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33-430: The name Leutkirch is derived from "Leutekirche" (English: Church of the people ), a catholic church in the town which is called "Sankt Martin" today. Since the municipal reform of 1972, the consolidated Leutkirch urban area comprises the town of Leutkirch im Allgäu itself and the former municipalities of Diepoldshofen, Friesenhofen, Gebrazhofen, Herlazhofen , Hofs, Reichenhofen, Winterstetten and Wuchzenhofen. Leutkirch

66-462: A few square kilometers or less, which were by far the most numerous. The criteria of immediacy varied and classification is difficult especially for the Middle Ages. The situation was relatively clear in the case of the cities: imperial cities were directly subject to the king's jurisdiction and taxation, and a first list can be found in the imperial tax register of 1241. In the case of the nobility,

99-471: A referendum. At the end of 2015, it was announced that the financing of the 250 million euro project had been secured; approximately 1,000 vacation homes and a large covered center with stores, restaurants, entertainment facilities and a large bathing and spa area were to be built by the end of 2018. In the end, the concept was adapted and enlarged. The construction costs thus rose to about 350 million. Center Parcs Park Allgäu has been open to vacation guests since

132-667: A single collective vote ( votum curiatum ). Further immediate estates not represented in the Reichstag were the Imperial Knights as well as several abbeys and minor localities , the remains of those territories which in the High Middle Ages had been under the direct authority of the Emperor and since then had mostly been given in pledge to the princes. At the same time, there were classes of "princes" with titular immediacy to

165-652: A stronger negotiating position, for example giving the province the ability to appeal to the Imperial Diet in any debate with Charles. For that reason, the Emperor strongly rejected and blocked Overijssel's attempt. Disadvantages might include direct intervention by imperial commissions, as happened in several of the southwestern cities after the Schmalkaldic War , and the potential restriction or outright loss of previously held legal patents. Immediate rights might be lost if

198-405: A town council ( Rat ) whose members are also the town judges. An elected bürgermeister (mayor) chaired the town council from the 15th century. A so-called Committee of Twenty, representing the guilds, was also part of the governing structure. Eventually, the town council was to be composed of a magistrate ( Amtmann ), two mayors, three secret councillors and nine councillors. The main industry of

231-608: Is a village in the South-German region Allgäu . It is part of the town Leutkirch im Allgäu . The population is approximately 1000 inhabitants. 47°48′N 10°01′E  /  47.800°N 10.017°E  / 47.800; 10.017 This Ravensburg district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Imperial immediacy In the Holy Roman Empire , imperial immediacy ( German : Reichsunmittelbarkeit or Reichsfreiheit )

264-519: Is located in the south of Germany, in the southeast of the state of Baden-Württemberg on the border with Bavaria . The border with Austria and Lake Constance are about 40 km away. Very few protohistoric settlement remains have been found in the Allgäu region although a grave dating from the migration period has been found in the Leutkirch area. The area was probably settled by Alemannic tribes before

297-694: The Emperor and/or the Imperial Diet could not defend them against external aggression, as occurred in the French Revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic Wars . The Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 required the emperor to renounce all claims to the portions of the Holy Roman Empire west of the Rhine . At the last meeting of the Imperial Diet ( German : Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ) in 1802–03, also called

330-526: The Emperor which they exercised rarely, if at all. For example, the Bishops of Chiemsee , Gurk , and Seckau (Sacken) were practically subordinate to the prince-bishop of Salzburg, but were formally princes of the Empire. Additional advantages might include the rights to collect taxes and tolls , to hold a market , to mint coins , to bear arms , and to conduct legal proceedings . The last of these might include

363-590: The Empire. In the course of the mediatisation of 1802-03, Leutkirch was not spared the fate of the great majority of the 50 Free Imperial Cities of the moribund Holy Roman Empire and lost its independence. The town was first annexed to the Duchy (later Kingdom) of Bavaria in 1803 before becoming part of the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810. All of the countryside surrounding the Free Imperial City of Leutkirch except on

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396-692: The Protestant Reformation. The town, officially Lutheran in 1546, adhered to the Augsburg Confession and later joined the Schmalkaldic League . There was a fierce dispute for several years between the Protestant magistrates of the town and the abbot of Weingarten Abbey for control over St. Martin’s parish church whose patron was the abbot. A compromise was reached in 1562: the Catholics kept

429-468: The attributes of sovereignty, but fell short of true sovereignty since the rulers of the Empire remained answerable to the Empire's institutions and basic laws. In the early modern period , the Empire consisted of over 1,800 immediate territories, ranging in size from quite large such as Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, and Brandenburg, down to the several hundred tiny immediate estates of the Imperial knights of only

462-451: The counts of Bregenz and of Montfort. In 1293, King Adolf of Nassau granted to Leutkirch the right to rule itself according to the Town Code of Lindau ( Rechte der Stadt Lindau ), thus effectively raising Leutkirch to the status of a Free Imperial City . For a while, the town continued to be ruled by a bailiff ( Landvogt ) appointed by the king. In 1311, there is mention for the first time of

495-438: The crown. During the High Middle Ages , and for those bishops, abbots, and cities then the main beneficiaries of that status, immediacy could be exacting and often meant subjection to the fiscal, military, and hospitality demands of their overlord, the Emperor. However, from the mid-13th century onwards, with the gradually diminishing importance of the Emperor, whose authority to exercise power became increasingly limited to

528-461: The end of October 2018. The Museum im Bock local history museum displays exhibits in relation to the town's and craftsmen's history. Schloss Zeil (Zeil Castle) is located five kilometers away from the core city on a hill above the village of Unterzeil. The Renaissance building can only be visited from the outside. The parish church of St. Maria, which belongs to the castle complex, is freely accessible. In 1598, Truchsess Froben von Waldburg-Zeil had

561-451: The enfeoffment with an imperial fief and high aristocratic lineage was regarded as decisive criteria for immediacy. However, towards the end of the Middle Ages, the counts were generally considered to be immediate to the Empire, although they often had obtained their fiefs from neighboring princes. The imperial immediacy of bishops was acquired automatically when they were enfeoffed with their hochstift and granted immunities. The situation for

594-615: The enforcement of legislative acts promulgated by the Imperial Diet , entities privileged by imperial immediacy eventually found themselves vested with considerable rights and powers previously exercised by the emperor. Several immediate estates held the privilege of attending meetings of the Reichstag in person, including an individual vote ( votum virile ): They formed the Imperial Estates , together with 99 immediate counts, 40 Imperial prelates (abbots and abbesses), and 50 Imperial Cities, each of whose "banks" only enjoyed

627-564: The establishment of the Danube-Iller-Rhine limes during the Roman period. The town was created with the merger of the villages of Ufhofen and Mittelhofen and vestiges of those settlements were found under the old church of St. Martin. First mention of the church is found in a document of the Abbey of St. Gall dating back to 766. After the line of the local lord became extinct, the area was awarded to

660-487: The medieval Zeil Castle demolished and in 1599 began construction of the present Renaissance castle. Construction dragged on until his death in 1614. As a supporter of the Counter-Reformation, Truchsess Froben had the church and monastery (Hauskloster) built first, and the castle after. He also ordered daily high mass, solemn praise of God and mass for the dead resting in the crypt . Herlazhofen Herlazhofen

693-492: The morning and in the afternoon sometimes also hourly). The town is connected by several bus lines with Isny and Bad Wurzach, among others, and belongs to the Bodensee-Oberschwaben Verkehrsverbund (bodo). The Leutkirch city bus operates within Leutkirch. Center Parcs Europe has opened a vacation park in Leutkirch. On September 27, 2009, a majority of Leutkirch residents voted in favor of the project in

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726-572: The northwest was designated a Free Imperial Village possessing Imperial Immediacy . This territory was known as the Free Men of the Leutkircher Heath ( Freien auf Leutkircher Heide ). By 1800, the Free Men were only one of five Imperial villages still remaining. It shared the fate of the City of Leutkirch and was occupied by Bavarian troops in 1803. The 2011 census determined that 1,438 people, or 6.6% of

759-600: The parish church while the Protestants took over the hospital’s church, which was expanded in 1589 and is now known as Memorial Church. Catholics therefore maintained a foothold and some rights in the Protestant city. In 1577 Leutkirch joined other Lutheran Free Imperial Cities in signing the Formula of Concord . The town suffered heavily during the Thirty Years' War and the number of inhabitants fell drastically. The post-war period

792-442: The prelates (abbots) was not always clear since there were some who, although recognized as immediate, had not been enfeoffed directly by the king. In the end, for the Middle Ages, the formal grant of immediacy was of relative importance; the decisive factor was the capacity to assert and enforce one's claim to immediacy against competing claims. The position of the princes with regard to the crown had strengthened progressively since

825-451: The reign of Frederick Barbarossa (1152–1190) who restricted the immediate crown vassalage to the archbishops, bishops and imperial abbots, roughly ninety of them, and to distinguish most dukes and a selection of reliable margraves, landgraves and counts as maiores imperii principes . They were intended to be the only direct vassals, apart from the Imperial ministeriales who did homage within

858-447: The residents in Leutkirch, do not hold German citizenship. Of these people, 1,307 come from other European countries, 93 from Asia, 15 from Africa and 23 from North and South America. The largest immigration groups come from Turkey (440 people), Italy (175), Kosovo (98), Austria (86) and Bosnia & Herzegovina (65). According to the 2011 census, 70.3% of Leutkirch residents were Catholic , 12.3% Protestant , 0.8% Orthodox, and

891-463: The rest belonged to other religious communities or none at all. Hans-Jörg Henle has been the mayor of Leutkirch since 2008. He does not belong to any political party. In the 2021 state elections in Baden-Württemberg, the conservative Christian Democratic " CDU " was the most successful party in Leutkirch with 36.8% of votes. Second came the green ecological " Die Grünen " with 28.5%, followed by

924-525: The right-wing populist " AfD " with 9.4%. Leutkirch im Allgäu is twinned with: Leutkirch is located on the federal highway 96, which leads from Lindau to Munich. The B 465 completes the connection to the federal road network. The city is the initial point of the Leutkirch-Memmingen railway . The train station Leutkirch is located on the railroad lines Herbertingen-Isny and Leutkirch- Memmingen . The town can be reached daily at two-hour intervals (in

957-418: The royal household, and the royal towns which offered collective fealty. From the thirteenth century onward, the growing exclusiveness of the princes derived from their determination to enforce their preeminence and make the other lords feudally dependent on themselves, and to incorporate them into their own territorial lordships, thus making them 'mediate' by cutting them off from direct legal relationship with

990-532: The so-called Blutgericht ("blood justice") through which capital punishment could be administered. These rights varied according to the legal patents granted by the emperor. As pointed out by Jonathan Israel , the Dutch province of Overijssel in 1528 tried to arrange its submission to Emperor Charles V in his capacity as Holy Roman Emperor rather than as Duke of Burgundy . If successful, that would have evoked Imperial immediacy and would have put Overijssel in

1023-522: The town then was the linen trade and the main weaver guild had a membership of 200 at one time. Their linen production was exported to Italy and Spain mostly. Leutkirch became a member of the Swabian League in 1488 and gained a seat and vote both in the League and in the Imperial Diet ( Reichstag ). Like the majority of the other Free Imperial Cities, Leutkirch went through considerable internal strife during

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1056-471: Was not easy as well and the debt of the town continued to increase. However, difficult economic times did not prevent the town's rulers from having a new baroque town hall ( rathaus ) built in 1740. The stucco ceiling by Johannes Schütz remains one of the main attractions of the town. From the Peace of Westphalia onward, Leutkirch was to remain one of the smallest and least conspicuous of the 50 Free Imperial Cities of

1089-451: Was the status of an individual or a territory which was defined as 'immediate' ( unmittelbar ) to Emperor and Empire ( Kaiser und Reich ) and not to any other intermediate authorities, while one that did not possess that status was defined as 'mediate' ( mittelbar ). The possession of this imperial immediacy granted a constitutionally unique form of territorial authority known as "territorial superiority" ( Landeshoheit ) which had nearly all

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