Emperor Xianzong of Tang (4 March to 1 April 778 – 14 February 820; r. 805 – 820), personal name Li Chun , né Li Chun ( 李淳 ), was an emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty . He was the eldest son of Emperor Shunzong , who reigned for less than a year in 805 and who yielded the throne to him late that year.
71-703: Li Chun or Lichun may refer to: People [ edit ] Given name "Chun" surname "Li" [ edit ] Emperor Xianzong of Tang (778–820), personal name Li Chun, emperor of the Tang dynasty Li Chun (warlord) (1867–1920), Chinese general Li Chun (diplomat) (1892–1948), Chinese diplomat Li Chun (actress) (born 1988), Chinese actress Li Qinyao (born 1988), birth name Li Chun, Chinese actress Li Zhun (1928–2000), Chinese writer, formerly romanized as Li Chun Mason Lee (李淳; born 1990), Taiwanese-American actor Places [ edit ] Lichun, Sichuan ,
142-645: A South Korean submarine Chun-Li , a character from the video game, Street Fighter Chun Li (disambiguation) Chun (disambiguation) Li (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Li Chun . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Chun&oldid=1186372708 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
213-550: A crown prince, Emperor Xianzong created his oldest son Li Ning , born of his concubine Consort Ji, crown prince. Also in 809, after the death of another warlord, Wang Shizhen the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang , Hebei ), Emperor Xianzong was initially poised to let Wang Shizhen's son Wang Chengzong inherit Chengde, after Wang Chengzong offered to surrender two of his six prefectures to imperial control. However, after Wang Chengzong reneged on his promise, Emperor Xianzong commissioned
284-471: A feast and allowed the imperial general Meng Yuanyang ( 孟元陽 ) to take control of Zhaoyi, Wang agreed to formally submit to Emperor Xianzong, claiming that it was Lu who interfered in his relationship with the imperial government. Emperor Xianzong, seeing that the campaign was making no advances, ended it and made Wang the military governor of Chengde. After the end of the Chengde campaign, Zhang Maozhao ( 張茂昭 )
355-480: A group of assassins to carry out guerilla warfare tactics around the eastern capital Luoyang , to try to disrupt the campaign against Zhangyi and to create a sense of terror among the officials and the people. When the imperial pressure on Zhangyi still being unrelenting, with the imperial generals Wu Chongyin and Li Guangyan frequently dealing Zhangyi troops defeats (although imperial troops were unable to decisively defeat Zhangyi), Li Shidao decided to assassinate
426-622: A key leader of the "Li Party.") Also around that time, the Shatuo tribes, which had long been vassals of Tang's long-term adversary Tufan , fearing that Tufan was set to move them to the interior of the Tufan state, rebelled against Tufan and surrendered to Tang, under the leadership of Zhuxie Zhiyi ( 朱邪執宜 ). They were initially settled at Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern Yinchuan , Ningxia ) and later moved to Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan , Shanxi ); their chieftains of
497-480: A large hole in the ground, and when Cui arrived, he had Cui thrown into the hole and buried alive. It was also around this time that Li Qi, trying to ensure his future safety, began to expand his forces. In particular, he selected the strongest archers and made them into a special Wanqiang Corps ( 挽強 ), while selected the ethnically Xiongnu or Xi soldiers and made them into a special Fanluo Corps ( 蕃落 ). The Wanqiang and Fanluo soldiers were paid 10 times as much as
568-576: A petition to Li Chun as well requesting that he take power away from Wang Pi, Wang Shuwen, and Li Zhongyan. On August 26, an edict was issued in Emperor Shunzong's name for Li Chun to serve as regent. Thereafter, the imperial officials began to report to Li Chun. On August 31, Emperor Shunzong further issued an edict yielding the throne to Li Chun, taking for himself the title of "Retired Emperor" ( Taishang Huang ) and creating Li Chun's mother Consort Wang "Retired Empress." On September 5, Li Chun took
639-446: A result of Li Jifu's accusations, Wang, Pei, Yang, and Wei were all demoted, and it was said that while no harm came to Niu, Li Zongmin, and Huangfu at that time, they were effectively stuck at the positions they previously served without promotion. As a result, they all sought positions as staff members of military governors. (Niu and Li Zongmin would later become key leaders of the "Niu Party," while Li Jifu's son Li Deyu would become
710-400: A stroke and became unable to speak. When Emperor Dezong fell gravely ill in spring 805, Li Song was unable to visit him, and Emperor Dezong, distressed over this, died soon thereafter. After Emperor Dezong's death, the eunuchs in the palace initially considered supporting another person as emperor, but due to the objections of the imperial scholars Wei Cigong ( 衛次公 ) and Zheng Yin , Li Song
781-617: A town in Pengzhou, Sichuan, China Other topics [ edit ] Lichun , a solar term in East Asian Calendars And the Spring Comes , a 2007 Chinese film by Gu Changwei See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "lichun" or "li-chun" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles containing li-chun All pages with titles containing lichun ROKS Lee Chun (SS-062) ,
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#1732884911005852-467: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Emperor Xianzong of Tang Once emperor, Emperor Xianzong set out to curb the power of the military governors ( Jiedushi ), and, when they would not heed his orders, he waged wars against them. His initial campaigns were quite successful, and Xianzong's army defeated warlords such as Liu Pi , Yang Huilin ( 楊惠琳 ) in 806 and Li Qi in 807. In 813, after
923-491: Is this Wang Dan who dares to give orders?" The soldiers rushed into the headquarters and killed Wang, eating his body. When the officer Zhao Qi ( 趙琦 ) tried to comfort and stop the soldiers, the soldiers also killed Zhao and ate his body. When the soldiers dragged the imperial eunuch out, Li Qi pretended to be surprised and personally went to rescue the eunuch. Meanwhile, on November 8, 807, Emperor Xianzong, issued an edict recalling Li Qi to serve as Zuo Pushe ( 左僕射 ), one of
994-399: The chancellor Wei Zhiyi —became the key decision-makers. It was said that this group of individuals feared Li Chun for his intelligence and decisiveness, and initially, Li Chun was not created crown prince. However, the eunuchs Ju Wenzhen ( 俱文珍 ), Liu Guangqi ( 劉光琦 ), and Xue Yingzhen ( 薛盈珍 ), all of whom were favored by Emperor Dezong and who lost their power in the new regime, summoned
1065-425: The eunuch Tutu Chengcui to command the imperial troops to attack Chengde. (As a result of this campaign's launch, when another warlord, Wu Shaocheng the military governor of Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern Zhumadian , Henan ) subsequently died, he was unable to act against Wu Shaocheng's subordinate Wu Shaoyang , who seized control of the circuit, and was forced to commission Wu Shaoyang, much to
1136-679: The Prince of Huai'an, a cousin of Tang's founding emperor Emperor Gaozu . During the reign of Emperor Suzong, Li Guozhen was killed by soldier mutineers in the service of the imperial cause and, because of Li Guozhen's contributions, Emperor Suzong's grandson Emperor Dezong , during middle of the Zhenyuan era (785-805), had Li Qi serve as the prefect of Hu Prefecture (湖州, in modern Huzhou , Zhejiang ) and then Hang Prefecture (杭州, in modern Hangzhou , Zhejiang ). As Li Qi often sent bribes to Emperor Dezong's close associate Li Qiyun ( 李齊運 ), in 799, Li Qi, who
1207-479: The Prince of Sui, born of his wife, Consort Guo (formerly the Princess of Guangling), crown prince and changed Li You's name to Li Heng, even though he had an older son, Li Kuan ( 李寬 ) the Prince of Li, as it was viewed by officials such as Cui Qun that Li Heng, born of a wife rather than a concubine, was the proper heir. Still, despite repeated petitions by the officials to create Consort Guo empress, Emperor Xianzong
1278-518: The Zhuxie clan were given the area of Huanghuadui (黃花堆, in modern Shuozhou , Shanxi ) as their base of operations. (The Shatuo would eventually become a major part of the Tang army, and would yet later yield the ruling families of Later Tang , Later Jin , and Later Han , after Tang's end.) In 809, after much urging by the imperial scholars (翰林學士, Hanlin Xueshi ), led by Li Jiang , that he needed to have
1349-407: The acting military governor. However, Liu then made further demands to be given two neighboring circuits—Dongchuan (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang , Sichuan ) and Shannan West (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong , Shaanxi )—as well. When Emperor Xianzong refused his demand, he launched an attack on Dongchuan's capital prefecture Zi Prefecture ( 梓州 ) in spring 806. At the suggestion of
1420-416: The aftermaths of the Chengde campaign, Tutu Chengcui was demoted and, later, after he was involved in a corruption scandal, sent out of the capital to serve as the eunuch monitor for Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou , Jiangsu ). In 811, at Li Jifu's suggestion, Emperor Xianzong appointed several officials—Duan Pingzhong ( 段平仲 ), Wei Guanzhi, Xu Mengrong ( 許孟容 ), and Li Jiang—to review
1491-479: The assassination.) Consorts and Issue: Li Qi (Tang dynasty) Li Qi (李錡; 741 – December 3, 807 ) was a military governor ( Jiedushi ) of the Chinese Tang dynasty , governing Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang , Jiangsu ). In 807, he rebelled against the authority of Emperor Xianzong , but he was quickly defeated and captured by his own subordinates who turned against him, and he
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#17328849110051562-585: The attendant to Li Chun's studies. However, it appeared that Li Chun disliked Wang Shunwen and his associates, and whenever Lu tried to speak to him on political matters, Li Chun angrily responded, "His Imperial Majesty commissioned you, sir, to teach me about the classics . Why do you discuss other matters?" By summer 805, a group of military governors ( Jiedushi ) that Wang Shuwen had disputes with— Wei Gao , Pei Jun ( 裴均 ), and Yan Shou ( 嚴綬 )—were submitting petitions to Emperor Shunzong requesting that he let Li Chun serve as regent, and Wei Gao further submitted
1633-495: The campaign against Chengde (although he did not pardon Wang). Meanwhile, Pei Du volunteered to head to the Zhangyi front to oversee the operation, and Emperor Xianzong agreed. Later in the year, Li Su the military governor of Tangsuideng Circuit (唐隨鄧, headquartered in modern Zhumadian ) launched a surprise attack against Zhangyi's capital Cai Prefecture ( 蔡州 ), catching its defenders off guard and capturing it, seizing Wu Yuanji. Wu
1704-607: The campaign against Liu not over by that point, that he should not wage another campaign, and therefore allowed Li Shidao to inherit Pinglu. After Liu's and Yang's destruction, another warlord, Li Qi the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang , Jiangsu ) became apprehensive, and, as a means of showing loyalty, requested to go to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xianzong. He did not actually intend to do so, however, and after Emperor Xianzong not only approved, but issued an edict summoning him when he did not depart Zhenhai immediately, rebelled against
1775-440: The capital Chang'an , so he delayed his departure several times, despite urgings by the imperial eunuch and Wang for him to depart. Li Qi instead submitted a petition claiming illness and asking to delay the journey to 808. When Emperor Xianzong requested the chancellors' comments, Wu Yuanheng pointed out that Emperor Xianzong needed to assert imperial authority — and that Li Qi's offer to pay homage to him and then refusal to do so
1846-471: The chancellor Du Huangchang , Emperor Xianzong commissioned the general Gao Chongwen to attack Liu, assisted by the generals Li Yuanyi ( 李元奕 ) and Yan Li ( 嚴礪 ). In fall 806, Gao captured Xichuan's capital Chengdu and delivered Liu to the capital Chang'an to be executed. Also in spring 806, Yang Huilin, the nephew of the general Han Quanyi ( 韓全義 ) the military governor of Xiasui Circuit (夏綏, headquartered in modern Yan'an , Shaanxi ), seized control of
1917-413: The chancellor Wu Yuanheng , whom Emperor Xianzong had put in charge of the campaign against Zhangyi, as well as the official Pei Du , a major proponent of the campaign. In summer 814, assassins that Li Shidao sent killed Wu Yuanheng and wounded Pei, terrifying the officials and the people at Chang'an. Emperor Xianzong's resolve against Zhangyi did not change, however, and when he came to believe that Wang
1988-413: The chancellors discussed alternatively that Li Qi's brothers be executed, Jiang further pointed out how Li Guozhen had died in imperial service, and that his descendants should be allowed to survive. The chancellors agreed and only exiled Li Qi's cousins. On December 3, Li Qi arrived at Chang'an. Emperor Xianzong personally questioned him as to why he rebelled.Li Qi responded, "I did not want to rebel. It
2059-582: The circuit after Han had been ordered to retire and resisted imperial orders. With imperial forces approaching Xiasui's capital Xia Prefecture ( 夏州 ), Yang was quickly killed by his own subordinate Zhang Chengjin ( 張承金 ), ending his rebellion. Around the same time, the warlord Li Shigu , the military governor of the powerful Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an , Shandong ), died, and his subordinates supported his brother Li Shidao to succeed him. Du advocated trying to divest Pinglu of some of its territory, but Emperor Xianzong, believing that with
2130-599: The empire was under imperial authority again. Later historians referred to Emperor Xianzong's reign as the Yuanhe Restoration ( 元和中興 ). Emperor Xianzong's reign briefly stabilized Tang from the destructive forces of the military governors, but saw the rise of the power of eunuchs . Emperor Xianzong himself was allegedly murdered by the eunuch Chen Hongzhi ( 陳弘志 ) in 820. (There were nagging suspicions, never proven, that Xianzong's wife Consort Guo and her son Li Heng (the later Emperor Muzong) were involved.) Li Chun
2201-479: The governmental structure, to streamline it, reduce the number of officials who were not carrying out any crucial tasks, and revise the officials' wage scale. Later in the year, with Emperor Xianzong believing that Li Jifu had often used his own personal likes and dislikes to decide on his policies, he promoted Li Jiang to be a chancellor as well, to counterbalance Li Jifu. Around the new year 812, Li Ning died. In fall 812, Emperor Xianzong created another son Li You
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2272-508: The heads of the executive bureaus of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng ) and naming the official Li Yuansu ( 李元素 ) as his replacement as military governor of Zhenghai. The next day, Li Qi submitted a report claiming that a mutiny had led to Wang's and Zhao's deaths, apparently seeking to be allowed to remain. Meanwhile, though, he also secretly ordered five military officers that he had stationed at five prefectures under his jurisdiction — Su, Chang, Hu, Hang, and Mu (睦州, in modern Hangzhou) — to kill
2343-438: The imperial forces were repeatedly dealing defeats to Pinglu troops. Meanwhile, it was said that after the victory over Zhangyi, Emperor Xianzong began to be arrogant and extravagant in his lifestyle, and he favored such officials as Huangfu Bo and Cheng Yi , whom he believed to be capable of increasing revenues for palace use. He eventually made both Huangfu and Cheng chancellors, despite earnest pleas by Pei and Cui Qun, who
2414-588: The imperial government. After the rebellious general Liu Pi , who occupied Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ) was defeated and killed by imperial forces in 806, however, many regional governors became apprehensive and offered to pay homage to the new emperor. Li Qi also did so in 807, and Emperor Xianzong agreed and sent a eunuch to Zhenhai's capital Jingkou to comfort Li Qi and his soldiers. However, although Li Qi made his assistant Wang Dan ( 王儋 ) acting military governor in his anticipated absence, he did not actually intend to depart for
2485-605: The imperial government. Before imperial troops could attack him, however, he was captured by his own subordinates and delivered to Chang'an to be executed. Around that time, another warlord, Yu Di the military governor of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangfan , Hubei ), fearing Emperor Xianzong, went to Chang'an and yielded control of the circuit to the imperial government, after Emperor Xianzong had ensured Yu's loyalty by marrying his daughter Princess Puning to Yu's son Yu Jiyou ( 于季友 ). In 808, an incident occurred that, as later historians opined, precipitated
2556-502: The imperial scholars Zheng, Wei Cigong, Li Cheng , and Wang Ya to the palace to draft an edict for Emperor Shunzong creating Li Chun as crown prince, anyway. Zheng showed a piece of paper to Emperor Shunzong reading, "The Crown Prince should be the oldest son." Emperor Shunzong, who was unable to speak, nodded, and an edict was thereafter issued in late spring 805 creating Li Chun crown prince. The edict also changed Li Chun's name (from 淳 to 純—both rendered "Chun" in modern Mandarin ). It
2627-415: The issues they saw with the governance at the time. The officials that Emperor Xianzong put in charge of the examinations, Yang Yuling ( 楊於陵 ) and Wei Guanzhi ranked them high. However, the chancellor Li Jifu saw these as severe criticisms of himself, and, weeping, accused the reviewing officials, the imperial scholars Pei Ji and Wang Ya , of conflict of interest—as Huangfu was a nephew of Wang's. As
2698-417: The lament of his imperial scholar advisors, who viewed Zhangyi as a far easier target than Chengde.) The campaign against Chengde stalled, however, with one of its original major proponents, Lu Congshi ( 盧從史 ) the military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi , Shanxi ), secretly communicating with Chengde and interfering with the campaign. In summer 810, after Tutu arrested Lu at
2769-429: The later partisan struggles between the "Niu Party" and the "Li Party" that would eventually occur throughout the reigns of the five emperors after Emperor Xianzong. At a special imperial examinations where Emperor Xianzong ordered that low-level officials submit honest opinions about the government, several of the examinees— Niu Sengru , Li Zongmin , and Huangfu Shi ( 皇甫湜 ) stated, without using any veiled language,
2840-647: The military governor of Chengde's neighboring Yiwu Circuit (義武, headquartered in modern Baoding , Hebei ), who had inherited his position from his father Zhang Xiaozhong , offered to yield the circuit to imperial control, and Emperor Xianzong agreed, sending the official Ren Dijian ( 任迪簡 ) to replace Zhang Maozhao. (After Zhang's departure from Yiwu, however, the Yiwu soldiers mutinied against Ren and put him under house arrest, although eventually another group of soldiers then countered their mutiny and restored Ren, allowing Yiwu to be in imperial hands from this point on.) Also in
2911-442: The palace for three days, and encouraged the people to worship it and make donations to the temples. When the official Han Yu spoke against it, Han was exiled to be the prefect of Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou , Guangdong ). Also in spring 819, after Li Shidao became suspicious of his officer Liu Wu , who was then resisting Tian's attack, and secretly ordered Liu's deputy Zhang Xian ( 張暹 ) to execute Liu and take over
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2982-565: The prefect of Su Prefecture, who was captured by Li Qi's officer Yao Zhi'an ( 姚志安 ). On November 14, Emperor Xianzong issued an edict stripping Li Qi of his titles and of his imperial clan membership. He ordered seven circuits around Li Qi's to converge on Zhenhai. Meanwhile, Li Qi was intending to attack and capture Xuan Prefecture (宣州, in modern Xuancheng , Anhui ) due to Xuan's prosperity, and he gave 3,000 soldiers to his officers Zhang Ziliang ( 張子良 ), Li Fengxian ( 李奉仙 ), and Tian Chaoqing ( 田少卿 ) to have them attack Xuan Prefecture. However,
3053-486: The prefects and seize control, and further ordered his officer Yu Boliang ( 庾伯良 ) to prepare Shitou in anticipation of an imperial attack. However, Yan Fang ( 顏防 ) the prefect of Chang Prefecture had already heard of this and killed the officer Li Qi sent to monitor him, Li Shen ( 李深 ). Yan sent communiques to the other four prefectures ordering the other four prefects to attack the rebels, and those prefects were also able to defeat Li Qi's officers, except for Li Su ( 李素 )
3124-517: The regular soldiers, in order to garner their loyalty. They referred to him as their adopted father. It was also said that he often forced women from good households to become his concubines (one of those concubines, a Lady Zheng , would later enter the imperial palace and become the mother of Emperor Xuānzong .) Li Qi's staff members Lu Tan ( 盧坦 ) and Li Yue ( 李約 ), after being unable to persuade him to curb his actions, left his staff. Emperor Dezong died in 805, and his son Emperor Shunzong took
3195-528: The rest of Emperor Xianzong's reign, Weibo became obedient to the imperial government. In 814, Wu Shaoyang died. Emperor Xianzong did not confirm Wu Shaoyang's son Wu Yuanji as his successor. In response, Wu Yuanji began attacking the nearby circuits to create pressure on the imperial government. Emperor Xianzong declared a general campaign against Wu Yuanji. Wu sought aid from Li Shidao and Wang Chengzong, who repeatedly petitioned Emperor Xianzong to pardon Wu Yuanji, to no avail. Li Shidao thereafter retained
3266-507: The situation hopeless; instead, he escaped and tried to hide. When one of his officers, Li Jun ( 李均 ), tried to resist with 300 Wanqiang soldiers, Pei defeated and killed Li Jun. Li Qi was captured and delivered to Chang'an. The Wanqiang and Fanluo soldiers, hearing this, all committed suicide. The chancellors initially discussed executing Li Qi's cousins. The official Jiang Ai ( 蔣乂 ) pointed out that Li Qi's cousins were all Li Shentong's descendants and should not suffer this kind of fate. When
3337-439: The submission of one of the key holdouts, Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan , Hebei ) under Tian Xing , Emperor Xianzong appeared poised to reunite the empire, many parts of which had effectively been ruled independently by regional warlords. Xianzong's first setback was in 813 when he failed to defeat military governor Wang Chengzong . However, by 817, after the defeat of Li Shidao and Wang's submission, all of
3408-477: The three of them knew that Li Qi could not stand long, and they conspired with Li Qi's nephew Pei Xingli ( 裴行立 ) to act against Li Qi. The night after they departed Run Prefecture, they informed their soldiers their intentions, and the soldiers followed them back to Run Prefecture and attacked the city. When Li Qi heard that Zhang had turned against him, he initially angrily ordered resistance, but when he heard that Pei joined Zhang as well, he became saddened and found
3479-402: The throne (as Emperor Xianzong). Immediately after Emperor Xianzong's ascension to the throne, he purged the government of Wang Shuwen and Wang Pi's associates, exiling them. (He would later order Wang Shuwen to commit suicide.) Emperor Xianzong's father Emperor Shunzong died in spring 806. Some later historians would come to believe that Emperor Shunzong did not die of natural causes, but
3550-444: The throne. Soon after Emperor Shunzong became emperor, he made Li Qi the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (i.e., Zhexi) but stripped him of the position of director of salt and iron monopolies, transferring the position to the chancellor Du You . It was said that while Li Qi thus lost the lucrative economic responsibilities, he gained a military command, and therefore did not resist the orders. Later in 805, Emperor Shunzong, who
3621-552: The troops. Zhang, who was friendly with Liu, revealed Li Shidao's orders to Liu. Liu responded by launching a surprise attack on Pinglu's capital Yun Prefecture ( 鄆州 ), capturing Li Shidao and his sons and executing them, delivering their heads to Chang'an. Emperor Xianzong made Liu, who had expected to succeed Li Shidao, the military governor of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern Anyang , Henan ), and divided Pinglu into three circuits to weaken it and keep its territory under imperial control. By this point, Emperor Xianzong
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#17328849110053692-412: The two prefectures that Wang surrendered into neighboring Henghai Circuit (橫海, headquartered in modern Cangzhou , Hebei ), which had been obedient to the imperial government. Li Shidao also offered to surrender three of his 12 prefectures to imperial control and send his son as a hostage—but soon reneged on the offer. Emperor Xianzong thus declared a general campaign against his Pinglu Circuit, and soon,
3763-473: The warlord Tian Ji'an the military governor of Weibo Circuit died. With Tian Ji'an's son and designated successor Tian Huaijian being young, soon thereafter, the soldiers mutinied and supported Tian Ji'an's relative Tian Xing . Tian Xing offered to subject Weibo to imperial commands, and soon thereafter, Emperor Xianzong made Tian Xing the military governor of Weibo and changed his name to Tian Hongzheng. With Tian Hongzheng as Weibo's military governor, for
3834-434: Was Zhang Ziliang and others like him who told me to rebel." Emperor Xianzong responded, "You are the commander. If Zhang and the others were plotting treason, why did you not execute them and then come to see me?" Li Qi was unable to respond, and he was executed with his son Li Shihui ( 李師回 ) by being cut in half at the waist. His assets were confiscated by the imperial treasury; in substitution, because Li Qi's wealth came from
3905-458: Was a challenge to imperial authority. Emperor Xianzong agreed, and issued an edict summoning Li Qi to Chang'an. Li Qi, unable to think of anything else, decided to rebel. Meanwhile, Li Qi was also angered by how Wang, after being made acting military governor, was making decisions that changed his policies, and thus incited the soldiers to kill Wang. On a day when Wang and the imperial eunuch were meeting him, he had some several soldiers proclaim, "Who
3976-461: Was a chancellor by this point as well, against the move. It was said that Huangfu soon was speaking against Cui and Pei, causing both to be sent out of the capital. In spring 819, there was an occasion when Emperor Xianzong had what was alleged to be Gautama Buddha 's finger bone escorted from a temple in Fengxiang (鳳翔, in modern Baoji , Shaanxi ) to the palace in a grand ceremony, kept the bone in
4047-412: Was able to assume the throne (as Emperor Shunzong), although during Wei and Zheng's discussion with the eunuchs, the possibility of having Li Chun take the throne directly was mentioned. As Emperor Shunzong continued to be seriously ill and unable to speak, a group of his close associates—the eunuch Li Zhongyan ( 李忠言 ), his concubine Consort Niu , the imperial scholars Wang Shuwen and Wang Pi , and
4118-415: Was already waging campaigns against Wu Yuanji and Wang, he could not, and did not, declare yet another campaign against Li Shidao as well at that point.) The imperial forces sent against Zhangyi and Chengde were unsuccessful in quickly achieving final victory against them, however. In 817, with suggestion from the chancellor Li Fengji that he should concentrate on one campaign, Emperor Xianzong called off
4189-537: Was an occasion when Emperor Dezong held Li Chun on his lap and asked, "Who are you, such that you are in my lap?" His response of, "I am the third Son of Heaven " surprised Emperor Dezong, who thereafter showed him much favor. In 788, by which time Li Song (Shunzong) was crown prince, Li Chun was created the Prince of Guangling. In 793, he married Lady Guo , a daughter of the deceased general Guo Ai ( 郭曖 ) and Emperor Daizong's daughter Princess Shengping, as his wife and princess. In 804, Li Song (Shunzong) suffered
4260-461: Was apprehensive that, because of the prominent bloodlines that Consort Guo represented (being the granddaughter of the great general Guo Ziyi and the daughter of a princess), if she were created empress, other consorts would not dare to have sexual relations with him, and therefore repeatedly formed excuses with regard to not being able to find the right date to do so. He would eventually never create her (or any other consort) empress. Later in 812,
4331-458: Was born in 778, during the reign of his great-grandfather Emperor Daizong , at the Eastern Palace (i.e., the palace of his grandfather, then- Crown Prince Li Kuo ). His father Li Song was Li Kuo's oldest son, and he himself was Li Song's oldest son. His mother was Li Song's concubine Consort Wang . When Li Chun was five or six, by which time Li Kuo was emperor (as Emperor Dezong), there
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#17328849110054402-875: Was commonly believed that he was assassinated by the eunuch Chen Hongzhi. It was said, however, that Chen's eunuch colleagues declared that Emperor Xianzong had died from Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning due to the medicines that he was taking. Tutu Chengcui tried to support Li Kuan, who had been renamed Li Yun ( 李惲 ), to succeed Emperor Xianzong, but the other eunuchs Liang Shouqian ( 梁守謙 ), Ma Jintan ( 馬進潭 ), Liu Chengjie ( 劉承偕 ), Wei Yuansu ( 韋元素 ), and Wang Shoucheng , supported Li Heng, and they killed Tutu and Li Yun. Li Heng thereafter became emperor (as Emperor Muzong). (Another son of Emperor Xianzong's, Li Yi , after he became emperor in 846, would come to suspect that Consort Guo and Li Heng were involved in Emperor Xianzong's assassination, but no direct evidence tied them to
4473-410: Was delivered to the capital Chang'an and executed via waist chop . Li Qi was born in 741, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong . His father Li Ruoyou ( 李若幽 ), who was later renamed Li Guozhen ( 李國貞 ) by Emperor Xuanzong's son Emperor Suzong , was a member of Tang dynasty 's imperial Li clan — his fifth-generation ancestor was one of the contributors to Tang's establishment, Li Shentong ( 李神通 )
4544-421: Was murdered by the same eunuchs who had supported Emperor Xianzong's ascension. Meanwhile, Wei Gao died late in 805, and his deputy Liu Pi seized power of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ), which Wei had governed, rejecting the replacement that Emperor Xianzong sent, Yuan Zi . Emperor Xianzong, believing himself to lack the power to attack Liu at this point, initially made Liu
4615-399: Was responsible for the assassination, he declared a general campaign against Wang as well. He also promoted Pei to be a chancellor. (Later, after investigations by Lü Yuanying ( 呂元膺 ) the defender of Luoyang after a plot by Li Shidao's subordinates to riot at Luoyang was foiled, Emperor Xianzong found out that Li Shidao was responsible for Wu Yuanheng's assassination, but by that point, as he
4686-461: Was said that Wang Shunwen was so concerned about Li Chun that he was heard reading from Du Fu 's poem about the Shu Han regent Zhuge Liang —"He had not even succeeded in his campaigns when he died. This often caused heroes to weep onto their collars." Wang Shuwen and Wei Zhiyi tried to see if their group could persuade Li Chun to favor their positions by having their associate Lu Zhi ( 陸質 ) serve as
4757-476: Was said that he seized the salaries of his subordinates and often killed them without good cause. A civilian from Zhexi Circuit, Cui Shanzhen ( 崔善貞 ) submitted a petition to Emperor Dezong pointing out the harm that several of Emperor Dezong's policies were having on the people, and in the petition, he accused Li Qi of crimes. Emperor Dezong read the petition and was displeased. He ordered Cui arrested and delivered to Li Qi. Li Qi, in anticipation of Cui's arrival, dug
4828-466: Was seriously ill, yielded the throne to his son Emperor Xianzong . By this point, it was commonly thought that Li Qi would eventually rebel — so much so that when the official Du Jian ( 杜兼 ) was made the prefect of Su Prefecture (蘇州, in modern Suzhou , Jiangsu ) late in 805, Du declined on the basis that he believed that Li Qi would soon rebel and that Du and his clan would be killed in the rebellion. Emperor Xianzong accepted Du's rationale and kept him at
4899-468: Was subsequently delivered to Chang'an to be executed, and the imperial troops under Pei took over Zhangyi. After Wu Yuanji's execution, Li Shidao and Wang Chengzong both became fearful. In 818, Wang offered to surrender two prefectures to imperial control and send his two sons to Chang'an to serve as hostages . He also sought intercession from Tian Hongzheng. With Tian also requesting that Emperor Xianzong accept his offer, Emperor Xianzong did so, merging
4970-438: Was taking medicines made by the alchemist Liu Mi ( 柳泌 ), who claimed that he could bring the emperor immortality . It was said that as a result of these medicines, Emperor Xianzong was becoming increasingly thirsty and irritable. It was said that he was so easily angered that the eunuchs serving him were often punished or even executed for minor faults, causing them to be fearful of him. In spring 820, he died suddenly, and it
5041-520: Was then referred to as the prefect of Chang Prefecture (常州, in modern Changzhou , Jiangsu ) was further made the prefect of Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern Zhenjiang , Jiangsu ) and governor (觀察使, Guanchashi ) of Zhexi Circuit (浙西, headquartered at Run Prefecture) as well as the director of salt and iron monopolies (鹽鐵使, Yantieshi ). He further made tributes to Emperor Dezong, drawing Emperor Dezong's favor. As he knew he had Emperor Dezong's favor, he became arrogant and unrestrained in his behavior, and it
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