The Libyan National Conference was a planned meeting in Ghadames for organising elections and other components of a peace process in Libya . The conference was prepared over 18 months during 2018 and 2019 and planned to take place 14–16 April 2019. It was postponed in early April 2019 as a result the attack on Tripoli by the Libyan National Army led by Khalifa Haftar .
31-689: The Libyan National Conference was coordinated by Ghassan Salamé , head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) over 18 months during 2018–2019. From April to July 2018, UNSMIL and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue organised 75 meetings in Libya and internationally with 7000 Libyans, three-quarters men and a quarter women. Half a million comments were collected on online social media from 130,000 online followers together with 2000 formal online "submissions". The November 2018 summary of
62-820: A critical role in bringing together Iraqi factions. He is the chairman of the Arab Fund for Arts and Culture . Salamé also sat on the Board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue from 2011 to 2015. In 2016, he joined the Commission on the Rakhine State (Myanmar), which was chaired by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. Salame is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation (chaired by FW de Klerk ) that works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in
93-570: A global conflict tracker designed to identify both risks of escalation and opportunities to advance peace. The organisation says that it produces detailed analysis and advice on specific policy issues that are affecting conflict or potential conflict situations; that it engages with policy-makers, regional organisations and other key actors to promote peaceful solutions to major conflicts; and that it offers new strategic and tactical thinking on intractable conflicts and crises. The ICG has been characterized as "liberal". Its permanent field presence forms
124-569: A presence in Abu Dhabi, Abuja, Bangkok, Beirut, Caracas, Gaza City, Guatemala City, Hong Kong, Jerusalem, Johannesburg, Juba, Kabul, Kyiv, Mexico City, Mogadishu, Rabat, Tbilisi, Toronto, Tunis and Yangon. As of September 2023, Crisis Group Board of Trustees has 44 members. Frank Giustra , founder of the Giustra Foundation and Acceso, became co-chair in 2020, and Susana Malcorra , former Foreign Minister of Argentina and former Chef de Cabinet of
155-585: A prolific entrepreneur and financier, and H.R.H. Prince Zeid Raad Al Hussein , UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Olympic Refugee and Paralympic Teams. The Swedish ONG Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research alleged in 2005 that the ICG board of directors' had close ties to Western governments, a lack of independent scholars, and an absence of an objective standard theoretical framework. In 2010, Tom Hazeldine argued in an article published in
186-463: A proposal for an annual budget of $ 8 million and 75 full-time staff. In mid-1995, the organisation was formally registered in the U.S. as a tax-exempt non-profit. From 1996 to 1999, Crisis Group had an annual budget of around $ 2 million and around 20 full-time staff; by 2017 its budget had risen to over $ 17 million. Crisis Group received funding under grants from governments, charitable foundations, private companies and individual donors. For
217-779: Is a Melkite Greek Catholic . Ghassan Salamé taught international relations at the American University of Beirut and Saint Joseph University in Beirut and, later, at the University of Paris. In 2000–2003, Salamé was Lebanon's Minister of Culture, as well as chairman and Spokesman of the Organization Committee for the Arab Summit (March 2002) and of the Francophone Summit (October 2002) in Beirut. Salamé presently sits on
248-566: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ghassan Salam%C3%A9 Ghassan Salamé ( Arabic : غسان سلامة ; born 1951) is a Paris -based Lebanese academic . He served as the Lebanese Minister of Culture from 2000 to 2003. He was the Dean of the Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA) and professor of International Relations at Sciences Po . Salamé served as the head of
279-406: Is not the amount but the sources of the ICG's funding which have opened Western policymakers' doors to its advocacy, while at the same time (possibly) compromising the ICG's political independence". She wrote that the ICG has "contradict[ed] the idea of simple, straightforward connections between donors and reporting" through the broad variety of its donors. Robert Malley , who previously served in
310-727: Is the President and CEO of the organisation with Richard Atwood as Executive Vice President. George Soros provided the organisation's seed funding and continues to support it. The first government representative to offer financial support was Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari , in March 1994. That same year, Gareth Evans , as Foreign Minister of Australia, pledged $ 500,000. As private individuals, Ahtisaari later became Chairman of ICG, and Evans became CEO of ICG. A January 1995 meeting in London brought many international figures together and approved
341-896: Is the author of (inter alia) Quand l’Amérique refait le monde ; Appels d'empire: ingérences et résistances à l'âge de la mondialisation ; State and Society in the Arab Levant , and editor (inter alia) of Democracy Without Democrats: Politics of Liberalization in the Arab and Muslim World; The Politics of Arab Integration and The Foundations of the Arab State. His essays have been published in Foreign Policy, Revue française de science politique, European Journal of International Affairs, The Middle East Journal and other scholarly journals. Selected Public Speeches and Articles International Crisis Group The International Crisis Group ( ICG ; also known as
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#1733085319893372-614: The New Left Review that the ICG "styles itself as independent and non-partisan, but has consistently championed NATO's wars to fulsome transatlantic praise". A 2007 piece in Foreign Policy described ICG as "liberal" and critical of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez . The ICG generated controversy in April 2013 as it awarded Myanmar President Thein Sein its "In Pursuit of Peace Award", with
403-458: The Crisis Group ) is a global non-profit , non-governmental organisation founded in 1995. It is a think tank , used by policymakers and academics, conducting research and analysis on global crises. ICG has described itself as "working to prevent wars and shape policies that will build a more peaceful world". ICG states that it provides early warning through its monthly CrisisWatch bulletin,
434-510: The United Nations Support Mission in Libya from 2017 to 2020. Ghassan Salamé was born in 1951 in Beirut , Lebanon , originally from Kfardebian . He studied at Saint Joseph University and later studied public international law (Diploma of Advanced Studies, DEA, University of Paris ), as well as in literature (PhD in humanities, Paris III Sorbonne-Nouvelle University ) and political science (PhD, Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne University ). Salamé
465-575: The House of Representatives and High Council of State, who would be responsible for implementing these. The National Conference was postponed in early April 2019 as a result of the military actions constituting the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign . In late 2020, a series of meetings similar to the originally planned National Conference was initiated, with the new name being the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum . This Libya -related article
496-668: The Obama administration as a senior adviser, became president and CEO of ICG in January 2018. Malley had his ties to the Obama electoral campaign severed in May 2008, when it became public that Malley had been in discussions with the militant Palestinian group Hamas , listed by the U.S. State Department as a terrorist organisation. His predecessors in the position include former UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Jean-Marie Guéhenno , former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and Justice of
527-744: The Supreme Court of Canada Louise Arbour , and former Foreign Minister of Australia Gareth Evans. The Crisis Group, and in particular its Iran Project Director, Ali Vaez, played an important role in advancing the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Crisis Group is headquartered in Brussels , with advocacy offices in Washington DC, New York and London. Other legally registered offices are based in Bogota, Colombia; Dakar, Senegal; Istanbul, Turkey; and Nairobi, Kenya. As of June 2018, Crisis Group has
558-613: The UN Secretary-General, joined him as co-chair in 2021. Previously, the board was chaired by Mark Malloch Brown , former UN Deputy Secretary-General and Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. Past board members have included Sandy Berger and Stephen Solarz . Chairmen emeritus are Martti Ahtisaari, George J. Mitchell and Thomas R. Pickering. Gareth Evans remained President Emeritus as of 2023. Crisis Group's "In Pursuit of Peace Award”
589-616: The aim of holding a meeting in Ghadames called the Libyan National Conference , for organising elections and to revive the Libyan peace process . In February 2020, he eventually brought delegations from the two main sides in Libya's conflict to Geneva for peace talks, but key representatives suspended their involvement. Shortly after, shelling in Tripoli had again intensified into some of
620-404: The award ceremony coinciding with the publication of a Human Rights Watch report of ethnic cleansing by Sein's administration. In 2014, the journal Third World Quarterly published a special issue about the ICG and its role in knowledge production about conflict, featuring 10 separate critiques about the ICG, ranging from its influence on foreign-policy makers, "manufacturing" crises, and
651-703: The basis of the organisation's methodology. It has regional programmers covering over 70 actual and potential conflicts in Africa, Asia, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and the United States. As of September 2023, Crisis Group has approximately 150 staff members from various backgrounds, including academia, civil society, diplomacy and media. Since December 2021, Comfort Ero
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#1733085319893682-861: The board of the International Crisis Group (Brussels), the International Peace Institute (New York), the Open Society Foundations , the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt), and several other non-profit organizations. He was also the senior advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General from 2003 to 2006 and again in 2012. He was the political advisor to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in 2003, where he played
713-531: The conference was justified given that "the necessary conditions had been met to enable an effective solution to the crisis in Libya through a political settlement, the establishment of a national charter and commitments that could be given to place the country on the path of recovery, towards peace, restoration of unity and sovereignty and a decent life for the Libyan people." The holding of the National Conference
744-488: The consultation stated that the main desires of Libyans were: Salamé summarised the preparation of the conference as including "broad consultation with all the Libyan factions and groups, and after the painstaking and delicate handling of local, regional and international constraints and imperatives." The planned number of participants is about 120–150 Libyans from diverse sociopolitical Libyan groups, with no foreign groups represented. Salamé stated in April 2019 that holding
775-472: The financial year ending June 30, 2019, it received 43% of its funding from governments, 31% from foundations, 22% from the private sector, 2% from in-kind contributions and 2% from investment income. In a 2014 paper for Third World Quarterly , social researcher Berit Bliesemann de Guevara writes that ICG's significant budget was a requirement of its activities, though small compared to government research agencies. She wrote that "Critics have argued that it
806-584: The form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. On 22 June 2017, Salamé was appointed Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), replacing Martin Kobler . On 5 August 2017, he made his first official visit to Libya after assuming the role of the head of United Nations Support Mission in Libya by arriving at Mitiga Airport in Tripoli . During 2018–2019, he mediated between political and social groups in Libya, with
837-482: The heaviest bombardments since Salame brokered a ceasefire earlier that year. On 2 March 2020, Salamé resigned as the head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya citing stress and health concerns. In a statement on Twitter , he said he had been frustrated with foreign powers, particularly France and Russia for covertly backing Khalifa Haftar 's forces in the civil war . Ghassan Salamé
868-604: The methodologies it deploys in gathering its research. The ICG's briefings and reports were described as having "a generally good reputation" among policymakers in the issue's introduction, which also notes that while academics working on conflict often cite the ICG's analysis, there is little academic research about the ICG itself. The ICG was criticised in September 2016 for its 2011 report entitled "The Syrian Regime's Slow-motion Suicide", with Nicholas Noe arguing: "Regrettably, ICG's overconfidence in regime suicide not only encouraged
899-497: The premature and disastrous rejection of diplomacy that has helped prolong the Syria war. It also essentially abdicated the main role for which peace, promotion, and conflict mitigation NGOs exist in the first place: Advocating for strong international engagement and negotiated solutions that regard the safety of civilian populations as paramount". In 2023, several of ICG's staff, including Ali Vaez, Iran Project Director, were connected to
930-535: Was established in 2005, and is associated with a gala event in New York City. Recipients include U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush, Hillary Clinton, former Brazilian President Lula da Silva, Nobel Peace Prize laureates Martti Ahtisaari and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and financier and philanthropist George Soros. Recipients for 2018 included Frank Giustra , founder of the Radcliffe Foundation and
961-715: Was supported by the United Nations Security Council . The conference was planned to only make recommendations, with no executive powers, with the aim of not competing with existing Libyan political bodies such as the Presidential Council , the House of Representatives , the High Council of State . Specific proposals that should result from the conference include methods and dates for the 2019 presidential and parliamentary elections . These would be recommended to