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35-550: Lillafüred (Miskolc-Lillafüred) is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary . Officially, it is a part of Miskolc , though it is almost 12 kilometres away from the city, in the Bükk Mountains. Lillafüred is a tourist resort. Count András Bethlen, the minister of agriculture, decided in the 1890s to build a holiday resort near Lake Hámori. The resort was named after his niece, Erzsébet (nicknamed: "Lilla") Vay, who

70-563: A stop at the farm on the days it is open. The stop is after the main Lillafüred stop. Used by rock climbers, climbing competitions are held at Hámor Rock every January. Borsod-Aba%C3%BAj-Zempl%C3%A9n Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén ( Hungarian : Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegye , pronounced [ˈborʃod ˈɒbɒuːj ˈzɛmpleːn] ; Slovak : Boršodsko-abovsko-zemplínska ) is an administrative county ( comitatus or vármegye) in north-eastern Hungary (commonly called "Northern Hungary"), on

105-458: A total of 358 cities, towns and villages this county has the most municipalities in Hungary. Approximately half of the population lives in cities/towns. (ordered by population, as of 2011 census) [REDACTED] municipalities are large villages. Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County has a partnership relationship with: Pest County The present county Pest was formed after World War II , when

140-426: Is 1.5 kilometres long. In the summer, boats and paddle boats can be rented. A small museum dedicated to the well-known ornithologist and polymath Ottó Herman . (Not to be confused with Ottó Herman Museum , which is in downtown Miskolc). There are two different local legends explaining why there is a crucifix on the top of the rock. According to the better-known version, the daughter of a rich miller jumped down from

175-483: Is among the counties that have the highest rate of unemployment and also the lowest rates of GDP per capita in Hungary. The county is the site of the Borsod Power Plant , one of the largest biomass power plants in Hungary. The Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County Council, elected at the 2024 local government elections, is made up of 29 counselors, with the following party composition: The following members elected of

210-559: Is the only Hungarian county with two UNESCO World Heritage Sites (the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst and the Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape ). The county bears the name of three historic counties of Hungary , each of them was centered around a castle. Note that besides these three castles, there were other castles in the old counties which became the modern Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, such as

245-649: The Anjou age of Hungary. In Borsod and Abaúj the Free Royal Town of Kassa (today's Košice , Slovakia) and Miskolc emerged as the most important towns. The Castle of Diósgyőr had its prime under Louis the Great , it was one of the favourite residences of the royal family. In the 16th century wine growing gained more importance. Today Tokaj-Hegyalja in Zemplén is one of the most important and famous wine districts of Hungary, home of

280-698: The Church . Most of Borsod was ruled by the Bors-Miskóc clan, while Abaúj was the estate of the Aba clan. By the 14th century most of the area was owned by oligarchs . To straighten his rule Charles Robert waged war against them. Palatine Amadé Aba (Genus Aba) was "de facto" ruler of Northern Hungary. Charles Robert betrayed and defeated Amadé in the Battle of Rozgony in 1312, and also gained power over Northern Hungary. The differences between towns and villages became important during

315-567: The First Vienna Award , arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy following the Munich Agreement , Hungary re-annexed territories that has been ceded to Czechoslovakia. During World War II Kassa was the capital of Abaúj-Torna. After Allied Victory in Europe , the pre-1938 borders were reinstated. The administration of the country needed to revert to pre-war status quo, since most of

350-465: The Great Hungarian Plain , thus the northern parts of the county are mountainous – with some of the highest peaks and deepest caves in the country – the southern parts are flat. The average temperature is lower than that of the country, the average humidity is higher (7–800 mm/year.) The region holds the country's record for lowest temperature: −35 °C (−31 °F) on 16 February 1940 in

385-578: The National Assembly during the 2022 parliamentary election : Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County has 1 urban county , 27 towns , 8 large villages and 322 villages. Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén is the county of extremes: it is the home of the country's fourth largest city and second largest agglomeration, where one fourth of the county' population resides, on the other hand, the county is full of hamlets with population under 200. Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén has 28 cities/towns (as of 2019) and over 300 villages. With

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420-494: The Treaty of Trianon Hungary had to give up its northern parts to Czechoslovakia . Abaúj-Torna had to give up 48% of its area, 72% of Zemplén became part of Czechoslovakia, only Borsod remained fully within Hungary. The neighboring county of Gömör-Kishont retained 7.5% of its area, and remaining parts were merged with Borsod. The county seats were Miskolc (Borsod-Gömör-Kishont), Szikszó (Abaúj-Torna) and Sátoraljaújhely (Zemplén). Under

455-499: The 2011 census. Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census: The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the county was 13.8 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 10.3% of Hungary's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,000 euros or 56% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 69% of the EU average. The Pest County Council, elected at

490-515: The Castle of Borsod , Abaúj belonged to the Castle of Újvár (in the modern village of Abaújvár) and Zemplén belonged to the Castle of Zemplén (today in Slovakia.) At this time the area of Borsod also included the later county Torna , and Abaúj also included the later counties Sáros and Heves . In the 12th century the former Abaúj comitatus was split into Abaúj, Heves and Sáros counties, while Torna

525-593: The Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Roma (approx. 58,000), Germans (2,500), Slovaks (2,000) and Rusyns (1,500). Total population (2011 census): 686,266 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 643,950 persons: Approx. 89,000 persons in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census. Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census: Due to

560-444: The border with Slovakia ( Košice Region ). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád , Heves , Hajdú–Bihar and Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg . The capital of Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén county is Miskolc . Of the seven statistical regions of Hungary it belongs to the region Northern Hungary . Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the second largest county of Hungary both by area (after Bács–Kiskun ) and by population (after Pest County ). It

595-485: The coat of arms of Abaúj). The flag is vertically divided into two equal sections (red and blue), with the coat of arms on it, and the county's name embroidered with gold thread under the coat of arms. Its ratio is 2:1. The use of both coat of arms and flag is regulated by the county council. Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén is one of the most geographically diverse areas of Hungary. It lies where the Northern Mountains meet

630-527: The emphasis on industrialization during the former Socialist regime and the county's richness in brown coal , Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén has become one of the leading industrial regions of the country, "the Ruhr Area of Hungary". The most important centres of heavy industry were Miskolc , Ózd , Tiszaújváros and Kazincbarcika . With the fall of the Socialist regime the industry faced a crisis, and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

665-684: The entry of former Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun county. Religion in Pest County (2022 census – of those who declared their religion (58.6%)) In 2015, it had a population of 1,226,115 and the population density was 192/km . Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Germans (approx. 25,000), Roma (20,000), Slovaks (6,000), Romanians (4,000) and Serbs (1,500). Total population (2011 census): 1,217,476 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 1,090,882 persons: Approx. 178,000 persons in Pest County did not declare their ethnic group at

700-637: The famous Tokay wine (named after the town Tokaj , the center of the wine district.) After the battle of Mohács , as the Turks occupied more and more of the Southern territories of Hungary, the area of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, as the northernmost part of the country, became an important area. After the Turkish occupation ended, and Hungary became part of the Habsburg monarchy , the area – because of its distance from Austria –

735-631: The first Protestant college was opened in Sárospatak . Many of the important persons of the Age of Enlightenment grew up in this region, for example the important politicians Lajos Kossuth , Bertalan Szemere and László Palóczy , and the language reformer Ferenc Kazinczy . During the 18th century several towns bought their freedom from their feudal landowners. New guilds were formed, manufactures were built, mines were opened, glassworks and forges were built. Miskolc began to catch up with Kassa and take over

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770-403: The former county Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun was split in two parts (the other part is within present-day Bács-Kiskun ). Pest County also existed in the early days of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary (11th century). Its territory comprised approximately the north-eastern part of present Pest County. It was combined with adjacent Pilis county before the 15th century. More information can be found at

805-482: The hotel, between the streams Szinva and Garadna . The highest waterfall in Hungary, at 20 meters in height, can be found here. The waterfall itself is artificial. The internal water tubes form the "Anna Cave" at the bottom. There are three natural caves not far from the hotel: The artificial lake was formed in the early 19th century by the damming of the Szinva and Garadna, to supply the iron furnace with water. The lake

840-403: The industrial character of existing cities became more important (Miskolc, Ózd .) Urbanization was rapid, workers from all over the country were arriving in these cities and towns, and the population of Miskolc reached its highest level in the 1980s (around 211.000.) The end of the Socialist era and the recession of the 1990s hit hard, the unemployment rate is one of the highest of the country, and

875-545: The land grabs proved temporary. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians remaining in Slovakia were forcibly expelled. In 1950 the Hungarian parts of the former counties Borsod-Gömör-Kishont, Abaúj-Torna and Zemplén were united, forming the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, with Miskolc being the county capital. During the Socialist era the region was developed into the centre of heavy industry. Whole new towns came into existence in place of small villages ( Tiszaújváros , Kazincbarcika ),

910-416: The local governments try to get over the crisis by strengthening the touristic potential. This seems to be a good idea, since Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is a geographically diverse area with rich natural and cultural treasures. Religion in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County (2022 census – of those who declared their religion (61.8%)) In 2015, it had a population of 667,594 and the population density was 92/km . Besides

945-495: The other parts of the country – experienced an era of prosperity and fast development. New factories, railway lines were built, the population grew. In 1882 Abaúj county was merged with Torna, and was renamed Abaúj-Torna . Furthermore, a large population of Jews was established during this time period. The famous film mogul who created Paramount Pictures, Adolph Zukor , was born in Ricse , a town in this county. After World War I and

980-400: The rock with her lover, the miller's poor apprentice, because her parents didn't allow them to marry. The other legend claims an old miller jumped from the rock when he learned that his young wife was cheating on him. This second version is less commonly known, but it was mentioned by the famous author Mór Jókai in one of his books. The area south from Lillafüred Valley gets its name ("marsh of

1015-475: The role as the leading city of the region, and because of this Borsod was the fastest developing county of the three counties. Many foreign settlers arrived, Slovaks, Greeks, Germans, Russians – even today there are whole villages with significant number of them. According to the census of 1787 Borsod, Abaúj and Zemplén had almost 500,000 inhabitants. After the Ausgleich Northern Hungary – just like

1050-487: The town of Görömböly-Tapolca (now Miskolctapolca .) Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén county was created after World War II from the pre-1938 counties Borsod –Gömör–Kishont, Abaúj–Torna and Zemplén (see also: 1950 Administrative Reform in Hungary ). The historical comitatus (Hungarian: vármegye – "castle county", since each of them belonged to a castle) came into existence during the Middle Ages . Borsod county belonged to

1085-401: The well-known Füzérvár . The county's coat of arms was created in 1991 from the coats of arms of the former counties now forming parts of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. From left to right: Coat of arms of Abaúj-Torna county. – Coat of arms of Zemplén county. – Coat of arms of Borsod county. – Coat of arms of Gömör / Gömör-Kishont county (with its red background color changed to the same blue as used in

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1120-516: The white stone") from a rock which provides views of the area, and a nearby marsh. The place is within Bükk National Park. There is a guesthouse there, which is depicted in Vilmos Kondor 's novel Budapest Noir . A trout farm is situated a few kilometres away from Lillafüred, and from there visitors can buy freshly grilled or smoked trout. The narrow-gauge train that departs from Miskolc makes

1155-504: Was separated from Borsod. For the next hundreds of years the borders remained unchanged. About two-thirds of the areas of these counties were royal property, the others were ruled by clans, for example the Miskóc clan (after whom the city of Miskolc was named.) The area was inhabited mostly by castle serfs and foreign settlers ( Pechenegs , Walloons , Czechs and Germans .) By the 12th century more and more areas were owned by noble families and

1190-632: Was the main base of the resistance, and held this status until the Ausgleich ("Compromise"), when Hungary, formerly a mere province of the Empire, became an equal partner with Austria (1867). The family of Francis II Rákóczi (leader of the Revolution against Habsburg rule in the early 18th century) had estates here, and the revolution itself was organised from here. The region also had cultural importance. The Reformation began spreading in Hungary in this area, and

1225-459: Was the sister of the then- ispán , or count, of Borsod County , Elemér Vay . The Palace Hotel was built by István Bethlen . The Palace Hotel was designed by Kálmán Lux and built between 1927 and 1930 in neo- Renaissance style. One of the hotel's restaurants is named after King Matthias . Its stained glass windows show the castles of historical Hungary. The hotel is surrounded by a large park with rare plants. The hanging gardens are below

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