Misplaced Pages

#958041

83-531: German literary award The Leipzig Book Fair Prize ( Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse ) is a literary award assigned annually during the Leipzig Book Fair to outstanding newly released literary works in the categories "Fiction", "Non-fiction" and "Translation". The Leipzig Book Fair Prize has been awarded since the Deutscher Bücherpreis was ceased in 2005, and

166-478: A druzhina of 3000 people. Indris was then converted to Eastern Orthodoxy , under the name of Leonty, and his sons as Konstantin and Feodor. Konstantin's grandson Andrei Kharitonovich was nicknamed Tolstiy (translated as fat ) by Vasily II of Moscow after he moved from Chernigov to Moscow. Because of the pagan names and the fact that Chernigov at the time was ruled by Demetrius I Starshy , some researchers concluded that they were Lithuanians who arrived from

249-506: A Hindu outlining his belief in non-violence as a means for India to gain independence from colonial rule . In 1909, Gandhi read a copy of the letter when he was becoming an activist in South Africa. He wrote to Tolstoy seeking proof that he was the author, which led to further correspondence. Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You also helped to convince Gandhi of nonviolent resistance ,

332-505: A centrally planned socialist economy. Because Georgism requires an administration to collect land rent and spend it on infrastructure, some assume that this embrace moved Tolstoy away from his anarchist views. However, anarchist versions of Georgism have been proposed since then. Resurrection , in which the nobleman Dmitri Ivanovich Nekhlyudov realizes that the earth cannot really be owned and that everyone should have equal access to its resources and advantages, hints that Tolstoy had such

415-682: A collection of short stories in four volumes (total of 629 stories in various genres) published along with the New Azbuka textbook and addressed to schoolchildren. Nevertheless, he was skeptical about poetry as a genre. As he famously said, "Writing poetry is like ploughing and dancing at the same time." According to Valentin Bulgakov , he criticised poets, including Alexander Pushkin , for their "false" epithets used "simply to make it rhyme." Tolstoy's contemporaries paid him lofty tributes. Fyodor Dostoyevsky , who died thirty years before Tolstoy, admired and

498-452: A copy of Howard Williams 's book The Ethics of Diet from Chertkov. His daughters translated the book into Russian and Tolstoy wrote an introductory essay titled " The First Step ", published in 1893. In his introductory essay, he described a cruel experience he had witnessed at a visit to a slaughterhouse in Tula. The cruelty he had witnessed confirmed his belief that meat should be removed from

581-606: A debt Gandhi acknowledged in his autobiography, calling Tolstoy "the greatest apostle of non-violence that the present age has produced". Their correspondence lasted only a year, from October 1909 until Tolstoy's death in November 1910, but led Gandhi to give the name Tolstoy Colony to his second ashram in South Africa. Both men also believed in the merits of vegetarianism , the subject of several of Tolstoy's essays. The Boxer Rebellion stirred Tolstoy's interest in Chinese philosophy. He

664-715: A fictitious account of his own youth, which was published in 1852. In 1851, after running up heavy gambling debts, he went with his older brother to the Caucasus and joined the army . Tolstoy served as a young artillery officer during the Crimean War and was in Sevastopol during the 11-month-long siege of Sevastopol in 1854–55, including the Battle of the Chernaya . During the war he was recognised for his courage and promoted to lieutenant. He

747-449: A much larger volume of industry trading. The Leipzig Fair was one of the first to recognize the growing market for audiobooks and incorporate this trend into its concept. In parallel to the exhibitions, the Leipzig book fair is notable for its reading festival 'Leipzig liest'. During the four-day fair Leipzig hosts over 3,600 events (2018) both in various locations throughout the city and at

830-749: A philosophical landowner (much like Tolstoy), who works alongside the peasants in the fields and seeks to reform their lives. Tolstoy not only drew from his own life experiences but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre Bezukhov and Prince Andrei in War and Peace , Levin in Anna Karenina and to some extent, Prince Nekhlyudov in Resurrection . Richard Pevear , who translated many of Tolstoy's works, said of Tolstoy's signature style, "His works are full of provocation and irony, and written with broad and elaborately developed rhetorical devices." War and Peace

913-607: A profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi , Martin Luther King Jr. , James Bevel , and Ludwig Wittgenstein . He also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism , the economic philosophy of Henry George , which he incorporated into his writing, particularly in his novel Resurrection (1899). Tolstoy received praise from countless authors and critics, both during his lifetime and after. Virginia Woolf called Tolstoy "the greatest of all novelists", and Gary Saul Morson referred to War and Peace as

SECTION 10

#1733092685959

996-512: A public execution in Paris, a traumatic experience that marked the rest of his life. In a letter to his friend Vasily Botkin , Tolstoy wrote: "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens ... Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere." Tolstoy's concept of non-violence or ahimsa was bolstered when he read a German version of

1079-490: A son. Even so, their early married life was happy and allowed Tolstoy much freedom and the support system to compose War and Peace and Anna Karenina , with Sonya acting as his secretary, editor, and financial manager. Sonya was copying and hand-writing his epic works time after time. Tolstoy would continue editing War and Peace and had to have clean final drafts to be delivered to the publisher. However, their later life together has been described by A.N. Wilson as one of

1162-1760: A translation of Chinese popular folk tales and legends, Journey to the West 2018 [ edit ] Fiction: Esther Kinsky : Hain. Geländeroman Non-fiction: Karl Schlögel : Das sowjetische Jahrhundert. Archäologie einer untergegangenen Welt Translation: Sabine Stöhr and Juri Durkot : for Serhij Zhadan ’s Internat 2019 [ edit ] Fiction: Anke Stelling : Schäfchen im Trockenen Non-fiction: Harald Jähner : Wolfszeit Translation: Eva Ruth Wemme : for Gabriela Adamesteanu ′s Dimineață pierdută (German: Verlorener Morgen ) 2020 [ edit ] Fiction: Lutz Seiler : Stern 111 Non-fiction: Bettina Hitzer : Krebs fühlen. Eine Emotionsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhundert Translation: Pieke Biermann : Oreo by Fran Ross 2021 [ edit ] Fiction: Iris Hanika : Echos Kammern Non-fiction: Heike Behrend : Menschwerdung eines Affen. Eine Autobiografie der ethnografischen Forschung Translation: Timea Tankó : Apropos Casanova. Das Brevier des Heiligen Orpheus by Miklós Szentkuthy (translated from Hungarian) 2022 [ edit ] Fiction: Tomer Gardi : Eine runde Sache Non-fiction: Uljana Wolf : Etymologischer Gossip. Essays und Reden Translation: Anne Weber : Nevermore by Cécile Wajsbrot (translated from French) 2023 [ edit ] Fiction: Dinçer Güçyeter : Unser Deutschlandmärchen Non-fiction: Regina Scheer : Bittere Brunnen. Hertha Gordon-Walcher und der Traum von der Revolution Translation: Johanna Schwering : Die Cousinen by Aurora Venturini (translated from Spanish) References [ edit ] ^ Website of

1245-658: A true Christian could find lasting happiness by striving for inner perfection through following the Great Commandment of loving one's neighbor and God, rather than guidance from the Church or state. Another distinct attribute of his philosophy based on Christ's teachings is nonresistance during conflict. This idea in Tolstoy's book The Kingdom of God Is Within You directly influenced Mahatma Gandhi and therefore also nonviolent resistance movements to this day. Tolstoy believed that

1328-610: A vegetarian diet was a long and gradual process. William Fay (Vladimir Konstantinovich Geins), who visited Tolstoy in Autumn 1885, influenced Tolstoy to become vegetarian. In 1887, Tolstoy was lapsing from a vegetarian diet by occasionally eating meat . It was only from 1890 that Tolstoy adopted a strict vegetarian diet which he was alleged to have never consciously betrayed. Tolstoy's wife Sophia argued that his vegetarian diet did not provide him enough nourishment and contributed to his digestive ailments, however, Tolstoy stated that his health

1411-453: A view. Other works, such as Tolstoy's unfinished play The Light that Shines in the Darkness and the short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?”, suggest Tolstoy's approval of small communities with local governance to manage the collective land rents for common goods, and heavily criticize state institutions such as the justice system . Tolstoy was introduced to hunting by his father, who

1494-424: Is also a Russian journalist, TV and radio host. Tolstoy is considered one of the giants of Russian literature; his works include the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina and novellas such as Hadji Murad and The Death of Ivan Ilyich . Tolstoy's earliest works, the autobiographical novels Childhood , Boyhood , and Youth (1852–1856), tell of a rich landowner's son and his slow realization of

1577-413: Is generally thought to be one of the greatest novels ever written, remarkable for its dramatic breadth and unity. Its vast canvas includes 580 characters, many historical with others fictional. The story moves from family life to the headquarters of Napoleon , from the court of Alexander I of Russia to the battlefields of Austerlitz and Borodino . Tolstoy's original idea for the novel was to investigate

1660-439: Is never dull, never stupid, never tired, never pedantic, never theatrical!" Thomas Mann wrote of Tolstoy's seemingly guileless artistry: "Seldom did art work so much like nature." Vladimir Nabokov heaped superlatives upon The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Anna Karenina ; he questioned, however, the reputation of War and Peace and sharply criticized Resurrection and The Kreutzer Sonata . However, Nabokov called Tolstoy

1743-783: Is not as terrible as it might otherwise be, because Tolstoy achieves for everyone. What he does serves to justify all the hopes and aspirations invested in literature." The 19th-century British poet and critic Matthew Arnold opined that "A novel by Tolstoy is not a work of art but a piece of life." Isaac Babel said that "if the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy." Later novelists continued to appreciate Tolstoy's art, but sometimes also expressed criticism. Arthur Conan Doyle wrote, "I am attracted by his earnestness and by his power of detail, but I am repelled by his looseness of construction and by his unreasonable and impracticable mysticism." Virginia Woolf declared him "the greatest of all novelists." James Joyce noted that, "He

SECTION 20

#1733092685959

1826-951: Is one of the most important literary awards in Germany. The winner in each category is awarded €15,000. Leipzig Book Fair Prize [ edit ] 2005 [ edit ] Fiction: Terézia Mora , Alle Tage Non-fiction: Rüdiger Safranski , Schiller oder die Erfindung des Deutschen Idealismus Translation: Thomas Eichhorn , for Les Murray 's Fredy Neptune 2006 [ edit ] Fiction: Ilija Trojanow , Der Weltensammler Non-fiction: Franz Schuh , Schwere Vorwürfe. Schmutzige Wäsche Translation: Ragni Maria Gschwend , for Antonio Moresco 's Gli esordi 2007 [ edit ] Fiction: Ingo Schulze , Handy Non-fiction: Saul Friedländer , Das Dritte Reich und die Juden 2. Die Jahre der Vernichtung 1939–1945 (in English: The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and

1909-491: Is to show that, in my personal experience, he was the only man who understood the significance of education and of the printing press in our time." Fired by enthusiasm, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana and founded 13 schools for the children of Russia's peasants, who had just been emancipated from serfdom in 1861 . Tolstoy described the schools' principles in his 1862 essay "The School at Yasnaya Polyana". His educational experiments were short-lived, partly due to harassment by

1992-539: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania . At the same time, no mention of Indris was ever found in the 14th-to-16th-century documents, while the Chernigov Chronicles used by Pyotr Tolstoy as a reference were lost. The first documented members of the Tolstoy family also lived during the 17th century, thus Pyotr Tolstoy himself is generally considered the founder of the noble house, being granted the title of count by Peter

2075-569: The Reclam Universal Library. Catalogs of the books included in the sale were produced from 1594 to 1860. Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, the fair was an important event for European book sellers, and was hosted twice yearly, occurring around Easter (Ostermesse) and St. Micheals (Michaelismesse). It remained on top until 1945 when Leipzig became part of socialist East Germany and Frankfurt, in West Germany surpassed it to regain

2158-634: The Tirukkural . He later instilled the concept in Mahatma Gandhi through his " A Letter to a Hindu " when young Gandhi corresponded with him seeking his advice. His European trip in 1860–61 shaped both his political and literary development when he met Victor Hugo . Tolstoy read Hugo's newly finished Les Misérables . The similar evocation of battle scenes in Hugo's novel and Tolstoy's War and Peace indicates this influence. Tolstoy's political philosophy

2241-477: The Tsarist secret police. However, as a direct forerunner to A.S. Neill 's Summerhill School , the school at Yasnaya Polyana can justifiably be claimed the first example of a coherent theory of democratic education . The death of his brother Nikolay in 1860 had an impact on Tolstoy, and led him to a desire to marry. On 23 September 1862, Tolstoy married Sophia Andreevna Behrs , who was sixteen years his junior and

2324-566: The Yasnaya Polyana museum since 1994 and an adviser to the President of Russia on cultural affairs since 2012. Ilya Tolstoy 's great-grandson, Pyotr Tolstoy , is a well-known Russian journalist and TV presenter as well as a State Duma deputy since 2016. His cousin Fyokla Tolstaya (born Anna Tolstaya in 1971), daughter of the acclaimed Soviet Slavist Nikita Tolstoy ( ru ) (1923–1996),

2407-477: The inner city ( Markt / Petersstrasse ) to a new location removed from the city center. After the move, the fair experienced a renaissance and continues to grow until the break by the COVID-19 pandemic . Today, the fair aims to be for the public, above all, and to emphasize the relationship between the authors and the fair's visitors. The new orientation is necessary to compete with Frankfurt Book Fair, which sees

2490-403: The "greatest Russian writer of prose fiction". Critic Harold Bloom called Hadji Murat "my personal touchstone for the sublime in prose fiction, to me the best story in the world." When William Faulkner was asked to list what he thought were the three greatest novels, he replied: " Anna Karenina, Anna Karenina , and Anna Karenina ". Critic Gary Saul Morson referred to War and Peace as

2573-507: The 15th century. The Leipzig Book Fair became the largest book fair in Germany in 1632 when it topped the fair in Frankfurt am Main in the number of books presented; Frankfurt featured 100 books, compared to Leipzig's 700 that year. The success and importance of the fair is linked to the emergence of a vibrant publishing industry in the city. By the 16th century, Leipzig was home to the first daily newspaper, Einkommende Zeitungen , as well as

Leipzig Book Fair Prize - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-569: The 1870s, Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work Confession (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount , caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist . His ideas on nonviolent resistance , expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), had

2739-436: The 1880s and became a staunch opponent of hunting due to ethical concerns about killing. In 1890 Tolstoy wrote a preface for Vladimir Chertkov 's anti-hunting pamphlet Zlaia zabava: Mysli ob okhote (An Evil Pastime: Thoughts about Hunting). Although Tolstoy in his later life opposed hunting, he never abandoned his love for horse-riding . Tolstoy first became interested in vegetarianism in 1882; however, his conversion to

2822-418: The 1900 essay, "On Anarchy," he wrote: "The Anarchists are right in everything; in the negation of the existing order, and in the assertion that, without Authority, there could not be worse violence than that of Authority under existing conditions. They are mistaken only in thinking that Anarchy can be instituted by a revolution. But it will be instituted only by there being more and more people who do not require

2905-679: The Christian art of universal brotherly love he sought to express. In his novel Resurrection , Tolstoy attempts to expose the injustice of man-made laws and the hypocrisy of an institutionalized church. Tolstoy also explores and explains the economic philosophy of Georgism , of which he had become a very strong advocate towards the end of his life. Tolstoy also tried writing poetry, with several soldier songs written during his military service, and fairy tales in verse such as Volga-bogatyr and Oaf stylized as national folk songs. They were written between 1871 and 1874 for his Russian Book for Reading ,

2988-452: The Church's doctrine because they had made a "perversion" of Christ's teachings. Tolstoy also received letters from American Quakers who introduced him to the non-violence writings of Quaker Christians such as George Fox , William Penn , and Jonathan Dymond . Later, various versions of "Tolstoy's Bible" were published, indicating the passages Tolstoy most relied on, specifically, the reported words of Jesus himself. Tolstoy believed that

3071-691: The Doukhobors to migrate to Canada. He also provided inspiration to the Mennonites , another religious group with anti-government and anti-war sentiments. In 1904, Tolstoy condemned the ensuing Russo-Japanese War and wrote to the Japanese Buddhist priest Soyen Shaku in a failed attempt to make a joint pacifist statement. Towards the end of his life, Tolstoy became occupied with the economic theory and social philosophy of Georgism . He incorporated it approvingly into works such as Resurrection (1899),

3154-474: The Eight-Nation alliance. He heard about the looting, rapes, and murders, and accused the troops of slaughter and "Christian brutality." He named the monarchs most responsible for the atrocities as Tsar Nicholas II and Kaiser Wilhelm II . He described the intervention as "terrible for its injustice and cruelty". The war was also criticized by other intellectuals such as Leonid Andreyev and Gorky. As part of

3237-1317: The Free State of Saxony Literaturpreis der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Ludwig Börne Prize Mainzer Stadtschreiber Nelly Sachs Prize Rainer-Malkowski-Preis Rheingau Literatur Preis Schiller Memorial Prize Schubart-Literaturpreis Siegfried Lenz Prize Siegfried Unseld Preis Sigmund Freud Prize Stadtschreiber von Bergen Thomas Mann Prize Uwe Johnson Prize Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize Authority control databases : National [REDACTED] Germany Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leipzig_Book_Fair_Prize&oldid=1212812114 " Categories : German non-fiction literary awards German-language literary awards Awards established in 2005 Fiction awards Translation awards Events in Leipzig Hidden categories: CS1 German-language sources (de) Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use dmy dates from September 2020 Articles containing German-language text Articles with German-language sources (de) Leipzig Book Fair The Leipzig Fair has its origins in

3320-512: The Great . Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya Polyana , a family estate 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Tula , and 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), a veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812 , and Princess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya ; 1790–1830). His mother died when he was two and his father when he

3403-2458: The Jews, 1939-1945 ) Translation: Svetlana Geier , for Fyodor Dostoyevsky 's Подросток (English: The Raw Youth ) 2008 [ edit ] Fiction: Clemens Meyer , Die Nacht, die Lichter Non-fiction: Irina Liebmann , Wäre es schön? Es wäre schön! Translation: Fritz Vogelgsang , for Joanot Martorell 's Tirant lo Blanc 2009 [ edit ] Fiction: Sibylle Lewitscharoff , Apostoloff Non-fiction: Herfried Münkler , Die Deutschen und ihre Mythen Translation: Eike Schönfeld , for Saul Bellow 's Humboldt's Gift 2010 [ edit ] Fiction: Georg Klein , Roman unserer Kindheit Non-fiction: Ulrich Raulff , Kreis ohne Meister. Stefan Georges Nachleben Translation: Ulrich Blumenbach , for David Foster Wallace 's Unendlicher Spaß 2011 [ edit ] Fiction: Clemens J. Setz , Die Liebe zur Zeit des Mahlstädter Kindes Non-fiction: Henning Ritter , Notizhefte Translation: Barbara Conrad , for Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace 2012 [ edit ] Fiction: Wolfgang Herrndorf , Sand Non-fiction: Jörg Baberowski , Verbrannte Erde. Stalins Herrschaft der Gewalt Translation: Christina Viragh , for Péter Nádas ' Parallelgeschichten 2013 [ edit ] Fiction: David Wagner , Leben Non-fiction: Helmut Böttiger , Die Gruppe 47. Als die deutsche Literatur Geschichte schrieb Translation: Eva Hesse , for Ezra Pound 's The Cantos 2014 [ edit ] Fiction: Saša Stanišić , Vor dem Fest Non-fiction: Helmut Lethen , Der Schatten des Fotografen Translation: Robin Detje , for William T. Vollmann 's Europe Central 2015 [ edit ] Fiction: Jan Wagner , Regentonnenvariationen Non-fiction: Philipp Ther , Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent Translation: Mirjam Pressler , for Amos Oz 's Judas 2016 [ edit ] Fiction: Guntram Vesper : Frohburg Non-fiction: Jürgen Goldstein : Georg Forster. Zwischen Freiheit und Naturgewalt Translation: Brigitte Döbert for Bora Ćosić ’s Die Tutoren 2017 [ edit ] Fiction: Natascha Wodin : Sie kam aus Mariupol Non-fiction: Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger : Maria Theresia. Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit Translation: Eva Lüdi Kong :

Leipzig Book Fair Prize - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-727: The Tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of the 1905 Russian Revolution , or after the establishment of the Soviet Union following the 1917 October Revolution , and many of Leo Tolstoy's relatives and descendants today live in Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Tolstoy's son, Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy , settled in Sweden and married a Swedish woman, and their descendants with family names including Tolstoy, Paus and Ceder still live in Sweden. The Paus branch of

3569-530: The absolute condemnation of all wars. His religious arguments are, however, so well combined with arguments borrowed from a dispassionate observation of the present evils, that the anarchist portions of his works appeal to the religious and the non-religious reader alike. In hundreds of essays over the last 20 years of his life, Tolstoy reiterated the anarchist critique of the state and recommended books by Kropotkin and Proudhon to his readers, while rejecting anarchism's espousal of violent revolutionary means . In

3652-463: The anarchist position as regards the state and property rights , deducing his conclusions from the general spirit of the teachings of Jesus and from the necessary dictates of reason. With all the might of his talent, Tolstoy made (especially in The Kingdom of God Is Within You ) a powerful criticism of the church, the state and law altogether, and especially of the present property laws . He describes

3735-642: The aristocracy was a burden on the poor. He opposed private land ownership and the institution of marriage, and valued chastity and sexual abstinence (discussed in Father Sergius and his preface to The Kreutzer Sonata ), ideals also held by the young Gandhi. Tolstoy's passion from the depth of his austere moral views is reflected in his later work. One example is the sequence of the temptation of Sergius in Father Sergius . Maxim Gorky relates how Tolstoy once read this passage before him and Chekhov, and Tolstoy

3818-555: The book that was a major cause for his excommunication. He spoke with great admiration of Henry George , stating once that "People do not argue with the teaching of George; they simply do not know it. And it is impossible to do otherwise with his teaching, for he who becomes acquainted with it cannot but agree." He also wrote a preface to George's journal Social Problems . Tolstoy and George both rejected private property in land (the most important source of income for Russian aristocracy that Tolstoy heavily criticized). They also rejected

3901-521: The causes of the Decembrist revolt , to which it refers only in the last chapters, from which can be deduced that Andrei Bolkonsky 's son will become one of the Decembrists. The novel explores Tolstoy's theory of history, and in particular the insignificance of individuals such as Napoleon and Alexander. Somewhat surprisingly, Tolstoy did not consider War and Peace to be a novel (nor did he consider many of

3984-463: The chasm between himself and his peasants. Though he later rejected them as sentimental, a great deal of Tolstoy's own life is revealed. They retain their relevance as accounts of the universal story of growing up. Tolstoy served as a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment during the Crimean War , recounted in his Sevastopol Sketches . His experiences in battle helped stir his subsequent pacifism and gave him material for realistic depiction of

4067-598: The criticism, Tolstoy wrote an epistle called To the Chinese people . In 1902, he wrote an open letter describing and denouncing Nicholas II's activities in China. Tolstoy also became a major supporter of the Esperanto movement. He was impressed by the pacifist beliefs of the Doukhobors and brought their persecution to the attention of the international community, after they burned their weapons in peaceful protest in 1895. He aided

4150-476: The daughter of a court physician. She was called Sonya, the Russian diminutive of Sofia, by her family and friends. They had 13 children, eight of whom survived childhood: The marriage was marked from the outset by sexual passion and emotional insensitivity when Tolstoy, on the eve of their marriage, gave her his diaries detailing his extensive sexual past and the fact that one of the serfs on his estate had borne him

4233-418: The development of Christian anarchist thought. Tolstoy believed being a Christian required him to be a pacifist; the apparently inevitable waging of war by governments is why he is considered a philosophical anarchist. The Tolstoyans were a small Christian anarchist group formed by Tolstoy's companion, Vladimir Chertkov (1854–1936), to spread Tolstoy's religious teachings. From 1892 he regularly met with

SECTION 50

#1733092685959

4316-516: The diet. In the essay he wrote that meat eating is "simply immoral, as it involves the performance of an act which is contrary to moral feeling – killing". Whilst on his vegetarian diet, Tolstoy was eating eggs daily but was questioned by one of his friends if eating eggs amounts to taking life. He commented that "Yes, I ought to have stopped taking eggs. At least from now I shall stop it". By 1903, Tolstoy had removed eggs from his diet. Vasily Rozanov who had visited Tolstoy noted that vegetarianism

4399-676: The fairgrounds, making it the largest event of its kind in Europe . The Leipzig Book Fair was cancelled for three years (2020-2022) as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic . The 2023 Fair is set to occur March 23-26. The fair is the site of the presentation of several important German book prizes: The Leipzig Book Fair Prize (2002–2004 the German Book Prize), and the Leipzig Book Award for European Understanding . The fair also sees

4482-410: The family is also closely related to Henrik Ibsen . Leo Tolstoy's last surviving grandchild, Countess Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus , died in 2007 at Herresta manor in Sweden, which is owned by Tolstoy's descendants. Swedish writer Daria Paus and jazz singer Viktoria Tolstoy are among Leo Tolstoy's Swedish descendants. One of his great-great-grandsons, Vladimir Tolstoy (born 1962), has been a director of

4565-479: The final paragraph of Schopenhauer's work. It explains how a complete denial of self causes only a relative nothingness which is not to be feared. Tolstoy was struck by the description of Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu ascetic renunciation as being the path to holiness. After reading passages such as the following, which abound in Schopenhauer's ethical chapters, the Russian nobleman chose poverty and formal denial of

4648-415: The great Russian fictions written at that time to be novels). This view becomes less surprising if one considers that Tolstoy was a novelist of the realist school who considered the novel to be a framework for the examination of social and political issues in nineteenth-century life. War and Peace (which is to Tolstoy really an epic in prose) therefore did not qualify. Tolstoy thought that Anna Karenina

4731-607: The greatest books of all time. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood , Boyhood , and Youth (1852–1856), and Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based upon his experiences in the Crimean War . His fiction includes dozens of short stories such as " After the Ball " (1911), and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), Family Happiness (1859) and Hadji Murad (1912). He also wrote plays and essays concerning philosophical, moral and religious themes. In

4814-565: The greatest of all novels. After reading Schopenhauer 's The World as Will and Representation , Tolstoy gradually became converted to the ascetic morality upheld in that work as the proper spiritual path for the upper classes. In 1869 he writes: "Do you know what this summer has meant for me? Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights which I've never experienced before....no student has ever studied so much on his course, and learned so much, as I have this summer." In Chapter VI of Confession , Tolstoy quoted

4897-436: The greatest of all novels. Tolstoy never having won a Nobel Prize was a major Nobel Prize controversy , and remains one. The Tolstoys were a well-known family of old Russian nobility who traced their ancestry to a mythical nobleman named Indris described by Pyotr Tolstoy as arriving "from Nemec, from the lands of Caesar" to Chernigov in 1353 along with his two sons Litvinos (or Litvonis) and Zimonten (or Zigmont) and

4980-448: The horrors of war in his later work. His fiction consistently attempts to convey realistically the Russian society in which he lived. The Cossacks (1863) describes the Cossack life and people through a story of a Russian aristocrat in love with a Cossack girl. Anna Karenina (1877) tells parallel stories of an adulterous woman trapped by the conventions and falsities of society and of

5063-557: The land as a mendicant. In 1884, Tolstoy wrote a book called What I Believe , in which he openly confessed his Christian beliefs. He affirmed his belief in Jesus Christ's teachings and was particularly influenced by the Sermon on the Mount , and the injunction to turn the other cheek , which he understood as a "commandment of non-resistance to evil by force" and a doctrine of pacifism and nonviolence . In his work The Kingdom of God Is Within You , he explains that he considered mistaken

SECTION 60

#1733092685959

5146-877: The nominations for the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis . In 2010 the fair experienced record attendance, registering 156,000 visitors and 2071 publishers from 39 countries. In 2012 there were 163,000 visitors, and in 2019, 286,000 visitors. 51°23′48″N 12°24′10″E  /  51.39667°N 12.40278°E  / 51.39667; 12.40278 Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( / ˈ t oʊ l s t ɔɪ , ˈ t ɒ l -/ ; Russian: Лев Николаевич Толстой , IPA: [ˈlʲef nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj] ; 9 September [ O.S. 28 August] 1828 – 20 November [ O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy ,

5229-569: The number one spot. During the East German era the fair remained an important meeting place for book lovers and sellers from both East and West Germany. It provided access to Western publications for East Germans, who were not legally allowed to purchase the material, but could read it at the Fair. After German Reunification , the fair moved from the Trade Fair House Messehaus am Markt in

5312-1637: The prize ^ "Leipziger Buchpreis: Vier Autorinnen auf der Shortlist" . ZEIT ONLINE (in German) . Retrieved 28 May 2021 . ^ "Lutz Seiler gewinnt Belletristik-Preis" . ZEIT ONLINE (in German) . Retrieved 28 May 2021 . ^ Platthaus, Andreas (21 March 2019). "Preise der Leipziger Buchmesse: Das übersehene Buch der Außenseiterin gewinnt" . FAZ.NET (in German) . Retrieved 28 May 2021 . ^ "Iris Hanika gewinnt Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse" . ZEIT ONLINE (in German) . Retrieved 28 May 2021 . ^ "Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse: Iris Hanika gewinnt in der Belletristik-Kategorie" . DER SPIEGEL (in German). 28 May 2021 . Retrieved 28 May 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (in German and English) v t e German literary awards Anna Seghers Prize Bertolt-Brecht-Literaturpreis Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels Friedrich Nietzsche Prize Georg Büchner Prize German Book Prize Goethe Prize Hannelore Greve Literature Prize Heinrich-Böll-Preis Großer Preis des Deutschen Literaturfonds Jean-Paul-Preis Johann-Heinrich-Merck-Preis Joseph-Breitbach-Preis Kleist Prize Leipzig Book Award for European Understanding Leipzig Book Fair Prize Lessing Prize of

5395-546: The protection of governmental power ... There can be only one permanent revolution – a moral one: the regeneration of the inner man." Despite his misgivings about anarchist violence , Tolstoy took risks to circulate the prohibited publications of anarchist thinkers in Russia , and corrected the proofs of Kropotkin's "Words of a Rebel", illegally published in St Petersburg in 1906. In 1908, Tolstoy wrote A Letter to

5478-406: The state as the domination of the wicked ones, supported by brutal force. Robbers, he says, are far less dangerous than a well-organized government. He makes a searching criticism of the prejudices which are current now concerning the benefits conferred upon men by the church, the state, and the existing distribution of property, and from the teachings of Jesus he deduces the rule of non-resistance and

5561-417: The student-activist Vasily Maklakov who would defend several Tolstoyans; they discussed the fate of the Doukhobors . Philosopher Peter Kropotkin wrote of Tolstoy in the article on anarchism in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica : Without naming himself an anarchist, Leo Tolstoy, like his predecessors in the popular religious movements of the 15th and 16th centuries, Chojecki , Denk and many others, took

5644-741: The thought of the Chinese anarchist group Society for the Study of Socialism. Tolstoy denounced the intervention by the Eight-Nation Alliance (which included Russia) in the Boxer Rebellion in China , the Filipino-American War , and the Second Boer War . Tolstoy praised the Boxer Rebellion and harshly criticized the atrocities of the Russian, German, American, Japanese, and other troops of

5727-470: The unhappiest in literary history. Tolstoy's relationship with his wife deteriorated as his beliefs became increasingly radical. This saw him seeking to reject his inherited and earned wealth, including the renunciation of the copyrights on his earlier works. When he was finishing up the last installments of Anna Karenina Tolstoy was in an anguished state of mind and he began putting away guns and ropes out of fear that he would kill himself. Some members of

5810-529: The will: But this very necessity of involuntary suffering (by poor people) for eternal salvation is also expressed by that utterance of the Savior ( Matthew 19:24 ): "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Therefore, those who were greatly in earnest about their eternal salvation, chose voluntary poverty when fate had denied this to them and they had been born in wealth. Thus Buddha Sakyamuni

5893-607: Was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909. Born into an aristocratic family, Tolstoy's notable works include the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1878), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction and two of

5976-495: Was a famous sinophile , and read the works of Confucius and Lao Zi. Tolstoy wrote Chinese Wisdom and other texts about China. Tolstoy corresponded with the Chinese intellectual Gu Hongming and recommended that China remain an agrarian nation, and not reform like Japan. Tolstoy and Gu opposed the Hundred Day's Reform by Kang Youwei and believed that the reform movement was perilous. Tolstoy's ideology of non-violence shaped

6059-520: Was a way of living for Tolstoy and at the dinner table surrounded by family and guests who were eating meat and scrambled eggs, Tolstoy was eating kasha . In a letter to A. D. Zutphen (a Dutch medical student), Tolstoy wrote that "My health not only has not suffered; it has in fact improved significantly since I have given up milk, butter and eggs, as well as sugar, tea, and coffee." Tolstoy described his vegetarian diet consisting of oatmeal porridge, whole wheat bread, cabbage or potato soup, buckwheat ,

6142-531: Was also influenced by a March 1861 visit to French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , then living in exile under an assumed name in Brussels. Tolstoy reviewed Proudhon's forthcoming publication, La Guerre et la Paix (" War and Peace " in French), and later used the title for his masterpiece. The two men also discussed education, as Tolstoy wrote in his educational notebooks: "If I recount this conversation with Proudhon, it

6225-457: Was an avid huntsman. He was trained to hunt from a young age and became a passionate huntsman himself. He was known to shoot duck , quail , snipe, woodcock and otters. For example, Tolstoy wrote in his diary on 23 March 1852, "the weather was marvellous; went out hunting, rode up and down the undulating country till one. Killed two ducks." His novel War and Peace includes hunting scenes. Tolstoy spent decades hunting, but stopped sometime in

6308-493: Was appalled by the number of deaths involved in warfare, and left the army after the end of the Crimean War. His experience in the army, and two trips around Europe in 1857 and 1860–61 converted Tolstoy from a dissolute and privileged society author to a non-violent and spiritual anarchist . Others who followed the same path were Alexander Herzen , Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin . During his 1857 visit, Tolstoy witnessed

6391-477: Was born a prince, but voluntarily took to the mendicant's staff; and Francis of Assisi , the founder of the mendicant orders who, as a youngster at a ball, where the daughters of all the notabilities were sitting together, was asked: "Now Francis, will you not soon make your choice from these beauties?" and who replied: "I have made a far more beautiful choice!" "Whom?" " La povertà (poverty)": whereupon he abandoned every thing shortly afterwards and wandered through

6474-455: Was delighted by Tolstoy's novels (and, conversely, Tolstoy also admired Dostoyevsky's work). Gustave Flaubert , on reading a translation of War and Peace , exclaimed, "What an artist and what a psychologist!" Anton Chekhov , who often visited Tolstoy at his country estate, wrote, "When literature possesses a Tolstoy, it is easy and pleasant to be a writer; even when you know you have achieved nothing yourself and are still achieving nothing, this

6557-583: Was his first true novel. After Anna Karenina , Tolstoy concentrated on Christian themes, and his later novels such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886) and What Is to Be Done? develop a radical anarcho-pacifist Christian philosophy which led to his excommunication from the Russian Orthodox Church in 1901. After his religious conversion, Tolstoy came to reject most modern Western culture, including his novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina , as elitist "counterfeit art" with different aims from

6640-418: Was moved to tears by the end of the reading. Later passages of rare power include the personal crises faced by the protagonists of The Death of Ivan Ilyich , and of Master and Man , where the main character in the former and the reader in the latter are made aware of the foolishness of the protagonists' lives. In 1886, Tolstoy wrote to the Russian explorer and anthropologist Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay , who

6723-532: Was nine. Tolstoy and his siblings were brought up by relatives. In 1844, he began studying law and oriental languages at Kazan University , where teachers described him as "both unable and unwilling to learn". Tolstoy left the university in the middle of his studies, returned to Yasnaya Polyana and then spent much time in Moscow, Tula and Saint Petersburg, leading a lax and leisurely lifestyle. He began writing during this period, including his first novel Childhood ,

6806-472: Was not deprived on the diet but had improved. Critics of Tolstoy such as I. S. Listovsky suggested that Tolstoy's writing talent went into decline after he adopted a meatless diet. Tolstoy became a vegetarian for ethical and spiritual reasons, associating a meatless diet with "high moral views on life". He viewed both hunting and eating meat as a moral evil as they involve unnecessary cruelty to animals and regretted his former habits. In 1891, Tolstoy obtained

6889-412: Was one of the first anthropologists to refute polygenism , the view that the different races of mankind belonged to different species: "You were the first to demonstrate beyond question by your experience that man is man everywhere, that is, a kind, sociable being with whom communication can and should be established through kindness and truth, not guns and spirits." Tolstoy had a profound influence on

#958041