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96-520: The commune of Les Clayes-sous-Bois is located about 14 km from Versailles and 30 km from Paris, in the southwest of the Versailles plain. The commune is highly urbanized, with mostly single-family housing, except for the southern part of the commune, which is covered by a part of the Bois-d'Arcy forest. It borders the cities of Chavenay, Villepreux, Bois-d'Arcy, Trappes to and Plaisir. The commune

192-718: A Ministry of Foreign Affairs (where the Treaty of Paris (1783) ending the American Revolutionary War was signed in 1783 with the United Kingdom), and a Ministry of the Navy. By 1789, the population had reached 60,000 inhabitants, and Versailles was now the seventh or eighth-largest city in France, and one of the largest cities in Europe. Seat of political power, Versailles naturally became

288-631: A city built symmetrically with respect to the Avenue de Paris (which starts from the entrance of the castle). The roofs of the buildings and houses of the new city were not to exceed the level of the Marble Courtyard, at the entrance of the castle (built above a hill dominating the city), so that the perspective from the windows of the castle would not be obstructed. The old village and the Saint Julien church were demolished to make room for buildings housing

384-516: A copper cover dating from the 17th and 18th centuries was also installed. All these elements are still visible today. Around 1750, a bell named Anne Françoise Martin was placed in the bell tower. The cemetery located below the church (called the Saint-Martin cemetery) was inaugurated in 1858. In 1949, after the Second World War and the church threatened to fall into ruins, a restoration campaign

480-576: A crown sit on top it . In 1578, in a letter the Bishop of Chartres Nicolas de Thou wrote: “We have the humble plea of the villagers and inhabitants of the Clais, in our diocese dedicated and consecrated to God the church built under the invocation of Saint Martin where the relics of the arm of Saint Margaret are kept”. Under the Ancien Régime (“Old Regime”), the parish of Clais was supposed to receive one-tenth of

576-459: A cultural heritage site since 31 July 2003. In addition to the two towers of the old castle, its main attraction is the Diane tree:a 450-year-old plane tree, known as the "tree of Diana", received in 2000 the label of remarkable tree of France by the association A.R.B.R.E.S. It would have been planted around 1556, by the mistress of King Henri II of France. A pond is located in front of the terrace of

672-482: A ditch (filled in in 1866), while a wall surrounds the park. Over the centuries, the building and its domain changed hands among officers of the crown and members of the Parliament of Paris. The facade and roofs of the hunting lodge are listed in the supplementary inventory of historical monuments in 1872. The south wing of the building is the last vestige, the other parts having been destroyed in 1790. It currently houses

768-456: A fair amount of sunshine. in the winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cool, and nights are cold but generally above freezing with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F). Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature seldom dips below −5 °C (23 °F). Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation. The name of Versailles appears for

864-536: A famous jurist. Philip died in the castle of Melun on 29 July 1108, and was buried per his request at the monastery of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire – and not in St Denis among his forefathers. He was succeeded by his son, Louis VI , whose succession was, however, not uncontested. According to Abbot Suger : … King Philip daily grew feebler. For after he had abducted the Countess of Anjou, he could achieve nothing worthy of

960-491: A lot in the new city for free. There were only two conditions to acquire a lot: 1- a token tax of 5 shillings ( 5 sols ) per arpent of land should be paid every year ($ 0.03 per 1,000 sq ft (93 m ) per year in 2005 US dollars); 2- a house should be built on the lot according to the plans and models established by the Surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi (architect in chief of the royal demesne). The plans provided for

1056-519: A second one. Sculpted in the 11th century, a headstone supports the tabernacle. The church also has Gothic elements such as : the vault of the choir, a ribbed vault , as well as a bay windows with three lancet arches), dating from the 14th-15th centuries. It is thus a mixt of Romanesque and Gothic styles. There is a statue of the Virgin and Child from the 15th century, registered in the departmental inventory of historical monuments. The original bell tower

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1152-525: A string of parliamentary elections, defeating the parties supporting a restoration of the monarchy, and the new majority decided to relocate the government to Paris in November 1879. Versailles then experienced a new population setback (48,324 inhabitants at the 1881 census). After that, Versailles never again functioned as the seat of the capital of France, but the presence of the French Parliament there in

1248-482: A twinning committee was created. On Easter 1965, a soccer match between the teams of the two towns took place. In October 1995, the 30th anniversary of the twinning was celebrated with discussions between veterans and the organization of painting exhibitions and tennis matches. In September 1999, the Twinning Committee introduced German classes in the "Maison des jeunes et de la culture des Clayes " (Youth Center of

1344-526: A weekly market on Thursdays. The population of Versailles was 500 inhabitants. Martial de Loménie was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (24 August 1572). In 1575, Albert de Gondi , a man from Florence who had come to France with Catherine de' Medici , bought the seigneury of Versailles. Henceforth Versailles was the possession of the Gondi family , a family of wealthy and influential parliamentarians at

1440-751: Is historically known for numerous treaties such as the Treaty of Paris , which ended the American Revolution , and the Treaty of Versailles , after World War I. Today, the Congress of France – the name given to the body created when both houses of the French Parliament , the National Assembly and the Senate , meet – gathers in the Château de Versailles to vote on revisions to the Constitution . The argument over

1536-717: Is irrigated in the South by the Maldroit river, a tributary of the Mauldre. It is located entirely in the Mauldre watershed, managed since 1992 by the COBAHMA, under the aegis of the Yvelines General Council, and for which a water development and management plan (SAGE) has been implemented. However, it is partially in the Maldroit sub-basin (south and west) and for the rest (north-east) in the rivulet de Gally sub-basin, although not crossed by

1632-561: Is lower than the national rate (26%). Like the national and departmental allocations, the female population of the municipality is higher than the male population. The distribution of the commune's population by age group in 2017 is as follows: Prehistoric elements such as carved axes and bronze bracelets have been discovered on the site of Les Clayes and are now exhibited in the national archaeology museum of Saint-Germain-en-Laye , testifying its occupation since prehistoric times. A stone path, of which there are still vestiges, passed through

1728-546: Is served by Versailles-Chantiers station , which is an interchange station on Paris RER line C , on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, on the Transilien Paris-Montparnasse suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines, including low-frequency TGV service. Versailles is also served by two other stations on Paris RER line C: Versailles-Château–Rive Gauche (the closest station to

1824-588: Is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. The headquarters of the Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University is located in the city, as well as the ISIPCA , a post-graduate school in perfume, cosmetics products and food flavour formulation. Versailles

1920-500: Is the Palace , with its ornately decorated rooms and historic significance. The Potager du roi is a kitchen garden created under Louis XIV to supply fruits and vegetables to the Court. It is officially recognized as a Remarkable Garden of France . The town also has other points of cultural notability; in recent times, its position as an affluent suburb of Paris has meant that it forms a part of

2016-423: Is the oldest building in the commune. Its nave dates from the 11th century, the choir and the sanctuary from the 14th and 15th centuries.  Like many small village churches, it does not have a cross-shaped plan. It has several Romanesque elements such as small round bay windows and a narrow, low limestone nave , as well as a vault with arches , but it has only one side aisle , whereas churches usually have

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2112-459: The Parlement of Paris. Several times during the 1610s, the de Gondis invited King Louis XIII to hunt in the large forests around Versailles. In 1622, the king purchased a parcel of forest for his private hunting. In 1624, he acquired more and entrusted Philibert Le Roy with the construction of a small hunting lodge of red bricks and stone with a slate roof. In 1632, the king bought the totality of

2208-617: The Régence of Philippe d' Orléans , the royal court of the young King Louis XV was the first in Paris, while the Regent governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal . Versailles was again the unofficial capital of France from June 1722, when Louis XV returned to Versailles, until October 1789 , when a Parisian mob forced Louis XVI and the royal family to move to Paris. Versailles again became

2304-553: The préfecture of the Seine-et-Oise département at its inception in March 1790 (at which time Seine-et-Oise had approximately 420,000 inhabitants). By the 1960s, with the growth of the Paris suburbs, the Seine-et-Oise had reached more than 2 million inhabitants, and was deemed too large and ungovernable, and thus it was split into three départements in January 1968. Versailles

2400-536: The Palace of Versailles and consequently the station most frequently used by tourists) and Porchefontaine . Versailles is also served by two stations on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line: Versailles-Rive Droite and Montreuil . Versailles is twinned with: Philip I of France Philip I ( c.  1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous (French: L’Amoureux ),

2496-528: The Transilien Paris – Montparnasse suburban rail line and by an efficient bus station that links the town to Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and a few other communes around. Versailles, Yvelines Versailles ( French pronunciation: [vɛʁsɑj] ) is a commune in the department of the Yvelines , Île-de-France , renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and

2592-529: The etymology of Versailles tends to privilege the Latin word versare , meaning "to keep turning, turn over and over", an expression used in medieval times for ploughed lands, cleared lands (lands that had been repeatedly "turned over"). This word formation is similar to Latin seminare ("to sow") which gave French semailles ("sowings", "sown seeds"). During the Revolution of 1789 , city officials had proposed to

2688-432: The gardens of Versailles , designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Located in the western suburbs of the French capital, 17.1 km (10.6 mi) from the centre of Paris , Versailles is a wealthy suburb of Paris with a service-based economy and is a major tourist destination. According to the 2017 census, the population of the city is 85,862 inhabitants, down from a peak of 94,145 in 1975. A new town founded at

2784-528: The tricolour flag that had been adopted during the Revolution made the restoration of monarchy impossible for the time being. Versailles became again the political centre of France, full of buzz and rumours, with its population briefly peaking at 61,686 in 1872, matching the record level of population reached on the eve of the French Revolution 83 years earlier. Eventually, however, left-wing republicans won

2880-574: The 1870s left a vast hall, built in one aisle of the palace, which the French Parliament uses when it meets in Congress to amend the French Constitution, as well as when the President of France addresses the two chambers of the French Parliament. Only in 1911 did Versailles definitely recover its level of population of 1789, with 60,458 inhabitants at the 1911 census. In 1919, at the end of

2976-412: The 1960s and 1970s, and somehow Versailles has become the main centre of the western suburbs of Paris. In the present times, the centre of the town has kept its very bourgeois atmosphere, while more middle-class neighbourhoods have developed around the train stations and on the outskirts of the city. Versailles is a chic suburb of Paris, well linked with the centre of Paris by several train lines. However,

Les Clayes-sous-Bois - Misplaced Pages Continue

3072-570: The Broderie cemetery (chemin de la Bretechelle). Its name refers to the king's mistress Diane de Poitiers who lived in the hunting lodge of les Clayes. In the park remains the vestige of the Clayes's castle : only the two lateral towers surmounted by a lantern remain and its outbuildings, integrated into the remains of the old hunting lodge (the library), now host exhibitions and associative and festive activities. The park of Diana has been listed as

3168-611: The First World War, Versailles came into the limelight again as the various treaties ending the war were signed in the castle proper and in the Grand Trianon . After 1919, as the suburbs of Paris continued to expand, Versailles was absorbed by the urban area of Paris and the city experienced a strong demographic and economic growth, turning it into a large suburban city of the metropolitan area of Paris. The role of Versailles as an administrative and judicial centre has been reinforced in

3264-442: The French army, a tradition going back to the monarchy with, for instance, the military camp of Satory and other institutions. Versailles is located 17.1 km (10.6 mi) west-southwest from the centre of Paris. The city sits on an elevated plateau, 130 to 140 metres (430 to 460 ft) above sea level (whereas the elevation of the centre of Paris is only 33 m (108 ft) above sea level), surrounded by wooded hills: in

3360-498: The NATO unified command in 1966, nearby Rocquencourt functioned as the site for SHAPE . Versailles is an important military centre, with several units and training schools headquartered at the Satory military base, which hosted the headquarters of the famed 2nd French Armored Division until 1999, and where a military exhibition is organized annually. Versailles' primary cultural attraction

3456-572: The Paris artistic scene, and musical groups such as Phoenix , Air , Fuzati , and Daft Punk have some link to the city, as does the director Michel Gondry . Football Club de Versailles 78 is a semi-professional association football club founded in 1989. Their home stadium is the Stade de Montbauron, which has a capacity of 6,208 people. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but

3552-506: The Revolution, was left abandoned, with only Napoleon briefly staying one night there and then leaving the castle for good. Louis-Philippe , who took the throne in the July Revolution of 1830, transformed the palace into a National Museum dedicated to "all the glories of France" in 1837. Versailles had become a sleepy town, a place of pilgrimage for those nostalgic for the old monarchy. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870 put Versailles in

3648-468: The Saint-Martin cemetery revealed a forgotten cellar that belonged to the castle. In 1160, the bishop of Chartres, Robert III, assign the parish of Les Clayes to the abbey of Saint-Cyr , which was confirmed by Pope Alexander III in a bull three years later. In 1357, the troops of the King of Navarre , Charles le Mauvais, settled for three months in the villages of Les Clayes, Villepreux and Trappes, plundering

3744-542: The Villeneuve family until 1517. Then to four other owners: Lambert Maigret, comptroller general, André Leroy, notary and secretary of François I, Gaillard Spifaine, Comptroller General of Finance and Guillaume Poyet, Second President of the Parliament of Paris. In 1537 the seigneury of “Clais” was confiscated  from its indebted owner, Gaillard Spifaine, and returned to the king of France. On 24 December 1546 Anne de Pisseleu , favorite of François I , obtains from her lover

3840-607: The administrative services managing the daily life in the castle. On both sides of the Avenue de Paris were built the Notre-Dame neighbourhood and the Saint-Louis neighbourhood, with new large churches, markets, and aristocratic mansions, all built in a very homogeneous style according to the models established by the Surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi . Versailles was a vast construction site for many years. Little by little came to Versailles all those who needed or desired to live close to

3936-437: The building. The hunting lodge from the 14th century was built on the ruins of a house destroyed during a troubled period (Hundred Years' War, Black Death). This house belonged to the nuns of Notre-Dame-des-Anges de Saint-Cyr (Benedictine order), who sold the remains of the building to the king's squire Pierre Potel, in 1360 . Pierre Potel built an imposing square-shaped hunting lodge, with the east facing facade, surrounded by

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4032-448: The castle and starting a high social life, inviting personalities like the writer Tristan Bernard , the painter Édouard Vuillard and the politician Léon Blum Until the beginning of the 20th century, Les Clayes was a small rural village of barely 300 inhabitants. The commune was 612 hectares, on which five farms distributed 586 hectares of cultivated land, mostly cereals, sugar beets and fruit trees. The "ferme du château" (castle farm)

4128-478: The castle in 1915, followed in the 1920s by Jeanne Pata de Montagnac (1882-1966), an amateur lyric singer known for her beauty, who sang in the Parisian musical salon of Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux . Divorced from Maximilian von Jaunez , she began the restoration of the castle of Clayes, however she sold it after her remarriage in 1925 with Charles de Polignac.In 1926, Lucy and Jos Hessel, paintings traders, acquired

4224-424: The castle of his father, as well as the park, in order to accommodate the court. In 1678, after the Treaty of Nijmegen , the king decided that the court and the government would be established permanently in Versailles, which happened on 6 May 1682. At the same time, a new city was emerging from the ground, resulting from an ingenious decree of the king dated 22 May 1671, whereby the king authorized anyone to acquire

4320-439: The city is extremely compartmentalized, divided by large avenues inherited from the monarchy which create the impression of several small cities ignoring each other. Versailles was never an industrial city, even though there are a few chemical and food-processing plants. Essentially, Versailles is a place of services, such as public administration, tourism, business congresses, and festivals. From 1951 until France's withdrawal from

4416-597: The communal market is open on Thursdays and Sundays from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.44 In 2010, the median fiscal income per household was €37.589, which ranked Les Clayes-sous-Bois 4.075th among the 31.525 municipalities with more than 39 households in metropolitan France. After being part of the group of communes of the West Paris region, Les Clayes-sous-Bois became part of the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines agglomeration community on 1 January 2016 The twinning with Röthenbach

4512-469: The convention to rename Versailles Berceau-de-la-Liberté ("Cradle of Liberty"), but they had to retract their proposal when confronted with the objections of the majority of the population. From May 1682, when Louis XIV moved the court and government permanently to Versailles, until his death in September 1715, Versailles was the unofficial capital of the kingdom of France. For the next seven years, during

4608-659: The cradle of the French Revolution . The Estates-General met in Versailles on 5 May 1789. The members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath on 20 June 1789, and the National Constituent Assembly abolished feudalism on 4 August 1789. Eventually, on 5 and 6 October 1789, a crowd of women joined by some members of the national guard from Paris invaded the castle to protest bread prices and forced

4704-553: The crop of the Saint Cyr  abbess, but in reality, the parish priests received only a small part of it, the majority remaining in the hands of the ecclesiastics. At the beginning of the French Revolution ,  grievance notebooks were written. The Cletians asked for  "the abolition of seigneurial rights, the abolition of the captaincies forbidding them to hunt and the opening of a  road from Les Clayes to Saint-Cyr to obtain provisions and  trade".The first local council

4800-588: The end of the latter lane, now replaced by the André-Briquet nursery school, there were bathhouses. In the past, a square was installed in front of the town hall; it was named after Léon Blum. Rearranged in the 2000s, it was replaced by an open square named after Charles de Gaulle . In August 1944, at the end of the Second World War , the castle and its chapel were burned by the German troops at their departure. Only

4896-466: The first time in a medieval document dated 1038. In the feudal system of medieval France, the lords of Versailles came directly under the king of France, with no intermediary overlords between them and the king; yet they were not very important lords. At the end of the 11th century, the village curled around a medieval castle and the Saint Julien church. Its farming activity and its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought prosperity to

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4992-449: The former presbytery. In this street, there are still some typical buildings from the XIX and early XX centuries: village houses with simple gypsum block facades and a few town houses, made of millstone, with a much more refined architecture. Between the 1870s and the 1930s, the industrialization of the region, the demographic growth and the densification of the means of transportation also led to

5088-568: The king and his vassals. At age fourteen Philip was knighted by Baldwin's son, Baldwin VI ("the Good") . When Baldwin VI died in 1070, his younger brother Robert the Frisian seized Flanders. Philip invaded Flanders in support of Baldwin's widow Richilda , but was defeated by Robert at Cassel in 1071 . Philip appointed Alberic first Constable of France in 1060. A great part of his reign, like his father's,

5184-500: The land and seigneury of Versailles from Jean-François de Gondi . The hunting lodge was enlarged to the size of a small château between 1632 and 1634. At the death of Louis XIII, in 1643, the village had 1,000 inhabitants. This small château was the site of one of the historical events that took place during the reign of Louis XIII, on 10 November 1630, when, on the Day of the Dupes , the party of

5280-455: The lands of “ Clayes”, of which she becomes the chatelaine. In 1556, Diane de Poitiers , mistress of Henri II , became the owner, ten years after Anne de Pisseleu was exiled and the seigneury confiscated in favor of the new king. Diane uses it as a hunting relay. The king's mistress also planted the famous «tree of Diana» in the parc. The domain passed on to his daughter Françoise de Brézé, who sold it to François Coignet, notary and secretary to

5376-564: The limelight again. On 18 January 1871, the victorious Germans proclaimed the king of Prussia , Wilhelm I , emperor of Germany in the very Hall of Mirrors of the castle, in an attempt to take revenge for the conquests of Louis XIV two centuries earlier. Then in March of the same year, following the insurrection of the Paris Commune , the French Third Republic government under Thiers relocated to Versailles, and from there directed

5472-504: The maximum power. At the death of the Sun King in 1715, the village of Versailles had turned into a city of approximately 30,000 inhabitants. When the court of King Louis XV returned to Versailles in 1722, the city had 24,000 inhabitants. With the reign of Louis XV, Versailles grew even further. Versailles was the capital of the most powerful kingdom in Europe, and the whole of Europe admired its new architecture and design trends. Soon enough,

5568-515: The military suppression of the insurrection. The government and the French parliament stayed in Versailles after the quelling of the Commune (May 1871), and it was even thought for some time that the capital of France would move definitely to Versailles in order to avoid the revolutionary mood of Paris in the future. Restoration of a monarchy almost occurred in 1873, with parliament offering the crown to Henri, comte de Chambord , but his refusal to accept

5664-458: The multiplication of the construction of small houses overflowing the historical center, bringing to Les Clayes a new population, well-to-do and then working class, prefiguring what would be called the suburbs. The arrival of the train in 1861 greatly favored these changes (see Villepreux - Les Clayes station). The new railroad connections brought many former villages within reach of the Parisians, and

5760-468: The municipal library The presbytery located in front of the church was built between 1719 and 1745 at the request of the parish priest of Les Clayes, Jean-Louis Lauzy, and at his own expense, in order to provide a classroom for the children of the village. The commune has three cemeteries: the Saint-Martin cemetery (rue Henri-Prou, behind the church), the Henri-Prou cemetery (opposite the swimming pool) and

5856-421: The north the forests of Marly and Fausses-Reposes, and in the south the forests of Satory and Meudon . The city ( commune ) of Versailles has an area of 26.18 km (10.11 sq mi; 6,470 acres), which is a quarter of the area of the city of Paris. In 1989, Versailles had a population density of 3,344/km (8,660/sq mi), whereas Paris had a density of 20,696/km (53,600/sq mi). Born out of

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5952-403: The old castle and, further west, another pond is crossed by a small wooden bridge. It was once lined with a wooden kiosk. Preschools Primary schools: The commune has two junior high schools: La Fosse aux Damnes and Anatole France. Lycée Jean-Vilar in Plaisir and Lycée Sonia Delaunay in Villepreux are nearby. Les Clayes-sous-Bois is served by Villepreux – Les Clayes station on

6048-473: The old seigniorial castle was destroyed. Only the south wing remains today. In front of the old hunting lodge, a new neo-classical castle was built between 1800 and 1816 by the Delaborne family, owners of land in Villepreux. A chapel was also built and the outbuildings were added to the old segniorial house. Made of stone and brick, the building's façade is rectangular, framed by two circular towers and roofs pierced by four bull's eyes windows. The pediments of

6144-413: The parishes. A battle between the French royal troops and those of the King of Navarre took place east of the village, in a valley known as "Près Bataille" (Before Battle). In 1360, the king's squire Pierre Potel had a seigniorial hotel built in the south of the village : a hunting lodge near the Bois d'Arcy forest. The south wing, the only vestige since 1790, now houses the municipal library. This hotel

6240-409: The protection of the latter, the peasants could cultivate their lands in security. At the beginning of the 12th century, the lands of Clais (old name of the city) belonged to Simon de Cloyes. In 1118, he had a castle built near the church. The church was built on the upper part of the village under the reign of Philip I . Excavations carried out in 1875 during the construction of the enclosing wall of

6336-519: The queen mother was defeated and Richelieu was confirmed as Prime minister. King Louis XIV , son of Louis XIII, was only four years old when his father died. It was 20 years later, in 1661, when Louis XIV commenced his personal reign, that the young king showed interest in Versailles. The idea of leaving Paris, where, as a child, he had experienced first-hand the insurrection of the Fronde , had never left him. Louis XIV commissioned his architect Le Vau and his landscape architect Le Nôtre to transform

6432-554: The rivulet itself. Les Clayes-sous-Bois, like most towns in the Île-de-France region, has a large number of businesses (619), mainly in commerce and services, located in five industrial and commercial zones. One of the most important of these is Atos a computer center. Three regional shopping centers to the north of the municipality, bordering the railroad tracks, constitute the other most important areas with Alpha Park, Alpha Park 2 and One Nation Paris (an outlet of luxury stores opened in late 2013). Located on Avenue du Général-Leclerc,

6528-412: The royal demesne by incorporating the monasteries of Saint-Denis and Corbie. It was at the aforementioned Council of Clermont that the First Crusade was launched. Philip at first did not personally support it because of his conflict with Urban II. Philip's brother Hugh of Vermandois , however, was a major participant. In 1106, he married his daughter Constance to Bohemond I of Antioch . The marriage

6624-450: The royal dignity; consumed by desire for the lady he had seized, he gave himself up entirely to the satisfaction of his passion. So he lost interest in the affairs of state and, relaxing too much, took no care for his body, well-made and handsome though it was. The only thing that maintained the strength of the state was the fear and love felt for his son and successor. When he was almost sixty, he ceased to be king, breathing his last breath at

6720-501: The royal family to move to Paris. The National Constituent Assembly followed the king to Paris soon afterwards, and Versailles lost its role as capital city. During this turbulent time, Jean-François Coste , who had also been the chief physician of the King's Armies, was appointed mayor of Versailles. From then on, Versailles lost a good deal of its inhabitants. From 60,000, the population had declined to 26,974 inhabitants by 1806. The castle, stripped of its furniture and ornaments during

6816-402: The seigneur of Pontchartrain. In 1573, a year before ascending to the throne, the future Henry III put the Château of Clais under royal protection. A trace remains above a door of the main body of the former hunting relay: it is a «safeguard», a plate representing a shield or  a blazon, on which are engraved three lilies surrounded by a necklace of the Saint-Laurent Michel  order with

6912-534: The sentence was renewed by Urban II in Poitiers , despite the protest of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine , who entered the church with his knights to prevent his suzerain from being excommunicated on his lands. After making a public penance in 1104, Philip received absolution and was reconciled with the Church, and must have kept his involvement with Bertrade discreet. In France, the king was opposed by Bishop Ivo of Chartres ,

7008-502: The slate roof are triangular and the upper floor windows have railings ; a belfry adorned with a clock is installed in the middle of the roof, symbolizing the power of the building, when Les Clayes did not yet have a real town hall. The chapel is topped by a tapered roof and a cross. In 1819, the Delaborne's son added the large gate that marks the entrance of the domain. Several owners then succeed each other. Madame Bloch-Levallois bought

7104-403: The strict building rules decided under Louis XIV were not respected anymore, real estate speculation flourished, and the lots that had been given for free under Louis XIV were now on the market for hefty prices. By 1744, the population reached 37,000 inhabitants. The cityscape changed considerably under kings Louis XV and Louis XVI . Buildings were now taller. King Louis XV built a Ministry of War,

7200-759: The time in Western Europe, his name was of Greek origin, being bestowed upon him by his mother. In 1059 Henry I had Philip crowned in Reims at the age of seven. Philip had a brother named Hugh, who was slightly younger than him. Henry also appointed his brother-in-law Baldwin V of Flanders as regent of the kingdom, a role which Baldwin would share with Anne after the death of Henry in 1060. Despite his young age, Philip would rule in his own right, append royal documents with his own seal, and accompany Baldwin to several administrative visits to Flanders. This close association allowed Baldwin to maintain peaceful relationships between

7296-441: The town). In both cities, the Twinning Committee initiated language classes, trips, youth exchanges between schools and between artists, as well as other activities such as : petanque tournament on July 14 and meetings between the firemen of both cities. The city is also twinned with the city of Ponte da Barca (Portugal) since 2002. The population of the commune is relatively young. The rate of people over 60 years of age (22%)

7392-485: The two side towers with their bells and the outbuildings remained unharmed in the burning. During the Second World War, a group of young Cletiens Resistance fighter from the" Organisation Civile et Militaire (OCM)" were engaged against the German occupation. In 1947, at the city hall, André Biret was decorated with the "Liberation" medal. In 1945, Charlotte Célerié, a member of the French Communist Party (FCP),

7488-400: The unofficial capital of France from March 1871, when Adolphe Thiers ' government took refuge in Versailles, fleeing the insurrection of the Paris Commune , until November 1879, when the newly elected government and parliament returned to Paris. During the various periods when government affairs were conducted from Versailles, Paris remained the official capital of France. Versailles was made

7584-764: The village, culminating at the end of the 13th century, the so-called "century of Saint Louis ", famous for the prosperity of northern France and the building of Gothic cathedrals. The 14th century brought the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War , and with it death and destruction. At the end of the Hundred Years' War in the 15th century, the village started to recover, with a population of only 100 inhabitants. In 1561, Martial de Loménie , secretary of state for finances under King Charles IX , became lord of Versailles. He obtained permission to establish four annual fairs and

7680-623: The village. It is nowadays the "Chemin aux Bœufs" ( the Oxen Road) . As its name indicates, this secondary road was used for cattle transport from Normandy ; the animals were then inspected in Chavenay and put on sale at the Poissy and Saint-Germain-en-Laye markets . In the Middle Ages, the partition of the territory of the old Roman Empire began, giving rise to fiefdoms ruled by lords; in exchange for

7776-455: The wealthier ones sought to build second homes there. The present town hall was built in 1930. It is inserted in a complex of buildings that also includes a school, in order to accommodate the growing school population. The facade of the building still preserves on its side alleys the trace of its entrances: boys' school at the Robert-Desnos path and girls' school at the 19-March-1962 path. At

7872-478: The western suburbs of Paris. Since 1972, Versailles has been the seat of one of France's 30 nationwide académies (districts) of the Ministry of National Education. The académie de Versailles , the largest of France's thirty académies by its number of pupils and students, is in charge of supervising all the elementary schools and high schools of the western suburbs of Paris. Versailles is also an important node for

7968-455: The will of King Louis XIV , Versailles was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789, before becoming the cradle of the French Revolution . After having lost its status as a royal city, it became the préfecture (regional capital) of the Seine-et-Oise département in 1790, then of Yvelines in 1968. It is also a Roman Catholic diocese . Versailles

8064-436: The will of a king, the city has a rational and symmetrical grid of streets. By the standards of the 18th century, Versailles was a very modern European city. Versailles was used as a model for the building of Washington, D.C. , by Pierre Charles L'Enfant . Versailles has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and

8160-546: Was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign, like that of most of the early Capetians , was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low it had reached during the reign of his father, Henry I , and he added the Vexin region and the viscountcy of Bourges to his royal domaine . Philip was born c. 1052 at Champagne-et-Fontaine , the son of Henry I and his wife Anne of Kiev . Unusual for

8256-486: Was built in the Val Gally area, on the site of a country house belonging to the nuns of Notre-Dame-des-Anges de Saint-Cyr, which was burned down during the occupation of Charles le Mauvais. The seigniorial mansion was a square surrounded by a double enclosure, a defensive wall and ditches which remained until 1866, when they were filled in by Mr. Martignon. In 1368, the lands of the Clayes belonged to Jean de Meslindon, ally of

8352-630: Was celebrated in Chartres with great pomp. In 1107, Pope Paschal II met Philip and the future Louis VI in Saint-Denis , cementing a century-long alliance between the kingdom of France and the papacy against the Holy Roman Empire . Philip first married Bertha of Holland in 1072. Although the marriage produced the necessary heir, Philip fell in love with Bertrade de Montfort , the wife of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou . He repudiated Bertha (claiming she

8448-456: Was destroyed during the Hundred Years' War and was later rebuilt. The church was dedicated to Saint Martin during the reign of Henri III .In the 16th century, a wooden cartouche carved with the Roman numeral "1500" ("MC") was placed above the door of the sacristy. In the same century or the following one, frescoes were painted on the pillars of the nave. A baptismal font made of pink marble with

8544-433: Was elected mayor; she was one of the first women mayors in France. Les Clayes-sous-Bois is indeed for many decades a left-wing town, Henri Prou (FCP) mayor from 1935 to 1939, André Boulay from 1959 to 1965 then Jean Sergeant (FCP) from 1965 to 1977 and Janine Thomas (FCP) from 1977 to 2001.Since 2001, the city has been led by center-right mayors (Véronique Coté-Millard from 2001 to 2020, then succeeded by Philippe Guiguen). It

8640-457: Was elected on 26 March 1791. On 20 November 1791 the parish priest Le Duc was relieved of his duties as mayor and replaced by Nicolas Barré, prosecutor of the town . In October 1793, one of the two bells of the church was sent to the cannon foundry. On the 11th of February 1793, Catholic worship ceased and the church's silver ornaments and vases were donated for the "support of the Republic". A part of

8736-523: Was established by the mayors André Boulay and Karl Fischer in 1964, one year after the signature of the "Élysée Treaty", a friendship treaty signed at the Élysée Palace by the German chancellor Konrad Adenauer and the French president Charles de Gaulle .The group of "the Friends of the Woods" already existed since 1962, it organized meetings between the young people of the two cities. In 1964, immediately afterward,

8832-432: Was located at the corner of rue Henri-Langlois and rue Henri-Prou, where a period courtyard can still be found todayRue Henri-Prou, then called "chemin de Grande communication" and linking Les Clayes to Versailles and Neauphles (towns with which most of the commune's agricultural trade took place), was the main axis of the village, where communal life took place, with the church and the first town hall in its center, located in

8928-426: Was made the préfecture of the Yvelines département , the largest chunk of the former Seine-et-Oise . At the 2017 census the Yvelines had 1,438,266 inhabitants. Versailles is the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese (bishopric) which was created in 1790. The diocese of Versailles is subordinate to the archdiocese of Paris . In 1975, Versailles was made the seat of a Court of Appeal whose jurisdiction covers

9024-409: Was organized. In 1950, a statue of Saint Martin by Marcel Sprank was installed on the pediment of the entrance portal. A tribune was placed at the back of the nave; it was removed in 1999. In 1993, after a plastering, the frame of a large stained glass window was unveiled. The "Ateliers Loire"(Loire workshops) were then asked to design new stained glass windows for this frame and the other windows of

9120-569: Was spent putting down revolts by his power-hungry vassals. In 1077, he summoned a great host to relieve Dol-de-Bretagne and prevent the annexation of Brittany by William the Conqueror , who was forced to capitulate and make his peace with Philip. In 1082, Philip I expanded his demesne with the annexation of the Vexin, in reprisal against Robert Curthose 's attack on William's heir, William Rufus . Then in 1100, he took control of Bourges. Philip expanded

9216-459: Was too fat) and married Bertrade on 15 May 1092. In 1094 following the synod of Autun, he was excommunicated by the papal representative, Hugh of Die , for the first time; after a long silence, Pope Urban II repeated the excommunication at the Council of Clermont in November 1095. Several times the ban was lifted as Philip promised to part with Bertrade, but he always returned to her. In 1101,

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