127-632: Liberty Weekend was a four-day celebration held to mark the 1984–86 restoration and the centenary of the Statue of Liberty ( Liberty Enlightening the World ) in New York City . It began on July 3, 1986, and ended on July 6. The Opening Ceremonies of Liberty Weekend were held on July 3, 1986, at Governors Island in New York Harbor . French President François Mitterrand was on hand to give his well wishes to
254-561: A Celtic sojourn hosted by Brian O'Donnovan with Carlos Núñez and Karan Casey as the special guests; the ever-popular " Gospel Night at Pops" conducted by Charles Floyd featuring The Blind Boys of Alabama ; the return of "Cirque de la Symphonie" featuring Cirque du Soleil performers; and ending with Simply Sondheim, featuring Marin Mazzie , Jason Danieley and the Tanglewood Music Center Fellows as special guests. During
381-572: A 12-mile course from the George Washington Bridge down to Battery Park in Lower Manhattan. The race was filmed by a fifth airship, and two others circled the city. The race was won by the Fuji blimp in 15 minutes and 36 seconds. Resorts International came second, followed by McDonald's and Citibank. The winner received a two-foot-long airship trophy from James Hoge, Daily News publisher, and
508-466: A fireworks display set to " The Stars and Stripes Forever " was enacted above the statue as well as the skyline of New York city. Warren Burger , Chief Justice of the United States , swore in immigrants to the United States in a naturalization ceremony on Ellis Island . The temperature in the harbor was about 40 °F (5 °C) that night with a sharp wind blowing across Governors Island. On
635-582: A month and a half from the centennial celebration, discussed the changes within the statue as being the most spectacular. The journalist added: that "now that the walls have been removed, what is revealed is an interior that seems to combine the toughness of 19th century industrial construction and the grace of a cathedral." Boston Pops Orchestra The Boston Pops is an American orchestra based in Boston , Massachusetts , specializing in light classical and popular music. The orchestra's current music director
762-502: A new niche of popular symphonic music. Of the many musical pieces created for the orchestra, the Pops' most identifiable works were the colorful novelty numbers composed by Fiedler's close friend Leroy Anderson , including " Sleigh Ride ", " The Typewriter ", " The Syncopated Clock " and several others. Fiedler also initiated the annual Holiday Pops concerts in December. Under Fiedler's direction,
889-584: A non-profit foundation licensed by the State of New York to raise funds for the restoration effort. The Committee hired four French consultants said to have considerable expertise in their respective fields: an architect-engineer, a metals expert , a structural engineer and a mechanical engineer who were asked to compose a technical report on the physical condition of the statue. The French consultants visited Liberty Island in May, June, October and December 1981, before presenting
1016-635: A preliminary white paper to the National Park Service on the seventeenth of December in Washington, D.C., titled "French Technical Report on Restoring the Statue of Liberty". The report, written with the assistance of a regional historical architect from the NPS, was an attempt to identify and address the apparent problems associated with the statue. In the report, the consultants took note of what they saw to be
1143-433: A problem, owing to the dissimilarity of the metals used in the statue (copper and iron), which unless insulated would corrode rapidly. However, the method used to try to prevent galvanic corrosion of the armature system had proven to be ineffective. The original insulating layer implemented between the copper sheathing and the iron bars was an asbestos cloth soaked in shellac. This insulating and isolating system had separated
1270-790: A record-breaking 800,000 people were reported to have attended (largest audience in the world until 1994, and still the largest ever in the US and third largest ever recorded worldwide). The closing ceremonies took place at Giants Stadium in New Jersey . The closing ceremonies featured a tribute to sports and pop culture, with the following performers and speakers (in order): Fabian Forte , Frankie Avalon , Buddy DeFranco , Charlton Heston , Waylon Jennings , Gene Kelly , Patti LaBelle , Gerry Mulligan , Willie Nelson , Kenny Rogers , The Pointer Sisters , Manhattan Transfer , The Golden Boys of Bandstand , Shirley MacLaine , and Liza Minnelli . The entire event
1397-414: A sponge-like material which merely retained the saltwater as a conductive electrolyte. Hastening the decline of the corroded iron, the buildup of corrosive discharge exerted pressure on the riveted copper saddles that had held the iron bars in place. This created buckling and warping, and further caused the rivets to become disjointed. Rainwater would seep into the holes in the copper sheathing which once held
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#17330846271531524-442: A technical assistant from AT&T Bell Laboratories , developed a greenish liquid composed of corroded copper particles roughly matching the statue's exterior in chemical composition, which was then sprayed over the tar streaked exterior. The sprayed on particles were then left to develop and spread over the streaks and stains. Both researchers, specializing in the study of the corrosion on copper and copper alloys became interested in
1651-442: A time at most. The restoration would not begin until January 23, 1984. An article from The New York Times published the day after, indicated that the 30-month project had officially begun the day before, and that visitors would have approximately two weeks remaining before the statue would be completely enshrouded by the tons of extruded aluminum scaffolding that had just been deposited on Liberty Island. The scaffolding contract
1778-519: A very inadequate and basic heating system were to be changed. Prior to the restoration, much of the internal structure of the statue was out of sight behind the mesh wire walls of the original helical stairs. The stairs were originally intended for workmen. Neither the architect nor the artist had envisioned that the lady would welcome visitors internally. Elevators were first installed in 1908–9. An article in The New York Times , published less than
1905-408: A wide range of substances in the search for the right blasting material to remove the coal tar, including cherry pits, powdered glass, plastic pellets, salt, rice and sugar. However, all were either "too abrasive or too mild. Strauss then considered sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), noting that it is used in household cleaning and in museums for cleaning delicate artifacts. When test blasting at 60 PSI,
2032-641: Is Keith Lockhart . Founded in 1885 as an offshoot of the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO), the Boston Pops primarily consists of musicians from the BSO, although generally not all of the first-chair players. The orchestra performs a spring season of popular music and a holiday program in December. For the Pops, the seating on the floor of Symphony Hall is reconfigured from auditorium seating to banquet and cafe seating. The Pops also plays an annual concert at
2159-666: The Department of the Interior in the nation's capital on March 5, 1982. The director of the NPS was impressed by the report, but also concerned about the future prospects of the Committee's fund raising efforts. Shortly thereafter, the Secretary of the Department of the Interior announced in May 1982 the creation of a 21-member Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Centennial Commission (better known as
2286-478: The DuPont company. An article in The New York Times of May 31, 1986, reported that inspection crews overseeing the restoration efforts had noticed several months earlier that a 5-foot-long (1.5 m) armature bar near one of the arms had been stamped with the forty names of the forty iron workers who had installed the armatures. The bar, which had to be replaced, was paid for by the contractors. Before being replaced,
2413-513: The Future Now Tour ), and Grammy - and CMA -winning country music stars Little Big Town who performed the national anthem. The 2016 Fireworks Spectacular also marked David Mugar 's final Fireworks Spectacular show, which he produced for over 40 years. In October 2016, the Boston Pops agreed to take over the management of the annual July Fourth fireworks concert on the Esplanade and to take on
2540-685: The Hatch Memorial Shell on the Esplanade every Fourth of July . Their performances of Tchaikovsky 's " 1812 Overture " and Sousa 's " The Stars and Stripes Forever " are famous for howitzer cannons firing and fireworks exploding during the former and the unfurling of the American flag that occurs near the end of the latter. Identified with its longtime director Arthur Fiedler , the orchestra has recorded extensively, made frequent tours, and appeared often on television. In 1881, Henry Lee Higginson ,
2667-791: The Hatch Shell celebrated its 100th anniversary. The orchestra performed with Toby Keith , who performed " Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue " and " American Soldier ". They also performed with the Tanglewood Festival Chorus , soprano Renese King (who sang "We the People" (the theme song for Visions of America ), and they performed "The Dream Lives On: A Portrait of the Kennedy Brothers", with Lisa Hughes, Jack Williams, and local actors Jeremiah Kissel and Will LeBow. The Pops specifically commissioned
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#17330846271532794-553: The Historic American Engineering Record (HAER). According to The New York Times , the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) would also be donating a set of three-dimensional computer drawings of the statue, rendered in the computer-aided design (CAD) program. The drawings were to aid in the future maintenance of the statue. These drawings were later given to the NPS, and were important in analyzing
2921-546: The Medal of Liberty to outstanding naturalized Americans. Emil Mosbacher , organizer of Operation Sail, and Secretary of the Navy John Lehman spoke of the following day's events. Reagan spoke again, this time symbolically lighting the torch of the Statue of Liberty, by pressing a button shooting a laser from the podium to torch. This was done from the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy . Finally,
3048-622: The Middlesex County Volunteers Fifes & Drums ), " God Bless America ", " Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy ", the "Main Title" (from Revenge of the Sith ), Tchaikovsky's famous " 1812 Overture ", and Sousa's classic march, "The Stars and Stripes Forever". For the 2006 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with Aerosmith , who performed " Dream On " and " I Don't Want to Miss a Thing ". American Idol contestant Ayla Brown performed
3175-620: The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation ) which would act as an "umbrella group" overseeing the French American Committee and the Ellis Island Restoration Commission. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation would try to privately raise funds for the restoration efforts. A report prepared by the NPS in September 1982, titled "General Management Plan", sought to discuss the fundraising aims and objectives of
3302-473: The Tanglewood Festival Chorus under the direction of James Burton , for the last two of their four appearances that spring. " Star Wars : The Story in Music" was performed on Wednesday, June 9 at 8 pm. "An Evening with Amanda Palmer , Neil Gaiman & The Boston Pops" was Thursday, June 10 and Friday, June 11, both at 8 pm. The Pops were joined by Palmer and Gaiman as special guests. "Gospel Night"
3429-564: The Tanglewood Festival Chorus under the direction of James Burton . In addition to Bloomberg nationwide, the show was carried by independent station WHDH (channel 7) locally over-the-air, and online at Boston.com , BostonGlobe.com , bso.org (the Boston Symphony Orchestra's website), and on the Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular app. For the 2019 Fireworks Spectacular, Lockhart and the Pops paid tribute to
3556-574: The Tanglewood Festival Chorus , under the direction of James Burton for the first two of their four appearances that spring. " Ragtime In Concert" was the next performance, for Thursday, May 20 at 8 pm, and Friday, May 21st at 8 pm. "The Wonderful World of Alan Menken 's Music" was the program for Wednesday, May 26 at 8 pm, Thursday May 27 at 8 pm, and Saturday, May 29 at 2 pm. The Pops were joined by Broadway actors Sierra Boggess , Telly Leung and Alton Fitzgerald White for these performances. "Celebrating 25 with Keith!"
3683-678: The United States Army Field Band 's Concert Band and Soldiers' Chorus. For the 2018 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra worked with Rachel Platten , Rhiannon Giddens , the Indigo Girls , actresses Rita Moreno and Natalie Cortez (who was about to open in the ensemble in the world premiere of Moulin Rouge! , which debuted in Boston in October 2018 and later debuted on Broadway in 2019), and
3810-409: The copper sheet of the statue and the iron bands of the structural armature , as it had caused the iron bands to corrode. Alterations over the intervening years (1887–1916) to the torch had created such irreversible damage to the integral stability of that segment, that it was advised in the report that the torch be replaced. In order to more thoroughly assess possible damage that may be hidden beneath
3937-690: The $ 25,000 Citibank Charity Challenge Cup fund went to the Boys' Clubs of America. That night, a joint concert by the New York Philharmonic and the US Marine Band was held in Central Park conducted by Zubin Mehta and Col. John Bourgeois , with special guests (in order) Plácido Domingo , Joseph Flummerfelt , Marilyn Horne , Itzhak Perlman , Yo-Yo Ma , Sherrill Milnes and Leona Mitchell . At that time,
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4064-551: The 2005 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with Big and Rich (who performed their hit " Love Train "), Gretchen Wilson , and Cowboy Troy (who performed with Big and Rich for a new rendition of the Declaration of Independence), and highlighted their newest CD America by performing " The Star-Spangled Banner ", "Armed Forces Salute", "This Is My Country", "The Gettysburg Address " (narrated by then- WBZ-TV news anchor Jack Williams ), " Doodletown Fifers " (performed with
4191-419: The 2015 Pops Spring Season, the orchestra worked with Bernadette Peters (who opened the spring season that year), The Midtown Men, and Audra McDonald . In 2015, the film that was chosen for the "Film with Orchestra" series was Singin' In The Rain . The orchestra also had tributes throughout the season: two nights of the orchestra playing the music of The Beatles ; the ever-popular "John Williams Film Night";
4318-487: The 2017 Pops Spring Season, the orchestra had its first season-long tribute to a composer, that composer being John Williams. They recorded a new CD, Lights, Camera, Music: Six Decades of John Williams , which was released during the season. The orchestra had two pre-season events which marked the first time the orchestra had ever used Symphony Hall before May: "Celebrating John Williams!" and " E.T. in Concert". The Pops opened
4445-542: The 50th anniversary of Woodstock by performing both a medley of the Theme and " Pinball Wizard " from The Who 's Tommy and a medley of " Aquarius " and "The Flesh Failures (Let The Sunshine In)" from Hair . Lockhart and the Pops also performed with Queen Latifah , folk legend Arlo Guthrie (who paid tribute to his father Woody Guthrie by performing "This Land Is Your Land"), poet Amanda Gorman , two acts from America's Got Talent , The Texas Tenors and Amanda Mena , and
4572-725: The American people. Secretary of the Interior Donald Hodel , Executive Producer David L. Wolper , and the Chairman of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation Lee Iacocca joined to introduce the President of the United States at the time, Ronald Reagan . The Liberty Orchestra was conducted by John Williams premiering his composition, Liberty Fanfare featuring the Liberty Weekend herald trumpets. The Liberty Weekend Chorus
4699-527: The Boston Pops has sold more commercial recordings than any other orchestra in the world, with total sales of albums, singles, tapes, and cassettes exceeding $ 50 million. The orchestra's first recordings were made in July 1935 for RCA Victor , including the first complete recording of George Gershwin 's Rhapsody in Blue . The Pops made their first high-fidelity recording on June 20, 1947, of Gaîté Parisienne (based on
4826-470: The Boston Pops" Concerts, a series that hadn't been featured since 2013. The Pops performed their annual "Gospel Night" with the Boston Pops Gospel Choir and guest star Melinda Doolittle under the direction of Charles Floyd. The orchestra also welcomed back Leslie Odom Jr. with special guests Renée Elise Goldsberry and Phillipa Soo for "An Evening with Leslie Odom Jr". The 2019 Spring Season
4953-409: The French American Committee, owing to the Committee's considerable fundraising problems and other related matters. The associate architect for the restoration was Thierry Despont , who would later rise to prominence as the architect of homes for Bill Gates and Les Wexner . Just prior to the restoration efforts, there were an insufficient number of photographs documenting the initial reassembly of
5080-408: The NPS were brought aboard on the project. Construction work would be assigned to U.S. contractors, and by July 1983, a joint diagnostic report was completed by the newly joint group of consultants and presented to NPS officials. By December 1983, the U.S. group assumed many of the responsibilities concerning the design aspect of the project, and by August 1984, the U.S. team terminated its contract with
5207-466: The Pops and local public television station WGBH developed a series of weekly televised broadcasts, Evening at Pops , recorded during the Pops' regular season in Symphony Hall. Some shows have holiday–oriented themes, such as Christmas shows featuring performers such as Jonathan Meath , who appeared as Santa with the Boston Pops for ten shows during 2008–2009. After Fiedler's death in 1979, he
Liberty Weekend - Misplaced Pages Continue
5334-664: The Pops performed with Michael Cavanaugh who sang some of Billy Joel 's classic songs, the Boston-based band Sons of Serendip , the Boston Crusaders Drum and Bugle Corps (who performed the entirety of their 2015 Field Show, Animal Farm ; based on George Orwell 's 1945 novella of the same name ) and members of the USO 's Show Troupe. For the 2016 Fireworks Spectacular, Lockhart and the Pops performed with pop stars Demi Lovato , Nick Jonas (both performing on their joint world tour
5461-587: The Pops, Williams performed with Sammy Davis Jr. as one of the artists for one of the Evening at Pops specials that aired in 1988. In 1991, the orchestra played Bill Monroe 's Uncle Pen and other bluegrass classics with Ricky Skaggs and the Kentucky Thunder. In 1992, Williams conducted a memorable performance of the Pops featuring Broadway Icon John Raitt and his daughter Grammy winner Bonnie Raitt along with members of her Band. Keith Lockhart assumed
5588-477: The Statue of Liberty restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, as metallurgical repair work on such a large scale had never been attempted. Many scientists, engineers, government organizations, and professional consultants evaluated and dealt with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort. The restored statue was reopened during Liberty Weekend , its 100-year anniversary celebration held July 3–6, 1986. The preparations for
5715-477: The Statue of Liberty, such as the long lines and waiting time to enter the crown of the statue. The proposed measures included the instatement of systems for numbered ticketing and early warnings that would allow visitors to estimate any possible waiting times and to be conveniently advised if and when to visit or enter the statue. The report also discussed ways to streamline ferry access both to and from Liberty Island and Ellis Island . The early report did not address
5842-506: The United States", donated the liquid nitrogen for the restoration efforts. The company's researchers also worked with the NPS in fabricating special tools for controlling the application of the liquid nitrogen. While the cryogenic method was successful in removing the top coating, it was inadequate for the removal of the two final layers of bituminous coating that were below the surface of the seven layers of lead and vinyl based paints. Victor Strauss, president of Ben Strauss Industries, tried
5969-480: The World ), a colossal sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor , underwent an extensive conservation-restoration between 1984 and 1986, in advance of its centennial. The statue, designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi , is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . International attention to the Statue of Liberty's poor state was called upon the restoration of similarly-built Aimé Millet 's Vercingétorix statue in eastern France. Much of
6096-1086: The adventure of life as it comes; to be free as the wind – as free as the tall ships themselves. It's fitting, then, that this procession should take place in honor of Lady Liberty. Participants in Operation Sail 1986: Later, the Boston Pops Orchestra conducted by John Williams conducted a concert of classic American music at Liberty State Park in New Jersey (the closest landmass to Liberty Island itself). It also featured musical performances from (in order) John Denver , Melissa Manchester , Clamma Dale with Simon Estes , Joel Grey , Whitney Houston , Johnny Cash , James Whitmore , and Barry Manilow . Also in attendance were notables such as Steven Spielberg , Amy Irving , Robert Dole , NYC Mayor Ed Koch , NY State Governor Mario Cuomo , Mr. and Mrs. Henry Kissinger , Itzhak Perlman , Cardinal O'Connor , Don King , Pierre Salinger , June Carter Cash , Alan Shepard , Diahann Carroll , and Coretta Scott King . This
6223-442: The architects on the project assured the reporter that despite the misalignment, "cosmetic changes" to the statue would not take place. Several commentators on the historic restoration project seemed to have reiterated a similar guiding sentiment: that preservation rather than unnecessary replacement would be the objective of the current restoration effort. This was quite reassuring, in the light of proposals put forward early on during
6350-424: The attendant difficulties of removing the different layers of paint without further damaging the statue. The researchers finally decided upon an innovative cryogenic removal method, in which liquid nitrogen was sprayed on the paint-covered surface. The liquid nitrogen would embrittle the layers of the paint at −320 °F (−195.6 °C), causing the cracking paint to lose the adherent properties it once possessed. It
6477-556: The bar was photographed; the image is in the June 1986 issue of Smithsonian magazine. The torch was removed from the statue on July 4, 1984. An article in The New York Times from October 8, 1984, stated that the new torch was to be completed in the same manner that the old torch was made in 14 months by ten craftsmen from Les metalliers Champenois based in Reims, and that a workshop at the statue's base on Liberty Island had been made accessible to
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#17330846271536604-422: The bars are not connected to the copper skin, but are held in place by the copper saddles that are riveted into the copper skin). An article in The New York Times of December 17, 1985 indicated that the most serious internal problem with the statue was the corrosion that had taken place in the iron armatures which provide the support to the copper sheathing. Eiffel knew that galvanic reaction would immediately pose
6731-453: The better-known bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel, who had finished the remainder of the work on the statue, and who is generally credited for the statue's remarkable structure. The second hypothesis was that the Americans, after having uncrated the different sections of the statue in 1886, incorrectly reassembled the structural framework. The third hypothesis is that the statue's creator, Bartholdi,
6858-464: The centennial celebration of the Statue of Liberty began in 1979. The centennial conservation-restoration project was formed by the National Park Service (NPS), the custodians of the statue since 1933, to investigate possible development alternatives. A report titled "Analysis of Alternatives", published in December 1980, proposed measures to remedy the certain conditions confronting visitors to
6985-423: The cleaning and painting of the Statue of Liberty, Ben Strauss Industries of New York, used over $ 90,000 worth of aluminum oxide supplied by Norton Corp. of Massachusetts to blast the corroded layer of iron from the rusting frame. Several coating removal methods for the interior copper were ruled out. According to the evaluative research completed, the abrasive removal method (involving aluminum oxide) could damage
7112-449: The conditions of the Statue in further detail, as many of the French consultants were unfamiliar with the construction procedures and standards, and the design and business practices employed in the United States. The inclusion of American participation was of obvious and pragmatic necessity to the restoration work that lay ahead. Several architects, structural engineers, and representatives from
7239-460: The contractor found it removed coal tar but did not harm copper. A small yet powerful sandblasting tool that would sandblast and vacuum simultaneously was developed specifically for the removal of the stubborn coating. Ben Strauss Industries worked with the Blast and Vac company of Bolivar, Ohio to design "a standard blasting nozzle inside a vacuum cleaner head" to prevent excessive dust from forming in
7366-455: The crown of the statue had been recently abandoned. A double level hydraulic glass elevator would be installed inside the base of the statue from which visitors would be able to access the crown by ascending a few steps. Much of the interior had been reconstructed, with a great deal of emphasis placed on enhancing the visitors experience, as the original structure was not devised with the visitor in mind, poor lighting conditions, no ventilation and
7493-411: The current hits of the musical theater, and an occasional novelty number. Allowing for some changes of taste over the course of a century, the early programs were remarkably similar to the Boston Pops programs of today. The Boston Pops had seventeen conductors before 1930, when Arthur Fiedler began a fifty-year tenure as the first American-born conductor to lead the orchestra. Under Fiedler's direction,
7620-444: The disjointed rivets. Some of the seams and holes were still sealed and coated with a coal tar paint applied in 1911. The streaks of coal tar paint from when it had been applied 74 years earlier were still visible during the restoration efforts. Black tar streaks from these so-called "weep holes" were running down the exterior of the statue and had altered the patina of the external copper sheathing. An atmospheric research scientist and
7747-472: The erection of the scaffolding surrounding the outside of the statue would begin in the fall of 1983, and it was still believed in July 1983 that the restoration would begin sometime in the fall. NPS representatives retracted and revised the earlier announcement concerning the closure of the Island to the public; Liberty Island would in fact remain open and closings would be intermittent and only for several days at
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#17330846271537874-462: The ever-deteriorating physical condition of the statue, which was already readily apparent. The French American Committee for the Restoration of the Statue of Liberty was formed in May 1981. The Department of the Interior (of which the National Park Service is a bureau) later that month, on May 26, agreed to a working relationship with the Committee. In June 1981, the Committee was incorporated as
8001-504: The exterior patina of the statue. Screw jacks were used to brace the aluminum against the granite pedestal of the statue. More easily an interior scaffolding was developed made of interlocking pipes held together with friction clamps and anchored to the central pylon of the statue for structural support. The twenty UBS workers often resorted to assembling the interior scaffolding when the severe winds and dreadful winter weather conditions prevented them from continuing their work outside. Once
8128-414: The founder of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, wrote of his wish to present in Boston "concerts of a lighter kind of music". The Boston Pops Orchestra was founded to present this kind of music to the public, with the first concert performed on July 11, 1885, under the leadership of Adolf Neuendorff . Called the "Promenade Concerts" until 1900, these performances combined light classical music , tunes from
8255-411: The global COVID-19 pandemic of early 2020–21. Keith Lockhart reassured patrons that the 2020 Spring Season would be performed the following year, although it would now be marking his 26th anniversary as conductor. Opening Night 2021 was Wednesday, May 5 at 8 pm and featured "An Evening with Penn & Teller", to be repeated on Thursday, May 6 at 8 pm. The Boston-based group Guster joined
8382-535: The greater-Boston metro area. For the 2002 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with Maureen McGovern , who paid tribute to the centennial of legendary and iconic Broadway composer Richard Rodgers by performing " My Favorite Things " (from The Sound of Music ), and Barry Manilow , who paid tribute to and acknowledged the September 11 attacks when performing his 1976 hit " Weekend in New England ." For
8509-413: The interior of the statue by sucking the abrasive and coating chips into a tank. A commercial grade bicarbonate of soda, manufactured by Arm & Hammer was donated by the ton and applied as the cleaning agent that would be abrasive yet gentle on the copper sheathing. Because baking soda absorbs moisture in the air, dehumidifiers were installed at the compressor pumping air to the blasting tools to keep
8636-425: The interior of the statue, the architects and engineers knew that a coating system far more suitable than any of the preexisting applications that had been used would need to be implemented to protect the iron of the statue's interior. The coating would have to be able to provide protection against corrosion in a marine environment and have to have a zero level VOC ( volatile organic compound ) emission rating. A coating
8763-433: The interior scaffolding was installed, a thorough evaluative survey of the interior coatings was executed. The acknowledged presumption of most involved in the restoration was that all coatings would be removed from the interior metals, that repairs would be made, that metals would be recoated, and the interior would be adequately weatherproofed. The preexisting interior coatings on both the secondary wrought iron framework and
8890-417: The intricate contours of the statue as well. Furthermore, the exterior scaffolding had to maintain a distance of at least 18 inches from any exposed section of the copper sheathing . The 6,000 or so separate components of the scaffold, made of a high load capacity aluminum (alloy 6061 T6), were unloaded onto Liberty Island on January 23, 1984. Aluminum was used to prevent possible rust stains from affecting
9017-407: The iron bars. 316L stainless steel was selected to replace the approximately 1800 iron armature bars, and Ferralium , a high chromium stainless steel alloy , was chosen to replace the flat bars that connect the secondary framework to the armature. As the armatures provide the structural support for the copper skin, it was determined that no more than four bars from each of four different sections of
9144-408: The layers of paint on the central pylon, the French consultants also suggested that the layers of paint covering it be removed. Two alternative proposals for modernizing the stairway within the statue were also proposed. From these preliminary observations, a number of preservation and replacement priorities were made. The white paper was further assessed and scrutinized by the NPS and other officials at
9271-483: The license for the coating to Shane Associates of Wynnewood, Pennsylvania . In 1982, a company called Inorganic Coatings (IC), based in Malvern, Pennsylvania , signed an agreement with the former company to become the sole manufacturer and sales agent of the zinc silicate variant. The protective coating was renamed IC 531, but much like the original coating developed by NASA was a high-ratio waterborne zinc silicate. The IC 531
9398-402: The likelihood of implementing either of the following options to address the misalignment issue: the option of rebuilding the arm-shoulder connection as Eiffel had envisioned it, or they could strengthen the preexisting misalignment by adding new diagonal bracing and steel plates. The latter option would have the intended effect of further reinforcing the repairs that had been made when the problem
9525-569: The misalignments are undetermined, but a few hypotheses have been suggested. The first hypothesis proposed was that Viollet le Duc—the engineer who initially worked on the project with Bartholdi and who designed the structural reinforcement of the arm and the head (displayed in 1876 at the Centennial exhibition in Philadelphia) had died after having completed those two sections—and had employed engineering methods that differed significantly from those of
9652-533: The morning of July 4, 1986, the battleships and sailing ships of old took part in a naval revue down the Hudson River , including the largest flotilla of tall ships to assemble in modern history. Reagan viewed the ships from USS Iowa . He described the ships as a personification of freedom and liberty: Perhaps, indeed, these vessels embody our conception of liberty itself: to have before one no impediments, only open spaces; to chart one's own course and take
9779-411: The most serious problem affecting the statue: that two predominant sections, the torch-bearing arm and the rest platform at the head level, had corroded significantly. The report also alluded to the corroded girders toward the top of the pedestal and the bottom of the central pylon . The report also discussed the serious structural problems associated with the long-ago deteriorated insulating layer between
9906-487: The music of Jacques Offenbach ), and recorded the same music seven years later in stereophonic sound, their first venture in multitrack recording. Fiedler is also credited with having begun the annual tradition of the Fourth of July Pops concert and fireworks display on the Esplanade, one of the best-attended Independence Day celebrations in the country with estimated crowds of 200,000–500,000 people. Also during Fiedler's tenure,
10033-481: The national anthem. For the 2008 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with Rascal Flatts , who performed " Life Is A Highway " and " Every Day ". For the 2009 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with Neil Diamond , who performed " Sweet Caroline ", " Forever in Blue Jeans ", " Cracklin' Rosie ", and " America ". During the 2010 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra celebrated its 125th season and
10160-430: The newly created foundation, but reiterated most of the proposed measures (concerning the statue) of the earlier 1980 report "Analysis of Alternatives" (such as numbered ticketing systems, etc.). Earlier in 1982, the French American Committee began looking for U.S. consultants to complement the technical work already begun by the four French consultants. They would need to prepare a detailed diagnostic report to investigate
10287-622: The occasion of Bernstein's centennial later that year. In addition to celebrating Bernstein's centennial, the orchestra presented concert versions of both On The Town and " West Side Story In Concert". They "Danced to the Movies", and were joined by tenor Alfie Boe who "Rocked the Pops" with them. The Pops were joined by Ashley Brown , Josh Strickland , Alton Fitzgerald White and Merle Dandridge to perform beloved songs from 9 Tony Award -winning and Academy Award -winning scores to " Disney 's Broadway Hits". The orchestra also performed "The Best of
10414-485: The orchestra on Friday, May 7 and Saturday, May 8 at 8 pm to continue their orchestral performances. Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back was shown Wednesday, May 12 at 8 pm, Thursday, May 13 at 8 pm, Saturday, May 15 at 3 pm and Saturday, May 22nd at 3 pm. " Songs of America with Jon Meacham " was the program for Tuesday, May 18 at 8 pm (also Arthur Fiedler Night 2021) and Wednesday, May 19 at 8 pm. The Pops were joined by Meacham and
10541-599: The orchestra opened with "The Very Best of the Boston Pops with Jason Alexander ", conducted by Keith Lockhart. "The Very Best of the Boston Pops" was conducted by Lockhart and performed on select nights throughout the season, giving audiences both a chance to see what the orchestra was capable of performing (given the various selections from their vast library of compositions) as well as the opportunity to select which dates worked best for them. These performances were given on Thursday, May 8, Friday, May 9, Tuesday, May 27th ( Arthur Fiedler Night 2014), and Friday, June 13. During
10668-408: The orchestra since being named conductor, including Ben Folds , Rockapella , Guster , My Morning Jacket , Aimee Mann , Kelly Clarkson , and Elvis Costello . Glee star Matthew Morrison performed with the orchestra. The 2014 Spring Season was announced towards the end of February 2014, with the title "The Very Best of the Boston Pops". Opening Night was Wednesday, May 7 at 8 pm, and
10795-648: The orchestra's popularity spread far beyond Boston through recordings, radio and television. Unhappy with the reputation of classical music as being solely for affluent concertgoers, Fiedler made efforts to bring classical music to a wider audience. He instituted a series of free concerts at the Hatch Shell on the Esplanade , a public park beside the Charles River . Fiedler insisted that the Pops Orchestra play popular music as well as well-known classical pieces, opening up
10922-484: The piece by Peter Boyer and Lynn Ahrens to be used during their 125th season. For the 2014 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra performed with actors Julia Udine and Ben Jacoby from the 2014 U.S. touring production of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's musical The Phantom of the Opera , and The Beach Boys , who performed " Fun, Fun, Fun ", " Good Vibrations ", and " Surfin' USA ". For the 2015 Fireworks Spectacular, Lockhart and
11049-500: The post of principal Pops conductor in 1995. Lockhart continues to conduct the Boston Pops today. Williams is Laureate Conductor of the Pops and conducts the Pops at Symphony Hall and Tanglewood . Lockhart has brought in numerous pop-music acts and icons in addition to Broadway greats (the likes of Idina Menzel , Kristin Chenoweth and Sutton Foster performed with the orchestra throughout Lockhart's first 25 years there) to play with
11176-419: The public that month. In 2019 the original torch was made a permanent exhibit in the newly constructed Statue of Liberty Museum on Liberty Island. Within the copper body of the statue is the structural support system consisting of a 97-foot (30 m) central pylon, which is the backbone of the statue. The pylon consists of four girders with horizontal and diagonal cross bracing systems, which provide support to
11303-414: The removal of the coatings on the interior copper differed from that of the other interior metals. For the preparation of the wrought iron parts of the statue, an abrasive removal method also known as dry sandblasting was implemented in order to prevent against flash rusting. The low dusting abrasive material used in the dry sandblasting technique was aluminum oxide. The contractor firm responsible for much of
11430-545: The responsibility for finding a corporate sponsor for the $ 2 million cost. On March 7, 2017, it was announced that Eaton Vance and Bloomberg L.P. had been signed on as sponsors of the concert under a three-year deal, and that the telecast of the event would move from WBZ-TV / CBS to Bloomberg Television . For the 2017 Fireworks Spectacular, Lockhart and the Pops performed with actor Leslie Odom Jr. (of Hamilton: An American Musical fame), 1990s pop singer Melissa Etheridge , and pop singer Andy Grammer , in addition to
11557-431: The restoration efforts and proposed to donate their expertise to the restoration effort as it would afford them with an opportunity to study the effects of the atmosphere on the hundred-year-old copper structure. Copper was considered as a possible alternative metal for the replication of the "puddled" iron armatures but was ruled out. The NPS performed tests to assess the suitability of possible replacement materials for
11684-443: The restoration efforts such as the following: "cleaning and polishing of the statue's exterior; demolition of the statue, selling of the copper and the use of the funds raised to build an exact duplicate in fiberglass; the application of an epoxy coating to the exterior and the construction of a competing monument..." An article in The New York Times of February 8, 1984, mentioned that the idea to have an elevator that would reach to
11811-429: The restoration work. He then unveiled the Statue for the first time since its restoration. This was followed by musical performances by Neil Diamond (who sang " They're Coming to America "), Frank Sinatra (who sang " The House I Live In "), Jose Feliciano and Diane Schuur singing a duet ("The American Wedding Song"), as well as dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov , among others. Ted Koppel of ABC News Nightline presented
11938-402: The score to Star Wars: A New Hope in its entirety, live to picture on May 10 and 11 (both the 3om matinee and the 8 pm concert), and 14. The 2020 Spring Season was announced on Wednesday, February 26, 2020, with a special acknowledgement towards Lockhart's 25th anniversary as conductor. On April 8, the Boston Symphony Orchestra announced that their spring season would be postponed due to
12065-513: The season with Queen Latifah , and went on to host such events as " Mamma Mia ! Mother's Day with the Music of ABBA ", working with Ben Folds, "Gospel Night" in its 25th anniversary with Floyd and the Boston Pops Gospel Choir; Leslie Odom Jr. in his orchestral debut after starring in Hamilton: An American Musical ; performing a tribute to The Beatles with Larry "Cha-Chi" Loprete as the host; "Parting with The B-52s ", and giving
12192-497: The secondary framework and to the armature, and a 40-foot-long (12 m) extension that supports the raised arm and torch. It had been a well-documented fact that since at least 1932 (when the War Department reinforced the arm-shoulder structure), that the support for the shoulder of the upheld arm had been misaligned. Then, it was discovered that the arch that supports the head of the statue had also been misaligned. The cause(s) of
12319-459: The spikes of the crown to damage a section of the torch-bearing arm. The "13 trouble spots of the statue" were visually emphasized in a front-page article in The New York Times of July 20, 1983. The head was 2 feet (61 cm) off center and the upheld arm was 18 inches (46 cm) away from where it was designed to be. With the computer simulations of the CAD program, the architects were able to assess
12446-435: The stainless steel to rust, and then dipped in nitric acid for protection. The "long term service behavior" of 316L stainless steel , according to a professor of metallurgy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who had some involvement in the early stages of the restoration effort, was not known. The replacement bars of the iron grid system were insulated from the copper with a PTFE (Teflon) polymer resin tape produced by
12573-420: The statue (for a total of sixteen bars) be removed at any given time. These were then replicated mostly by eye, and the replacements installed within 36 hours of the removal of the original. An art restoration company working along with a steel contractor undertook the difficult task. Replacement bars were annealed and sandblasted to remove iron filings and other contaminants that would or could eventually cause
12700-479: The statue (when it had been given), and too few photographs documenting the condition of the statue since its construction that were relevant to the maintenance of the statue. The NPS vowed to support the historical documentation effort, and a photographer was hired to photograph the entirety of the restoration—before, during, and after. Owing to this decision, an archive of two hundred large format photographs—both black and white, and multicolor—were developed for NPS and
12827-399: The tools from clogging. Once the coal tar was stripped, the baking soda leaked through the holes and crevices in the sheathing, and was affecting the coloration of the patina on the external side of the statue so the workers would rinse the outer surface of the statue, to prevent the baking soda from turning the green patina of the statue blue . Once the layers of paint had been removed from
12954-403: The two metals when it was constructed, but the ingeniously devised system had broken down over time and was compromising the structural stability of many different components. The insulating layer had lost much of its functional isolating capacity due to exposure to interior condensation, leakage and possibly from other variable atmospheric effects of the marine environment. It had deteriorated into
13081-472: The underlying layer of the copper substrate. Highly flammable and toxic chemical removal methods were ruled out, as they would have been far too time-consuming and could have negatively affected the delicate patina of the exterior (if seepage of the chemicals were to have occurred). Two researchers, an architectural conservator from Columbia University and a historical architect working for the (North Atlantic Historic Preservation Center) NAHPC sought to address
13208-420: The veracity of the third hypothesis. The most significant problems were consequences of poor design and construction choices implemented initially, but Eiffel could not have directly been responsible for such glaring mistakes according to the (same) architect. Computer aided design drawings were used to illustrate how the head and the hand wielding the torch had been misaligned, and how the misalignment had caused
13335-410: The wind bearing capacity of the structure within the statue. From November 7, 1982, public announcements were made by project officials that the Statue of Liberty would be completely closed to the public for as long as one year beginning in 1984. The statue had been closed only once before for such an extended period of time, and that was at one point in the late 1930s. Later announcements stated that
13462-399: The world-premiere of Sondheim on Sondheim with Philip Boykin, Carmen Cusak, Gabriel Ebert , and Lisa Howard as the vocalists. The 2018 Spring Season was announced on Monday, February 26, 2018, and featured a season-long celebration and tribute to Leonard Bernstein 's centennial. During the 2018 Pops Spring season, the orchestra worked with both Leslie Odom Jr. and Andy Grammer (who
13589-403: The wrought iron central pylon would be removed along with the multiple layers of coal tar and paint that had been applied to the internal copper sheathing. An article in The New York Times of February 8, 1984, mentioned that the interior copper which was at that time painted "government green" would be cleaned to resemble the salmon color of a new penny . That outermost "government green" layer
13716-483: Was Saturday, June 12 at 8 pm. The Pops were conducted by Charles Floyd, and Smokie Norful was the special guest. The Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular is annually performed by the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra on the banks of the Charles River at the Esplanade (sometimes referred to by locals as the "Oval") of the Hatch Memorial Shell in Boston, Massachusetts , every Fourth of July . It
13843-611: Was a vinyl paint applied in 1975. Because certain sections that had corroded were hidden beneath the layers of coatings, no attempt was made to salvage any of the seven layers of paint, (consisting of a base coat of red lead primer plus six additional coats) and the two layers of bituminous paint (a coal tar coating) that had been used as a water sealant in the statues interior around 1911. The three available coating removal methods tested, developed (or not) and implemented (or not) were: thermal coating removal, abrasive coating removal and chemical coating removal. The methods contemplated for
13970-473: Was aesthetically dissatisfied when the statue was fully assembled and displayed in Paris on or just prior to July 4, 1884, and that he must have willingly sacrificed the structural integrity for his aesthetic vision. One of the main architects of the restoration project was initially convinced that the second hypothesis was correct, but according to a quoted and published statement, recent research had convinced him of
14097-582: Was announced on Monday, February 25, 2019, with the title "Boston Pops: It's A Party!" Bernadette Peters was the Opening Night headliner, with the Pops performing a tribute to the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon Landing, the world premiere of "From The Earth to the Moon and Beyond", a piece by composer James Beckel. May 9 was the annual Presidents At Pops fundraising gala held every year. The orchestra performed
14224-427: Was awarded to a company called Universal Builders Supply (UBS) Inc. on December 14, 1983. The contract stipulated that the freestanding exterior scaffold was to be completely assembled by April 27, 1984. The 240-foot-high (73 m) scaffolding was designed specifically for the statue, and required ingenuity from its designers, as it could only be attached to the granite pedestal and not the statue and had to accommodate
14351-454: Was broadcast on ABC , with Peter Jennings and Barbara Walters as commentators. ABC News had paid $ 10 million for broadcasting rights. CBS also broadcast parts of the event, including Operation Sail 1986. Christian recording artist Sandi Patty recorded a new version of " The Star-Spangled Banner ", which was played as part of the broadcast. In his book Even This I Get To Experience , television personality Norman Lear stated that he
14478-528: Was co-produced by four family-owned fireworks firms, namely the Zambelli , Grucci , Santore and Sousa families. On July 5, 1986, First Lady Nancy Reagan re-opened the statue to the public accompanied by 100 French and American young singers: Paris Boys Choir and Harlem Boys Choir . At 4:30 pm, a "Great Blimp Race" took place over the Hudson River, with four airships racing against each other for charity on
14605-527: Was conducted by N. Brock McElheran, music professor from Crane School of Music , S.U.N.Y. Potsdam, Potsdam, N.Y. The chorus also featured alumni members of the Crane School of Music Chorus. Kenneth Mack Jr. sang the National Anthem. Gregory Peck , Elizabeth Taylor and Frank Sinatra also spoke. Reagan spoke of the friendship between France and the United States with an emphasis on the workers conducting
14732-479: Was estimated that approximately 3,500 US gallons (13,000 L) of liquid nitrogen would be needed for the interior coating removal. According to the researchers, "the use of liquid nitrogen in large scale coating removal was somewhat innovative." The Linde division of the Union Carbide Corporation of Danbury, Connecticut, which at the time was almost the "largest producer of liquid atmospheric gases in
14859-414: Was followed by an address by Reagan aboard USS John F. Kennedy , and a 30-minute fireworks display and concert, scored and conducted by Joe Raposo , the highlight of the night. It was the largest fireworks display in American history, and at the time the largest in the world. The display included 22,000 aerial fireworks, launched from 30 barges and other vantage points, in addition to 18,000 set pieces. It
14986-453: Was initially noticed in 1932 by the War Department when it had jurisdiction over the statue. Regardless, the "finite element analysis" of the computer simulation showed that both solutions would work. Additional supports were also added inside the head to improve overall stability. Hence, the positions of the arm and the head would remain as they had been since they were reassembled on Bedloe's Island in 1886. According to The New York Times ,
15113-420: Was made locally famous in 1974, during which local philanthropist David G. Mugar approached legendary Pops conductor Arthur Fiedler about adding cannons and fireworks during the performance of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's famous " 1812 Overture " as well as fireworks and confetti to end John Philip Sousa 's march " The Stars and Stripes Forever ". It was a success, and they repeated it in 1975 and 1976, when it
15240-469: Was made nationally famous, and even earned a spot in the 1976 Guinness World Records for having the largest audience for a classical concert since the book's founding in 1955. It's grown since the Bicentennial, and has earned a place in local traditions ever since. The program was broadcast on WRCB (99.5 FM Boston) on the radio from 1974 to 2016, and Bloomberg Radio from 2017 to present-day (2022), and
15367-448: Was presented as special performances on Tuesday, June 1, Wednesday, June 2 and Thursday, June 3 all at 8 pm. The Pops special guests for the event were Megan Hilty and Jason Danieley . " Danny Elfman 's Music from the Films of Tim Burton " was performed on Friday, June 4 and Saturday, June 5, both at 8 pm. The Pops were conducted by Ted Sperling and were supposed to be joined by
15494-453: Was presented on television nationally (as "Pops Goes The Fourth") from 1993, 1995-2002 on A&E Network , 2002-2016 on CBS , and 2017-present-day (2022) on Bloomberg ; locally from 1984 and 1987 on WGBH-TV ; 1988 as part of the Evening at Pops series on PBS ; 1993-2001 on WCVB-TV Channel 5; 2002-2016 on WBZ-TV (Channel 4); 2017-present-day (2022) on WHDH (TV) (Channel 7) in Boston and
15621-438: Was sought for the sandblasted central pylon, and the secondary framework, and was found. In 1970, a patent was awarded to NASA for a zinc silicate primer coating called K-Zinc 531, the name owing to the ratio of silicon/potassium to water being 5:3:1. The coating had the following characteristics: it was non-toxic, non-flammable, and would dry smoothly on metals within half an hour of surface application. In 1981, NASA granted
15748-404: Was succeeded as conductor of the Boston Pops by the noted film composer John Williams . Williams continued the Pops' tradition of bringing classical music to a wide audience, initiating the annual "Pops-on-the-Heights" concerts at Boston College and adding his own library of well-known film scores (including Star Wars and Indiana Jones ) to the orchestra's repertoire. During his time with
15875-408: Was the Opening Night headliner) for the second time after successful Fourth of July performances, as well as Sutton Foster again, who performed "A Broadway Celebration" with the orchestra. Some highlights of the season were the return of Laureate Conductor and legendary film composer John Williams for his annual "Film Night" appearances, in addition to an Opening Night salute to Leonard Bernstein for
16002-521: Was the one who produced the four-day special, which he described as "my parade" of "tall ships". Lear also stated that he used the Israeli ship, The Galaxy , which set sail during the event, to host a private party celebrating his upcoming marriage to his fiancée Lyn and that he in part made the special so that it would coincide with this party as well. Restoration of the Statue of Liberty (1984%E2%80%9386) The Statue of Liberty ( Liberty Enlightening
16129-407: Was used in the restoration efforts to provide a number of the structural elements of the statue with superior corrosion resistance. Although many of the armature bars were replaced in 1937–38, the restoration effort involved the successful attempt to replace nearly every 2 by 5 ⁄ 8 inch (51 by 16 mm) ribbon-like armature bar that made up the unique internal structure of the statue (as
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