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32-555: The society began with an initiative of Bishop Fenwick of Cincinnati, who sent Frederick Rese , his vicar-general, to Europe to recruit German priests to minister to the German-speaking Catholics who had emigrated to Ohio. Rese, a former cavalryman under Field Marshal Blücher, stimulated great interest with his accounts of life in the New World. His requests for assistance were favorably received. Members were requested to support

64-663: A general public interest in the welfare of the American missions. To strengthen this feeling and encourage the formation of a society similar to the French society Rese published a description of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati ( Abriss der Geschichte des Bisthums Cincinnati in Nord-America , Vienna, 1829), an excerpt from Father Stephen Badin 's work. The Archbishop of Vienna , Leopold Maximilian Graf von Firmian ,

96-505: A place where he found the veil of his wife Agnes, who had lost it years earlier. He established the Klosterneuburg Monastery there. He subsequently expanded the settlement to become his residence. Leopold also founded the monasteries of Heiligenkreuz , Kleinmariazell and Seitenstetten which developed a territory still largely covered by forest. All of these induced the church to canonize him in 1485. Leopold also fostered

128-450: A priest, had served as a cavalryman in the 1815 Battle of Waterloo under command of Field Marshal Blücher. He traveled to Munich and Regensburg and reached Vienna in the latter part of 1828. His accounts stimulated interest in the American missions in those with whom he came in contact. His descriptions of the New World , the scarcity of priests, and the prevailing poverty of the missions awoke

160-585: A reflection of his sense of territorial independence. He was considered a candidate in the election of the Kaiser of the Holy Roman Empire in 1125, but declined this honour. He is mainly remembered for the development of the country and, in particular, the founding of several monasteries. His most important foundation is Klosterneuburg (1108). According to legend, the Virgin Mary appeared to him and led him to

192-732: A small settlement named Connor's Creek and built a log church which they called Kirchen Wald (Church in the Woods) and where Redemptionists missionaries offered services. The name was later changed to "Chapel of the Assumption" and later "St. Mary's in the Woods" before being designated the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church . In 1838 he again travelled to Europe, where in Munich he reconciled

224-465: Is 15 November. Leopold was born at Babenberg castle in Gars am Kamp , the son of Margrave Leopold II and Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg . The Babenbergs had come to Austria from Bavaria where the family had risen to prominence in the 10th century. He grew up in the diocese of Passau under the influence of the reformer bishop Altmann of Passau . In 1096, Leopold succeeded his father as margrave of Austria at

256-514: The Austrian capital Vienna , where he helped to found the missionary Leopoldine Society , as well as Munich and Regensburg in Bavaria , Belgium and other parts of Europe until 1831, convincing many to immigrate to the U.S. and found Catholic communities. On March 8, 1833, Father Rese was named to be the first bishop of Detroit with a papal bull in which Pope Gregory XVI declared as he erected

288-475: The Austrian government and Catholic aid organizations were subsidizing Catholic immigration to the United States in order to gain control of the country. The general interest awakened by the society for the American missions not only brought out funds but donations of church utensils, Mass paraphernalia, paintings, statuary, etc. These objects were often donated by members of the imperial house. Directly due to

320-585: The German Campaign and took part in the 1815 Battle of Waterloo under command of Field Marshal Blücher . After the Napoleonic Wars, Rese adopted a clerical career. He went to Rome with the impression that his lack of education might be balanced by a willingness to work in foreign missions. He received Holy Orders from Cardinal Vicar Placido Zurla on 15 March 1823. Rese served in the Congregation for

352-638: The American Catholic missions, from 1830 to 1910, the sum of 3,402,211 kronen (about 680,500 dollars). The contributions chiefly come from the Austrian emperor, the Dioceses of Vienna, Sankt Pölten, Brun, Seckau, Prague, Königgrätz. Official reports, Berichte der Leopoldinen Stiftung , appeared, detailing the struggles and successes of the American missions and missionaries. Frederick Rese Frederick Rese (or Résé ) (February 6, 1791 – December 29, 1871)

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384-548: The Diocese of Detroit. Father Rese would be the first German-born bishop in the United States. Ten months elapsed, however, before Detroit welcomed its own bishop. Father Rese desired to be consecrated by Bishop Joseph Rosati of St. Louis , and he deferred the event until Bishop Rosati should pass through Cincinnati on his way to the Second Provincial Council of Baltimore. The consecration took place on October 6, 1833, in

416-565: The Evangelization of Peoples and in 1824 met with Edward Fenwick , first Bishop of Cincinnati , who had travelled to Rome to ask Pope Leo XII for support. The Pope engaged Rese to assist him; once arrived in the United States, he became vicar general of the Cincinnati diocese, which included Detroit. In 1828 he was sent to Europe to gain support for the Catholic missions in the U.S. He visited

448-581: The Feast of the Immaculate Conception and that of St. Leopold Marchion , the patron saint of Maria Leopoldina. Furthermore, each year on December 11, the anniversary of her death, the Society would arrange for a solemn Mass for the repose of her soul and the souls of all the deceased patrons and benefactors of the Society. Five kreuzers a week—about two cents—was a small contribution; however, little by little

480-432: The French borders for a considerable time. Other nations were not unwilling to cooperate, but were deliberating whether to start a similar society of their own or to join the one already in existence. At this time, in 1827, Bishop Edward Fenwick of Cincinnati, Ohio sent his vicar-general , Father Rese, to Europe to recruit German priests and to obtain assistance for his diocese. Rese was from Hanover, and before becoming

512-430: The Society was entirely voluntary. "As, however, everyone is free to enroll himself in this society, he may also leave it at pleasure." Members pledged to pray one Pater, one Ave, and the invocation "St. Leonard pray for us," daily, and to make weekly a small contributions of alms for the American missions. As a religious institution, the Society took as its patroness Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, and celebrated both

544-692: The age of 23. He married twice. His first wife, who died in 1105, may have been one of the von Perg family. The following year he married Agnes , the widowed sister of Emperor Henry V whom he had supported against her father Henry IV . This connection to the Salians raised the importance of the House of Babenberg , to which important royal rights over the margraviate of Austria were granted. Also, Agnes had influential connections through her previous marriage to Frederick of Hohenstaufen , one of her sons being Conrad III of Germany . Leopold called himself "Princeps Terræ",

576-453: The cathedral at Cincinnati. Following the ceremony, the two bishops set out to attend the deliberations at the council. They returned to Cincinnati at the end of November, and Bishop Rese tarried there, winding up affairs, until the end of the year. On January 7, 1834, Bishop Rese made his entry into Detroit to take possession of his see at Ste. Anne Cathedral. The parish of Most Holy Trinity was established by 1835. German immigrants established

608-417: The development of cities, such as Klosterneuburg, Vienna and Krems . The last one was granted the right to mint but never attained great importance. The writings of Henry of Melk and Ava of Göttweig , which are the first literary texts from Austria, date back to Leopold's time. He is buried in the Klosterneuburg Monastery , which he founded. His skull is kept in an embroidered reliquary, which leaves

640-642: The establishment of a Bavarian missionary association ( Ludwig-Missionsverein ) with King Louis I . About 1840 Rese became demented; uncapable to fulfil his office, he was recalled to Rome. He finally retired to a nursery home of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul in Hildesheim . In accordance with the practice of the time, he remained nominally the Bishop of Detroit for another 30 years until his death in 1871, his diocese administrated by coadjutor bishops. He

672-470: The first executive session was held. A pamphlet was designed and in it incorporated the oration of Canon Pletz together with the statutes and the corresponding regulations. The brochure was translated into all the languages spoken in the monarchy. The head office was established in the Dominican monastery and Herr Anton Carl Lichtenberg became its first actuary and Dr. Caspar Wagner its treasurer. Membership in

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704-411: The forehead exposed; it also wears an archducal hat . In 1663, under the rule of his namesake Emperor Leopold I , he was declared patron saint of Austria instead of Coloman of Stockerau . The brothers Joseph and Michael Haydn , each of whom sang in the choir of St. Stephen's Cathedral , both sang in that capacity at Klosterneuburg on this day. Joseph Haydn later became the more famous composer of

736-430: The fund commenced to swell so that from July to October, 1830, the collection amounted to $ 19,930. On 30 April 1830, a first draft of $ 10,256.04 was sent to Bishop Fenwick and four months later a second one of $ 5200, "to afford ample help and not to deal out the money in small bits and give relief practically to nobody". The arrival of large sums from abroad provoked a reaction in some quarters. Samuel Morse believed that

768-454: The missions before 1850. The beneficiaries of the society were principally the dioceses in the United States. Among the older ones Cincinnati has been most helped, but St. Louis, Bardstown, Charleston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Mobile, Boston, Detroit, New York, New Orleans, Nashville, Dubuque, Natchez, Vincennes, Richmond, Pittsburg, Chicago, St. Paul, Hartford, Milwaukee, Marquette, Galveston, Little Rock, received generous support. It spent upon

800-624: The missions through prayer and alms. A system was set up to arrange and coordinate the collection of regular small contributions that would be forwarded to the American missions. The interest generated by the society had a collateral effect of increasing the number of priests interested in ministering in America. When the Society for the Propagation of the Faith was founded in Lyons , in 1822, it did not spread beyond

832-564: The nascent society. Meanwhile, the founders were busying themselves with the internal workings of the society. A public meeting was held on 13 March 1829, at the archiepiscopal palace. Canon Joseph Pletz, of the Metropolitan Church of St. Stephen , spoke on the propagation of the Gospel and what he saw as its civilizing influences upon the nations of the world. A month later, 15 April 1829, the statutes were adopted. These were drawn up much after

864-599: The pattern of the French society. The only divergent points which need be mentioned were that the society was to be known as the Leopoldine Society -- Leopoldinenstiftung —to perpetuate the memory of the Maria Leopoldina of Austria , -Empress of Brazil, a favourite daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and wife of Pedro I of Brazil ; and that the society should exist only in Austria-Hungary . On 13 May 1829,

896-510: The society were many vocations to the missions from among the priesthood. First amongst these was Frederic Baraga , afterwards Bishop of Marquette . His example was followed by John Neumann (afterwards Bishop of Philadelphia ), Hatscher, Sanderl, Viszoczky, Belleis, Pisbach, Hammer, Kundeck, Cvitkovich, Schuh, Levic, Pirec, Skolla, Godec, Krutil, Veranek, Burg, Buchmayr, Bayer, Hasslinger, Count Coudenhove, Mark (afterwards Bishop of Marquette), Skopec, Etschmann, and many others—all of whom entered

928-602: The two. Michael Haydn later (in 1805) wrote a mass in honour of Leopold, the Missa sub titulo Sancti Leopoldi. Since the death of Emperor Leopold I, the King's Feast is celebrated in Belgium on Leopold's feast day. His first marriage, to Maria/Adelheid von Perg, was childless. By his second wife, Agnes of Germany , widow of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia : According to the Continuation of

960-636: Was a German -born American Roman Catholic bishop who served as the first Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Detroit from 1833 until his death. Rese was born in Vienenburg , a small town in the German Electorate of Hanover . Orphaned at a young age, he grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor and worked as a journeyman before joining the Hanoverian cavalry in 1813 to fight against Napoleon in

992-546: Was so well disposed towards this undertaking that he brought it to the notice of the imperial family. Father Rese was granted an audience with the emperor, whose brother, Archduke Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen , Cardinal Archbishop of Olmutz , assumed the protectorate of the missionary work. Next, the sanction of the Church was obtained. Pope Leo XII in the Papal Bull Quamquam plura sint , dated 30 Jan., 1829, approved of

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1024-561: Was succeeded by his compatriot Caspar Henry Borgess . Leopold III, Margrave of Austria Leopold III ( German : Luitpold , Latin : Leupoldus , 1073 – 15 November 1136), known as Leopold the Good , was the Margrave of Austria from 1095 to his death in 1136. He was a member of the House of Babenberg . He was canonized on 6 January 1485 and became the patron saint of Austria , Lower Austria , Upper Austria and Vienna . His feast day

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