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43-620: Starting in 2015, the GAZ Group has introduced a single brand for all its bus manufacturing subsidiaries, and newly manufactured vehicles now feature the deer badge of the GAZ company. The factory was created in 1937 as a wood processing plant LOZOD (Likino Engineered Wood Test Factory). It produced pressed wood products, as well as wood particle boards . In 1944 the factory was renamed to LiMZ (Likino Machinery Factory) and it started producing small machinery like power saws and portable generators. In 1959

86-477: A copy of the Warszawa draisine was also built with advanced changes. These draisines were regularly used in both Poland and export markets until the mid-1990s when they were massively taken off service and scrapped, which leads to only a few handful draisines surviving to this today. Moreover, in recent years, several cars have been independently adapted to non-original draisines by collectors. A police car version of

129-594: A fixed roof rack with a load capacity of 40 kg, reinforced suspension and wider tires. The top speed of the 223-K version was 128 km / h, and for the 224-K – 115 km / h. A draisine of the Warszawa was also produced and was used by the Polish State Railways , mainly for field trips for inspections. Production of this variant was between 1956–1973. Most draisines were sedan models although pickup models were also built. A small number of station wagons were also built for export markets. The steering system

172-500: A new four-speed gearbox. However, it failed in practice and its development was suspended. In the same year, work began on an overhead valve engine that could be used to drive the car. This engine was a copy of the Étendard engine used on the Renault Frégate , and started being put on Warszawa models in 1962. The first major modernization took place in 1957. The new model was called FSO Warszawa M20 model 57, but not long after its name

215-464: A successor to the outdated Warszawa. Two variants were options, the first was the production of new FSO products – the Warszawa 210 and Syrena 110 , and the second was the purchase of a license for a modern foreign model. The second option was chosen, and negotiations with Renault and Fiat began. The French offer was rejected due to unfavorable conditions; Fiat offered the Poles the 1300/1500 model , but

258-540: A three cars on a demonstration drive from Moscow to the Crimea, two automatic models and a manual. It was launched in 1956 and became a symbol of the whole Soviet epoch. The car offered front seats able to fold flat and came standard with cigarette lighter and a radio at a time when most American-built cars did not have a radio. A small number of Volgas with the 195  hp (145  kW ; 198  PS ) Chaika engine, automatic transmission , and power steering were built for

301-904: Is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod , formerly known as Gorky (Горький) (1932–1990). It is the core subsidiary of GAZ Group Holding, which is itself part of Basic Element industrial group. JSC Russian Machines is the controlling shareholder in OAO GAZ. In May 1929 the Soviet Union signed an agreement with the American Ford Motor Company . Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $ 13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod . The factory

344-645: Is an automobile manufactured in FSO factory in Warsaw , Poland between 1951 and 1973, based on GAZ-M20 Pobeda . The Warszawa was the first newly designed car built in Poland after the World War II . Warszawas were popular as taxis because of their sturdiness and ruggedness. However, they were underpowered for their weight and had high fuel consumption. In total, 254,471 cars were made. Named after Poland 's capital city Warsaw ,

387-528: Is expected that production will start in 2013. In February 2011, General Motors and GAZ Group signed an agreement on contract assembly of the new Chevrolet Aveo car at GAZ plant in Nizhny Novgorod. As of December 2012, production was underway with an expected annual production of 30,000 vehicles. In June 2011, Volkswagen Group Rus and GAZ Group signed a long-term agreement on contract manufacturing at GAZ plant with total investment of €200 million. It

430-562: Is planned to produce Škoda Yeti , the new Volkswagen Jetta and Škoda Octavia . The total production volume in the peak years will be about 110,000 vehicles. In November 2011, under the contract manufacturing agreement, GAZ started SKD assembly of Škoda Yeti; full-cycle production started in December 2012. In April 2019, GAZ asked for a $ 468 million bailout from the Russian government, saying that US sanctions on Oleg Deripaska and his assets put

473-506: The Ford Model AA and Ford Model A , respectively. In 1933, the factory's name changed to Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod , or GAZ, when the city was renamed after Maxim Gorky . The GAZ-A was succeeded by the more modern GAZ-M1 (based largely on the four-cylinder version of the Ford Model B ), produced from 1936 to 1942. The M letter stands for Molotovets ('of Molotov's fame'), it was

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516-557: The KGB as the M23 , 603 were built in 1962–1970. As the car's leading engineer Boris Dekhtyar recalled, the new version of the Volga had improved brake pads and reached a higher top speed of over 170 km/h; it was well received. The new engine produced 195 h.p. at 4,400 rpm. In the 1960s GAZ plant renewed its truck range by launching such models as GAZ-52, GAZ-53 А and GAZ-66 . In the 1960s and 1970s,

559-580: The Italian Fiat 125 entered production and the Warszawa gradually stopped being produced with the last one coming off the assembly line in 1973, with the 125p serving as its successor. The Warszawa was the basis for two rigid panel vans , the Żuk (made from 1958 to 1997) and the Nysa (made from 1958 to 1994). The gearbox, clutch, and chassis of the Warszawa were also used in the FSR Tarpan . These vehicles led to

602-518: The Pobeda had originated from and was sold alongside the more modern Volgas. By the time the Warszawa started production it was already largely outdated since the Pobeda on which it was based on started production in 1946 and was had technical features derived from the 1938 Opel Kapitän . Despite successive modernizations over time, the body looked increasingly outdated. From 1965, plans were made to introduce

645-532: The Warszawa was also produced for the Milicja Obywatelska and the Polish army . The last such batch was built in 1972. The police car was based on the civilian version. However, it differed in painting (white or cream body with a blue stripe and Milicja or MO markings), a blue light signal mounted on the roof, and a two-tone siren. Additionally, matte rear and side windows were installed. The police car received

688-456: The Warszawa was until 1957 identical to the Soviet Pobeda , built under license, which was given to Poland by GAZ at Joseph Stalin 's insistence. The engine was the same, side-valve M-20 unit as used in the Pobeda, producing 50 hp (37 kW). Exports of the car started in 1954 to countries such as Romania , China , Bulgaria and Albania . In 1956 work began on the development of

731-418: The back. Several hundred pickups were produced annually, but their production was generally limited compared to other models. In the next years, the pickup underwent the same modernizations as passenger versions and was sold almost exclusively to state-owned enterprises and institutions. The maximum speed for the 223P version was 120 km / h, and for the 224P – 105 km / h. The speedometer indicated that

774-448: The basic chassis of the Warszawa being produced until the 1990s. Additionally, there was a commercial variant of the saloon car. Development on a pickup (technically coupe utility ) version of the Warszawa was undertaken in response to the demand of Polish cyclists who wanted a light delivery vehicle to transport their bikes including spare parts for mechanics. The pickup could carry two people and an additional 500 kg payload in

817-588: The body style was changed to a ponton , three-box design by then becoming mainstream in Europe, though the car retained a rather heavy style to western eyes. In 1967 it was announced that Perkins four cylinder 1.76-litre diesel engines would be fitted in export market Warszawas, which were scheduled to debut at the Poznań International Fair in June 1967. On the same year, the smaller Polski Fiat 125p based on

860-475: The body was limited to the front part only. The other changes were the same as in the passenger versions. In 1965, the van models were withdrawn from the market due to the commencement of production of Warsaw 203-K / 204-K with a station wagon body. In June 1965 during the Poznań International Fair , a station wagon version of the Warszawa was presented. The new models were called the 203-K and 204-K (later changed to 223-K and 224-K) and entered mass production at

903-704: The collapse of the Soviet Union , LiAZ started to experience difficulties. In 1996 bus manufacturing ceased and the factory declared bankruptcy in 1997. The factory has since been restructured and is now known as Likinskij Avtobusnyj Zavod LLC . In 2000 it was acquired by the RusAvtoProm Corporation, and has been part of the GAZ Group since 2005. LiAZ also manufactured trolleybuses between 2005 and 2012. GAZ GAZ or Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod ( Russian : ГАЗ or Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д , lit.   ' Gorky Automobile Plant ')

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946-515: The commercial models was that the police Warszawa used a modified version of the GAZ-12 ZIM 's six-cylinder engine . This engine was suitable for police and special service applications due to the speed it provided for the car. A prototype called the Warszawa 210 was built in 1964. It had a 6-cylinder engine and a more modern body reminiscent of then-current car trends in Europe, although it still had

989-663: The company at risk of default. On July 4, 2019, workers from GAZ protested against the US sanctions in front of the US embassy in Moscow as an opposition to measures they claim will lead to the bankruptcy of the company. In November 2021, "GAZ Group" announced that its division, "Silovye Agregaty", would be ready for mass production of hydrogen engines in 2.5 years. 56°14′47.20″N 43°53′23.58″E  /  56.2464444°N 43.8898833°E  / 56.2464444; 43.8898833 FSO Warszawa FSO Warszawa (from Polish : Warsaw )

1032-408: The concept similar to the contemporary sedan delivery . This modification was called Warszawa 201F (The F standing for Furgon). The car was equipped with two doors, the fuel tank was moved under the driver's seat, the spare wheel was placed under the floor at the rear of the body, which resulted in a relatively large usable area. Access to the cargo space was possible through a two-piece rear hatch,

1075-471: The end of the same year. The design of the body was developed by Cezary Nawrot, while the technical development was made by a team of employees of the Body Design Office, under the supervision of Eng. Stanisław Łukaszewicz. Compared to the sedan version, the roof was extended and the luggage compartment glazing was installed above the rear fenders. The station wagon version was additionally equipped with

1118-512: The factory started to assemble ZIL -158 passenger buses. It was renamed LiAZ the same year. In 1967 the factory designed and began manufacturing the first bus model of its own named LiAZ-677 . The factory produced 194,183 buses of this model in the next 29 years. In 1986 began the production of the new model LiAZ-5256, which today is the most common large bus model in Russia (through December 2013 more than 24,650 buses had been manufactured). After

1161-405: The individual parts of which were hung on the lower and upper edge of the door opening. The car's suspension was reinforced although it only had the payload capacity of 400 kg compared to the 500 kg of the pickup version. A version with side glasses was also produced and was used as an ambulance regularly. In 1964, production of the modernized 203F and 204F models began. Modernization of

1204-517: The late 1990s GAZ was deemed to be the best managed Russian automotive manufacturer. In November 2000 GAZ was acquired in a hostile takeover by SibAl . In March 2003 GAZ declared that the production of passenger cars was no longer a priority for the company, and plans to release a new GAZ-3115 model had been abandoned. In 2006, GAZ made a move on the LDV company based in Birmingham , England, and acquired

1247-540: The model was considered too small to replace the Warszawa. Nevertheless, FSO choose Fiat to partner with and decided that the larger Fiat 125 was more suitable as a successor, although the Polish version still used the lower-cost mechanics of the 1300/1500 . Production of the Warszawa continued until late 1973; by that time it utilized many parts from the Polski Fiat 125p . The more compact and modern 125p sold much better than

1290-574: The old Pobeda-derived chassis. Exports of the Warszawa started in 1954. By 1973, 72,834 copies were sent to export markets. The Warszawa was exported to 25 countries located on five continents, and the recipients of the largest number of cars were the countries of the Eastern Bloc . According to some sources, the number of cars sent abroad amounts to 81,804 units, which is due to the fact that 8,970 units sold in Poland as part of internal export are included in

1333-483: The origin of the car's nickname, M'ka (эмка). During the war, GAZ assembled Chevrolet G7107 and G7117 (G7107 with winch) from parts shipped from the US under Lend Lease . At that time, GAZ engineers worked to develop an all-new car model to enter production once hostilities ended. Called the GAZ-M20 Pobeda (Victory), this affordably-priced sedan with streamlined, fastback styling, entered production in 1946 and

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1376-554: The plant was overhauled and updated; 1962 saw it fitted with the Soviet Union's first automated precision shop. In 1994 the plant started production of GAZelle light commercial vehicles. The plant became AvtoGAZ , with the integration of its various subcontractors , on 24 August 1971; the same year, it was awarded the Order of Lenin . GAZ produced its ten millionth vehicle in March 1981. In

1419-606: The production at the LDV plant was halted and the plant was sold to a Chinese company called ECO Concept in 2009. As then DaimlerChrysler modernized its Sterling Heights Assembly plant in 2006, the old Chrysler Sebring / Dodge Stratus assembly line and tooling was sold to GAZ and was shipped to Nizhny Novgorod in Russia . Since then GAZ car facility is used for contract manufacturing for Volkswagen and General Motors . In 2009, Bo Andersson , former Vice-President of General Motors ,

1462-401: The same modernizations as the civilian and commercial models. How many police cars were produced has never been officially stated since it is likely that as these cars were intended for state purposes, production was never taken in records of how many police vehicles were built or registered. Similar to the special ordered GAZ M20-Pobeda for the KGB , The main difference with the civilian and

1505-404: The speed should not be exceeded 70 km / h with the vehicle fully loaded. The truck bed was equipped with an opening tailgate suspended on the lower edge, the side boards were fixed. The floor of the loading space was made of pine boards, and was additionally secured with a tarpaulin spread over an upper steel body. A commercial version based on the station wagon model was also produced, making

1548-545: The statistics. The largest export market for the Warszawa was Bulgaria , where 26,655 were exported. 21,142 were sent to Hungary , 8,050 to China , 5,653 to Romania , 3,396 to Czechoslovakia , 2,217 to Turkey , 998 to Cuba , 841 to Norway , 615 to Finland , 436 to Albania , 365 to Iran , 316 to East Germany , 218 to Yugoslavia , 146 to Mongolia , 139 to Vietnam , 113 to North Korea , 98 to Guinea , 63 to Greece , 40 to Saudi Arabia , 37 to Libya , 25 to Burma and 26 were even exported back to Soviet Russia where

1591-595: The van maker from the venture capital group Sun European Partners, LLP in July of that year. GAZ said that they planned to market the MAXUS ( LDV 's new Panel-van that was released in January 2005) into the rest of Europe and Asia. GAZ proposed to increase production in the LDV plant in England, while also commencing production of the MAXUS in a new plant in Russia. However, due to the recession,

1634-493: The wheels were installed and the suspension was tied with steel cables (to facilitate lifting the car). The maximum speed was 105 km / h, but due to the long braking distance on the track, PKP regulations then limited it to 80 km / h. The exact number of draisines produced is not known, but together with export production but it is estimated that only 200 of these vehicles were ever produced. These draisines were also exported to Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria . In Hungary ,

1677-433: Was changed to Warszawa 200. The new model received a restyled front-end section. The powertrain was modified too, the compression ratio was raised from 6.2:1 to 6.8:1 and maximum power crept up to 52 hp (38 kW). From 1962 on, the car was equipped with the new OHV inline-four engine with power increased to 70 hp (51 kW). This was much more modern than the archaic sidevalve construction used before. In 1964

1720-661: Was founded and production started on 1 January 1932. At the time the factory was known as Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant , short NAZ ( Nizhegorodskiy avtomobilny zavod ), full name Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant named after V. M. Molotov ( Nizhegorodskiy avtomobilny zavod imeni V. M. Molotova ), after the Soviet minister Vyacheslav Molotov . In 1932 the plant produced its first automobiles, GAZ-AA (originally known as NAZ-AA, as they were manufactured before Nizhny Novgorod became Gorky) truck and GAZ-A passenger car (manufactured after Nizhny Novgorod became Gorky). The cars were based on

1763-614: Was invited to become a President/CEO of GAZ Group. In 2010, GAZ upgraded its model range by launching new GAZelle-BUSINESS lineup with diesel and petrol engines and LPG equipment. In November 2010 the company decided to end production of the Volga Siber , its last GAZ passenger car model, and to discontinue the GAZ Volga range. In December 2010, GAZ Group signed a memorandum of understanding with Daimler on contract manufacturing of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter at GAZ plant in Nizhny Novgorod. It

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1806-408: Was made for driving straight ahead, and a turntable was mounted under the chassis (a screw jack was used to rotate the trolley on the track, after it was lifted, in order to allow driving in both directions at full speed). With further changes, the rear light was modified (red lights at the front instead of the direction indicators and white light at the rear instead of the stop), the brushes in front of

1849-521: Was produced by GAZ until 1958. (Licensed production under the name Warszawa continued in Polish FSO until the 1970s). It was the first Soviet car with electric windshield wipers (rather than mechanical- or vacuum-operated ones). GAZ also made GAZ-12 ZIM , GAZ-21 and GAZ-24 Volga and the luxury cars GAZ-13 and GAZ-14 Chaika . The ZIM was the first GAZ car to feature the leaping deer hood ornament . The GAZ-21 made its public debut in 1955, with

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