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17-520: It was established in 1865 on the basis of a school that traced its roots to 1848. The school was named in honor of Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia . The school building was constructed in 1883–1885 by architect Paul Max Bertschy . The school was diverse in students' religious and ethnic background. For example, in 1884, out of 398 pupils, 161 were Evangelical Lutherans (41.2%), 130 Jews (33.3%), 76 Catholics (19.4%) and 22 Eastern Orthodoxs (5.6%). The curriculum devoted substantial attention to

34-470: A flux", with rheum meaning bodily fluids, i.e., any discharge of blood or bodily fluid. Before the 17th century , the joint pain which was thought to be caused by viscous humours seeping into the joints was always referred to as gout , a word adopted in Middle English from Old French gote "a drop; the gout, rheumatism". The English term rheumatism in the current sense has been in use since

51-592: A photograph of her. On 3 August 1863, he wrote to his mother: "I haven’t fallen in love with anyone for a long time. . . You may laugh but the main reason for this is Dagmar whom I fell in love with long ago without even seeing her. I think only about her.” He was tremendously happy after he proposed to Dagmar in her native Denmark: “How can I not be happy when my heart tells me I love her, love her dearly?. . . How can I describe her? Pretty, direct, intelligent, lively yet shy.” As he continued on his European tour, he wrote love letters to Dagmar every day. Until 1865, Nicholas

68-407: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia Nicholas Alexandrovich ( Russian : Николай Александрович ; 20 September [ O.S. 8 September] 1843 – 24 April [ O.S. 12 April] 1865) was tsesarevich —the heir apparent —of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865. Grand Duke Nicholas

85-515: Is often a case of eliminating other conditions before getting a correct diagnosis. Initial therapy of the major rheumatological diseases is with analgesics , such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Steroids, especially glucocorticoids , and stronger analgesics are often required for more severe cases. The term rheumatism stems from the Late Latin rheumatismus , ultimately from Greek ῥευματίζομαι "to suffer from

102-514: Is such an honest, good man." In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to Princess Dagmar of Denmark . She was the second daughter of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark and was a younger sister of the Princess of Wales , later Queen Alexandra and wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne, Albert Edward, who reigned as Edward VII . Nicholas was besotted with Dagmar after he saw

119-554: Is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders . The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology . Many rheumatic disorders of chronic, intermittent pain (including joint pain , neck pain or back pain ) have historically been caused by infectious diseases. Their etiology was unknown until the 20th century and not treatable. Postinfectious arthritis, also known as reactive arthritis , and rheumatic fever are other examples. In

136-542: The Latin and Greek languages . The language of instruction was switched from German to Russian in 1887. The school continued to function until its evacuation to Petrograd during World War I (1915). School principals were: Many prominent Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, and German people studied at the gymnasium, including: 56°30′31″N 21°00′25″E  /  56.50861°N 21.00694°E  / 56.50861; 21.00694 This Latvian education-related article

153-467: The joints or connective tissue . Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions. The term "Rheumatic Diseases"

170-582: The United States, major rheumatic disorders are divided into 10 major categories based on the nomenclature and classification proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1983. Blood and urine tests will measure levels of creatinine and uric acid to determine kidney function, an elevation of the ESR and CRP is possible. After a purine-restricted diet, another urine test will help determine whether

187-414: The body is producing too much uric acid or the body isn't excreting enough uric acid. Rheumatoid factor may be present, especially in the group that is likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis . A fine needle is used to draw fluid from a joint to determine if there is any build-up of fluid. The presence of uric acid crystals in the fluid would indicate gout. In many cases there may be no specific test, and it

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204-508: The throne as Emperor Alexander II. Nicholas was extremely well-educated and intelligent. His paternal uncle Grand Duke Konstantin called him "the crown of perfection." His history teacher said, “If I succeeded in forming a student equal to Nikolai Alexandrovich once in ten years, I’d think I’d have fulfilled my duties." Nicholas had a close relationship with his younger brother, Grand Duke Alexander . He called Alexander "Pug." On his deathbed, he told his father, "Papa, take care of Sasha, he

221-493: The wish that his fiancée become the bride of his younger brother and future Tsarevich, Alexander . He "raised his right hand and took Sasha's [Alexander's] hand... and seemed to be reaching for Princess Dagmar's with his left." In 1866, Alexander and Dagmar married. Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death. In 1867, construction

238-468: Was begun on a chapel named in his honor ( fr:Chapelle du tsarévitch Nicolas Alexandrovitch ) in Nice, on the exact place where Nicholas was said to have died, and in 1868, the chapel was inaugurated, with his brother Alexander and his wife, the re-christened Maria Feodorovna, in attendance. Rheumatism Rheumatism or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting

255-701: Was born on 20 September [ O.S. 8 September] 1843, in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo south of central Saint Petersburg , during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Nicholas I . Nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of the Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich , eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and the Tsesarevna Maria Alexandrovna of Russia . In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to

272-504: Was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal meningitis , and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down. In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, at the Villa Bermond in Nice , France . On his deathbed, Nicholas expressed

289-506: Was thought to have a strong constitution. During a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as rheumatism . Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy. His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France. This move brought him no improvement. It

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