant in 1987. In 2001, she was featured on E! True Hollywood Story and did a lingerie pictorial as Linda Lovelace for the magazine Leg Show . On April 3, 2002, Boreman was involved in another automobile accident, suffering massive trauma and internal injuries. On April 22, she
7980-409: The predominant media outlets are Adult Video News and XBIZ . Certain performers also have had their public accounts blocked on social media platforms. The Internet Adult Film Database ( IAFD ) lists adult film productions dating back to the 1970s, the performers in those films, and the associated directors. A number of pornographic actors and actresses have written autobiographies, including
8085-467: The primary focus of heterosexual adult films are the women in them, who are mostly selected for their on-screen appearance, there is a definite focus on the male performers who are able to fulfill the desires of the male watching audience as their on-screen proxies. Most male performers in heterosexual pornography are generally selected less for their looks and more for their sexual prowess, namely their ability to do three things: achieve an erection while on
8190-449: The producer Ovidio G. Assonitis , Lovelace was "very much on drugs" at the time. She had already signed for the part when she avowed that "God had changed [her] life", refused to do any nudity, and even objected to a statue of the Venus de Milo on the set because of its exposed breasts. She was replaced by French actress Annie Belle . In January 1977, she briefly returned to theater acting in
8295-455: The publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter and editor positions in the newsroom. In October 2012, Reed Business Information , the periodical's owner, (formerly known as Reed-Elsevier, which had been parent to Cahner's Corp. in the United States) sold the publication to Penske Media Corporation (PMC). PMC is the owner of Deadline Hollywood , which since
8400-409: The publication's industry coverage; Claudia Eller as Editor, Film; Cynthia Littleton as Editor, TV; and Andrew Wallenstein as Editor, Digital. The decision was also made to stop printing Daily Variety with the last printed edition published on March 19, 2013, with the headline "Variety Ankles Daily Pub Hubbub". In June 2014, Variety launched a high-end real-estate breaking news site, Dirt , under
8505-535: The reprint series was discontinued. The annual anniversary edition published in January would often contain a necrology of the entertainment people who had died that year. Variety started reporting box office grosses for films by theatre on March 3, 1922, to give exhibitors around the country information on a film's performance on Broadway, which was often where first run showings of a film were held. In addition to New York City, they also endeavored to include all of
8610-645: The scene". In a 2004 interview conducted by Local10 news of Florida, it was claimed that individuals were offered $ 700 for sexual intercourse while shooting a scene of the popular series Bang Bus . In 2001, actress Chloe said of pay-rates: "In Gonzo , you're paid not by the picture, but by the scene. So it's girl-girl: $ 700, plus $ 100 for an anal toy. Boy-girl: $ 900. Anal: $ 1,100. Solo: $ 500. DP: $ 1,500." Salaries for female actresses typically range from $ 60,000 to $ 400,000, compared with $ 40,000 for male actors. In 2017, The Independent reported that top porn performers' salaries were around $ 300,000 to $ 400,000. In 2011,
8715-577: The scenes. She later became a born-again Christian and a spokeswoman for the anti-pornography movement . Boreman was born January 10, 1949, in The Bronx , New York , into a working-class family. She described her upbringing in an unhappy family, as the daughter of John Boreman, a police officer who was seldom home, and Dorothy Boreman (née Tragney), a waitress who was harsh, unloving, and domineering. She attended private Catholic schools, including Saint John
8820-566: The sex acts performed. Higher-paid female performers could make around $ 1200 per scene. The Los Angeles Times reported, in 2009, that the pay rates for a female actress performing heterosexual scenes were $ 700 to $ 1,000. According to the porn website Videobox in 2008, actresses make these rates: Blowjobs: $ 200–$ 400; Straight sex: $ 400–$ 1,200; Anal sex: $ 900–$ 1,500; Double Penetration: $ 1,200–$ 1,600; Double anal: $ 2,000. For more unusual fetishes, women generally get 15% extra. Ron Jeremy has commented that in 2008, "The average guy gets $ 300 to $ 400
8925-510: The so-called pornographic bloc countries, such as Russia , Romania , Czech Republic , Slovakia and Hungary . In France, popular female performers have included Brigitte Lahaie , Clara Morgane , Céline Tran (Katsuni), and Yasmine Lafitte . In Italy , the Swedish Marina Lothar rose to prominence in the early 1980s, as well as Moana Pozzi , Ilona Staller (Cicciolina), and Lilli Carati . The on-screen physical appearances of
9030-545: The studios' attempt to reach other Hollywood professionals who will be voting on the many awards given out in the early part of the year, including the Academy Awards , the Golden Globes and various guild award honors. On December 15, 1906, Variety published its first anniversary number that contained 64 pages, double the size of a regular edition. It published regular bumper anniversary editions each year, most often at
9135-479: The time of the company's launch were The New York Clipper and the New York Dramatic Mirror . The original logo, which is very similar to the current design, was sketched by Edgar M. Miller, a scenic painter, who refused payment. The front cover contained pictures of the original editorial staff: Alfred Greason, Epes W. Sargeant (Chicot or Chic), Joshua Lowe, and Silverman. The first issue contained
9240-564: The title "I Made Linda Lovelace Gag". In 2008, Lovelace: A Rock Musical , based on two of Boreman's four autobiographies, debuted at the Hayworth Theatre in Los Angeles. The score and libretto were written by Anna Waronker of the 1990s rock group That Dog , and Charlotte Caffey of the 1980s group the Go-Go's . Lovelace is one of the main characters of the 2010 stage play The Deep Throat Sex Scandal by David Bertolino. The play follows
9345-948: The top male performers of all time. Adding to his fame, Ron Jeremy has been a staple in the industry since the 1970s and has become something of a cultural icon. Ken Shimizu is credited with having had sex with over 8,000 women in the course of making 7,500 films. Payment for pornstars is dependent on the sex acts performed; penetration typically paying highest. In a single scene, female actresses typically make between $ 100 and $ 6,000, while male actors make between $ 100 and $ 400. In 2017, The Independent reported that female performers in scenes with male performers typically earn around $ 1,000, compared with $ 700–800 in scenes with other females. The Independent also claimed that pay rates are subject to variation up or down by around 10–20%, depending on various factors. The Daily Beast claimed in 2019 that female performers could make between $ 300 and $ 2500 per scene, depending on their level of experience and
9450-416: The years, charts and data for other media such as TV ratings and music charts were published, especially in the anniversary editions that were regularly published each January. During the 1930s, charts of the top performing films of the year were published and this tradition has been maintained annually since. In 1946, a weekly National Box Office survey was published on page 3 indicating the performance of
9555-771: Was a gang rape by five men, arranged by Mr. Traynor. It was the turning point in my life. He threatened to shoot me with the pistol if I didn't go through with it. I had never experienced anal sex before and it ripped me apart. They treated me like an inflatable plastic doll, picking me up and moving me here and there. They spread my legs this way and that, shoving their things at me and into me, they were playing musical chairs with parts of my body. I have never been so frightened and disgraced and humiliated in my life. I felt like garbage. I engaged in sex acts in pornography against my will to avoid being killed... The lives of my family were threatened. Boreman's accusations provoked mixed responses. Traynor admitted to striking Lovelace but said it
9660-424: Was a sexual "super freak" who had no boundaries and was a pathological liar . Adult-film actress Gloria Leonard was quoted as saying, "This was a woman who never took responsibility for her own [...] choices made; but instead blamed everything that happened to her in her life on porn." Corroboration for Lovelace's claims came from Andrea True , Lovelace's co-star in Deep Throat 2 , who, on a commentary DVD track of
9765-440: Was among the topics explored in the 2005 documentary Inside Deep Throat . Indie pop singer and songwriter Marc with a C released a 2008 album titled Linda Lovelace for President , which contained a song of the same name. The country songwriter and singer David Allan Coe wrote a song called "Linda Lovelace" which is featured on his 1978 album Nothing Sacred . The same song appears on his 1990 album 18 X-Rated Hits under
9870-418: Was awarded in 2016. In June 2019, Variety shut down its Gaming section. A significant portion of the publication's advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards . During this "Awards Season", large numbers of colorful, full-page " For Your Consideration " advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count. These advertisements are
9975-462: Was cast as Lovelace in Lovelace: The Musical . Other books: Pornographic actress A pornographic film actor or actress , pornographic performer , adult entertainer , or porn star is a person who performs sex acts on video that is usually characterized as a pornographic film . Such videos tend to be made in a number of distinct pornographic subgenres and attempt to present
10080-757: Was during the Wall Street Crash of 1929 : " Wall St. Lays An Egg ". The most famous was " Sticks Nix Hick Pix " (the movie-prop version renders it as "Stix nix hix pix!" in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), Michael Curtiz 's musical – biographical film about George M. Cohan starring James Cagney ). In 2012, Rizzoli Books published Variety: An Illustrated History of the World from the Most Important Magazine in Hollywood by Gray. The book covers Variety ' s coverage of hundreds of world events, from
10185-496: Was followed by Joe Schoenfeld. In 1953, Army Archerd took over the "Just for Variety" column on page two of Daily Variety and swiftly became popular in Hollywood. Archerd broke countless exclusive stories, reporting from film sets, announcing pending deals, and giving news of star-related hospitalizations, marriages, and births. The column appeared daily for 52 years until September 1, 2005. Erichs continued to oversee Variety until 1956. After that date, Syd Silverman managed
10290-585: Was in a car crash , sustaining injuries that were serious enough to require her to undergo a blood transfusion . The transfused blood had not been properly screened for hepatitis contamination, which caused her to need a liver transplant 18 years later. While recovering at the home of her parents, Boreman became involved with Chuck Traynor . According to Boreman, Traynor was charming and attentive at first, then became violent and abusive. She said he forced her to move to New York, where he became her manager, pimp , and husband. Allegedly coerced by Traynor, Boreman
10395-580: Was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering theater and vaudeville , with its headquarters in New York City . Silverman had been fired by The Morning Telegraph in 1905 for panning an act which had taken out an advert for $ 50. He subsequently decided to start his own publication that, he said, would "not be influenced by advertising." With a loan of $ 1,500 from his father-in-law, he launched Variety as publisher and editor. In addition to The Morning Telegraph , other major competitors at
10500-458: Was not as well received as the original had been; one critic, writing in Variety , described it as "the shoddiest of exploitation film traditions, a depressing fast buck attempt to milk a naïve public." In 1975, Boreman left Traynor for David Winters , the producer of her 1975 film Linda Lovelace for President , which co-starred Micky Dolenz . The film showed her on the campaign trail following
10605-615: Was paid only $ 1250, which was later confiscated by her husband Traynor. In December 1973, Boreman made her theater debut in Pajama Tops at the Locust Theatre in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The production suffered disappointing box office performance, which led it to close early, and Boreman's performance was panned. In 1974, Boreman starred in the R-rated sequel, Deep Throat II , which
10710-461: Was part of a voluntary sex game. In Legs McNeil 's and Jennifer Osborne's 2005 book The Other Hollywood , several witnesses, including Deep Throat director Gerard Damiano , state that Traynor beat Boreman behind closed doors, but they also question her credibility. Eric Edwards, Boreman's co-star in the bestiality films and other loops that featured her urinating on her sex partners, similarly discounts her credibility. According to Edwards, Boreman
10815-455: Was sold to Cahners Publishing for $ 64 million. In December 1987, Syd handed over editorship of Variety to Roger Watkins. After 29 years as editor of Daily Variety , Tom Pryor handed over to his son Pete in June 1988. On December 7, 1988, Watkins proposed and oversaw the transition to four-color print . Upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on
10920-417: Was soon performing as Linda Lovelace in hardcore " loops ", short 8 mm silent films made for peep shows . Boreman starred in a 1969 bestiality film titled Dogarama (also known as Dog 1 , Dog Fucker and Dog-a-Rama ). She later denied having appeared in the film until several of the original loops proved otherwise. In 2013, Larry Revene, the cameraman who actually shot the film, spoke about it for
11025-477: Was taken off life support and died at the age of 53. Marchiano and their two children were present when she died. Boreman was interred at Parker Cemetery in Parker, Colorado . The computer processing coordination system Linda was named after Linda Lovelace. This name choice was inspired by the programming language Ada , which was named after computer pioneer Ada Lovelace . Boreman's participation in Deep Throat
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