90-615: Great Depression and Aftermath Cold War New Left Contemporary Active Historical Left Renewal was a political faction that existed within The Greens NSW , which was established publicly in late 2016. Described by elements of the media as hard left , it regularly promoted ideologies and beliefs such as anti-capitalism , anti-imperialism , feminism , and anti-racist arguments through its online spaces and community events. Left Renewal launched their official Statement of Principles in late December 2016. It mirrors
180-626: A 'Grassroots Greens' faction of the Victorian Greens branch was made public. While this group purports to be aligned with Left Renewal, both groups have maintained that they are two separate entities. In June 2017 Rhiannon was suspended from the Federal Greens party room following an internal dispute over her opposition to the Federal Greens' support for the Turnbull government education funding changes. The Greens New South Wales subsequently issued
270-418: A blind eye as there were no other accommodation available. For Australians, the decade of the 1930s began with problems of huge unemployment, because the fall of the stock markets on Wall Street reduced confidence throughout the world. Most governments reacted to the crisis with similar policies, aimed at slashing back government spending and paying back loans. The Australian government could do little to change
360-463: A cage to prevent arrest. Overall campaigning was successful in terms of gaining improved welfare and relief as well as in disrupting and preventing housing evictions across Australia. Extraordinary sporting successes did something to alleviate the spirits of Australians during the economic downturn. In a Sheffield Shield cricket match at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 1930, Don Bradman ,
450-815: A campaign that was ultimately successful with the Fund divesting the entirety of its tobacco holdings (approximately AUD $ 250 million) in 2012. Di Natale also helped establish Senate inquiries into a number of issues of public significance including budget cuts, medicinal cannabis, the emergence of "superbugs", hospital funding, air pollution, pharmaceutical transparency, sports science and gambling reform. Di Natale conducts ongoing campaigns for improved human rights in Indonesia's West Papua, timely access to cost-effective drugs through Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme , and science-based public health policies in areas such as wind farms and vaccination policy. Di Natale
540-554: A conference in Melbourne where he recommended a traditional deflationary response of balanced budgets to combat Australia's high levels of debt and insisted that interest on loans be met. It entailed the balancing of the budget through expenditure and wage cuts, without additional overseas borrowing, necessitating reductions in social welfare programs, defence spending and other sweeping cutbacks. The Premiers and Prime Minister Scullin agreed to this Melbourne Plan , which would go on to form
630-591: A couple of days later, Black Thursday would mark the start of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent global onset of the Great Depression. From the outset the Scullin administration was buffeted by the effects of the global economic crisis. Throughout Scullin's term, commodity prices continued to fall, unemployment rose, and Australia's big cities were depopulated as thousands of unemployed men took to
720-551: A couple of days later, "Black Thursday" would mark the start of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent global onset of the Great Depression. From the outset the government was buffeted by the effects of the global economic crisis. With the government unable to implement the deflationary Premiers' Plan , Labor had split by 1931 over how to deal with the crisis, with Treasurer Ted Theodore failing to implement his Keynesian inflationary plans, and New South Wales Premier Jack Lang losing office over his plans to boost
810-797: A devoted Australian public went into shock. The 1938 British Empire Games were held in Sydney at the Cricket Ground from 5–12 February, timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Unlike the United States, where Franklin Roosevelt 's inflationary New Deal attempted to stimulate the American economy, New Zealand where Michael Savage 's pioneering welfare state tried to reduce hardship, or
900-701: A fiery left-wing populist , campaigned vigorously against the provisions of the Melbourne Agreement. He was elected in a landslide in the NSW state election of 1930 . Scullin departed for an Imperial economic conference in London, necessitating an absence of five months, during which time he managed to secure reduced interest payments for Australia. With James Fenton as acting Prime Minister and Joseph Lyons as acting treasurer in his absence, Labor continued to negotiate Australia's economic response, with Fenton and Lyons advocating
990-415: A major influence on the white paper. Between 1947 and 1949 Chifley also attempted to nationalise the banking sector, arguing that public control over the finance industry would assist in preventing further depressions. These plans saw bitter and protracted opposition from the media, conservative parties and the banks themselves. The High Court of Australia ruled that the proposed nationalisation of banks
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#17328765551481080-518: A more conservative fiscal approach and the unions and caucus calling for repudiation of debts. In 1931 at an economic crisis conference in Canberra , Jack Lang issued his own programme for economic recovery. The Lang Plan advocated the repudiation of interest payments to overseas creditors until domestic conditions improved, the abolition of the Gold Standard to be replaced by a Goods Standard where
1170-692: A new political home.” Former Greens leader Bob Brown described the group as a "hoax". Great Depression in Australia Australia was affected badly during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. As in other nations, Australia had years of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation , plunging incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement. The Australian economy and foreign policy largely rested upon its place as
1260-626: A primary producer within the British Empire , and Australia's important export industries, particularly primary products such as wool and wheat , suffered significantly from the collapse in international demand. Unemployment reached a record high of around 30% in 1932, and gross domestic product declined by 10% between 1929 and 1931. There were also incidents of civil unrest , particularly in Australia's largest city, Sydney . Though Australian Communist and far right movements were active in
1350-422: A rejection of class antagonism, and that a rejection of capitalism also depends on a rejection of the state’s legitimacy and the right of it, and its apparatuses, to impose oppression upon the working class and oppressed people. This, it argues, is in order to liberate the working class and all oppressed people. This includes state-mediated oppression in all of its forms, and recognises that violent apparatuses like
1440-612: A row. Famous victories included the 1930 Melbourne Cup , following an assassination attempt and carrying 9 stone 12 pounds weight. Phar Lap sailed for the United States in 1931, going on to win North America's richest race, the Agua Caliente Handicap in Tijuana , Mexico, in 1932. Soon after, on the cusp of US success, Phar Lap developed suspicious symptoms and died. Theories swirled that the champion race horse had been poisoned and
1530-528: A slow recovery. Unemployment, which peaked at 32% in 1932, was 11% at the start of the Second World War compared to 17.2% in the United States. Following Lyons' death in 1939, Robert Menzies assumed the United Australia Party leadership and the prime ministership, however the 1940 federal election resulted in a hung parliament . A year later, Menzies' minority government was brought down in
1620-454: A statement reiterating its support for Senator Rhiannon and support for public education. The group has drawn criticism from former Federal Greens Leader Richard Di Natale , completely dismissing the group as incompatible with the Greens principles and values, saying that, “If the authors of this ill-thought through manifesto are so unhappy with Greens policies, perhaps they should consider finding
1710-500: A young New South Welshman of just 21 years of age wrote his name into the record books by smashing the previous highest batting score in first-class cricket with 452 runs not out in just 415 minutes. The rising star's world-beating cricketing exploits were to provide much needed joy to Australians through the emerging Great Depression and Post World War One recovery. Between 1929 and 1931 the racehorse Phar Lap dominated Australia's racing industry, at one stage winning fourteen races in
1800-708: A ‘no confidence’ and the government fell. At the 1931 federal election , the ALP were left with just 14 seats after losing 32 seats, though an extra 4 seats were won by NSW Lang Labor. The Lyons-led United Australia Party in Coalition with the Country Party commenced its first term of government in January 1932. Before being voted out of office, the Scullin government had covered NSW's debt default. The federal government had paid NSW's bond installments and intended to recoup this money from
1890-406: Is needed that recognises that all people are part of a global ecosystem irrespective of ethnicity, gender, or sexuality. As a logical conclusion to this, the group argues that people can only resolve climate change by achieving climate justice; again, providing a simple summation of, "None of us are free, until we are all free". This follows on to the argument that the interests of the environment, and
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#17328765551481980-418: Is required by members that they respect, implement and where necessary, bind on the organisation's democratic decisions. The group states, quite simply, that, "In unity there is strength." Left Renewal has argued, and actively organised, for the direct and democratic election of the party's parliamentary leader. The group is generally in favour of a leader-less national structure, with greater agency invested in
2070-577: The 1929 federal election . Scullin was elected Prime Minister in a landslide which saw Stanley Bruce voted out as the Member for Flinders , the only time until the 2007 federal election that a sitting Prime Minister lost his seat. The James Scullin Labor Government had just assumed power with the commencement of the Scullin Ministry on 22 October following the 1929 federal election , however just
2160-663: The 1946 federal election , before their defeat at the 1949 federal election by the Menzies-led Liberal Party of Australia in Coalition with the Country Party . The comprehensive economic and social reforms and reformist nature of the Chifley Labor government was such that between 1946 and 1949, the Australian Parliament passed 299 Acts , a record until then, well beyond Labor's Andrew Fisher 's 113 Acts from 1910 to 1913. Curtin and Chifley, who often used
2250-553: The City of London at an average of £30 million per annum. In 1910, the federal government introduced a national currency, the Australian pound , which it pegged to the pound sterling . In effect, Australia was on the gold standard through the British peg. In 1914, Britain removed the pound sterling from the gold standard, creating inflation pressures. Britain returned the pound sterling to
2340-575: The House of Representatives when the two independents crossed the floor and switched their support to Labor, bringing John Curtin to power during World War II . At the 1943 federal election , Curtin led Labor to their greatest House of Representatives victory both in terms of proportion of seats and their strongest national two-party vote. Curtin died in 1945 however, and was succeeded as Labor leader and prime minister by Ben Chifley , who would lead Labor to their first successful federal re-election attempt at
2430-555: The Lang Plan in February 1931, which included a temporary cessation of interest repayments on debts to Britain and that interest on all government borrowings be reduced to 3% to free up money for injection into the economy. In 1929, as an emergency measure, Australia took the Australian pound off the gold standard, resulting in a devaluation relative to sterling. Starting in September 1930,
2520-584: The Senate . In the Senate, they were in a shared balance of power position after the 2007 federal election and the 2013 federal election . Di Natale secured almost $ 5 billion towards Medicare-funded dentistry, which he described as "laying the foundations for Denticare" – the Greens' policy of universally available Medicare-funded dentistry. Di Natale campaigned against the Future Fund 's holdings in tobacco funds,
2610-442: The capitalist mode of production and all other forms of class society , requiring them to take a strong stance on the struggle of the working class . This understanding of the working class extends "past the factory" to include home workers , sex workers , and others. It promotes workplace organising and support union activity as a vital political activity, whether in syndicates or traditional union structures. As part of this,
2700-477: The conciliation and arbitration system of judicially supervised collective bargaining which had been the cornerstone of Australia's industrial relations system since the 1900s, which would allow employers alone to increase or decrease employee wages in response to economic and market conditions. The opposition Australian Labor Party , led by James Scullin , successfully depicted Stanley Bruce as wanting to destroy Australia's high wages and working conditions in
2790-493: The means of production . It rejects the idea that society can truly be changed through ‘good people’ gaining control of authoritarian and exploitative power structures, and that individual changes to personal consumption can create change. Finally, it outlines the necessity to take strategic concerns seriously. This includes unity and solidarity on the principle that work should serve to accomplish political goals, strengthen grassroots movements, build political consciousness, and lead
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2880-734: The 1920s, including the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Sydney's underground railway system in addition to the Commonwealth government beginning to fund major highways. New dams and grain elevators were built, and the rural railway network was expanded in nearly every state. Large sums of government money were made available to provide returned First World War servicemen with farmland and agricultural equipment under soldier settlement schemes. All these publicly funded projects were paid for by loans raised by both state and federal governments. Most of these loans were raised on capital markets in
2970-586: The Australian Federal and State governments to cut spending by 20%, including cuts to wages and pensions and was to be accompanied by tax increases, reductions in interest on bank deposits and a 22.5% reduction in the interest the government paid on internal loans. The policy contrasted with the approach put forward by the British economist John Maynard Keynes and which was pursued by the United States, which held that governments needed to spend their way out of
3060-707: The Australian banks began to slowly devalue the Australian pound, and a year later it had been devalued 30% against the Pound Sterling. This had the economic effect of increasing the cost of imported goods and increasing the cost of servicing government overseas debts, which were denominated in the overseas currency, typically in sterling. Jack Lang , the Labor Party Leader of the Opposition in New South Wales and
3150-557: The Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives, known as "the Group", whose number included future prime minister Robert Menzies . In parliament on 13 March 1931, though still a member of the ALP, Lyons supported a no confidence motion against the Scullin Labor government. The United Australia Party was then formed from a coalition of citizens’ groups and with
3240-467: The Depression, they remained largely on the periphery of Australian politics, failing to achieve the power shifts obtained in Europe, and the democratic political system of the young Australian Federation survived the strain of the period. The James Scullin Labor Government had just assumed power with the commencement of the Scullin Ministry on 22 October following the 1929 federal election , however just
3330-654: The Depression. The plan was signed by New South Wales Labor Premier Jack Lang , but he was a notable critic of its underlying philosophy and went on to pursue his own policy of defaulting on debt repayments, which led to confrontation with the Federal Scullin and Lyons governments and resulted in the Lang Dismissal Crisis of 1932. The Labor Party soon split into three separate factions. Jack Lang and his supporters, mainly in New South Wales, were expelled from
3420-502: The Four Pillars that are the foundation policies of The Australian Greens and state Greens branches, with added emphasis on the intersection between these pillars and a critique of capitalism. The group has also made comment, through Facebook posts, printed flyers, and other media, on issues such as left populism , the rise of Jeremy Corbyn , rape culture , carceral feminism, Indigenous sovereignty , Palestinian self-determination and
3510-464: The Greens' election strategy had been successful, with voters now seeing them as a major party. Di Natale has written in favour of legalising cannabis and against the war on drugs , as well as his support for a universal basic income . At the 2010 federal election , the Australian Greens achieved a shared balance of power in the House of Representatives and the sole balance of power in
3600-407: The Greens. Reiterating the grassroots underpinning of the pillar, it outlines that change can only come from below, not from bureaucratic declaration and mediation. In terms of its internal organising practices, Left Renewal states that a "degree of tactical unity" is necessary in order to have real collective influence. Once decision-making has taken place, in a participatory and democratic fashion, it
3690-538: The Lyons period gave Australia "stability and eventual growth" between the drama of the Depression and the outbreak of the Second World War. A lowering of wages was enforced and industry tariff protections maintained, which together with cheaper raw materials during the 1930s saw a shift from agriculture to manufacturing as the chief employer of the Australian economy - a shift which was consolidated by increased investment by
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3780-553: The NSW Government. A dramatic episode in Australian history followed Lyons first electoral victory. When NSW Premier Jack Lang refused to pay interest on overseas State debts, the Lyons government stepped in and paid the debts and then passed the Financial Agreement Enforcement Act to recover the money it had paid. In an effort to frustrate this move, Lang ordered State departments to pay all receipts directly to
3870-639: The Northern Territory, on HIV prevention in India and in the drug and alcohol sector. Di Natale was a Greens Senate candidate from 2004. Di Natale also ran for the position of Lord Mayor of Melbourne in 2004, coming second to the elected John So . In both 2002 and 2006, Di Natale was narrowly defeated in the seat of Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly , almost unseating ALP health minister Bronwyn Pike . He received 48% of
3960-457: The Senate, citing family responsibilities. Adam Bandt was elected unopposed to replace Di Natale for the leadership role. Lidia Thorpe was selected by Greens members to fill the Senate vacancy caused by Di Natale's resignation. Di Natale resigned from the Senate on 26 August 2020. Di Natale supports legalising recreational cannabis usage, and has admitted to having smoked marijuana before. Di Natale, his wife and two sons live on
4050-581: The Treasury instead of into Government bank accounts. The New South Wales Governor , Sir Philip Game , intervened on the basis that Lang had acted illegally in breach of the state Audit Act and sacked the Lang Government , who then suffered a landslide loss at the subsequent 1932 state election . Australia would recover relatively quickly from the global financial downturn, with recovery beginning around 1932. Lyons pursued an orthodox fiscal policy, favouring
4140-579: The United Kingdom where rearmament (from 1936) increased deficit spending, there was no significant mechanism for inflationary Keynesian economic policy responses in Australia. Australia's recovery during the 1930s was led by the manufacturing sector. Federation in 1901 had granted only limited power to the federal government. For example, income taxes were collected by the State governments. Some argued that Australia's protectionist high tariffs worked to hurt
4230-461: The United Kingdom's terms of trade . A sluggish economy in Britain naturally reduced British demand for imports from Australia throughout the 1920s and this had affected Australia's balance of payments. Throughout the 1920s the Australian unemployment rate floated between 6% and 11%. The Great War had also caused many necessary infrastructure projects to be delayed or abandoned, many of which began in
4320-465: The United States, did not embark on a significant Keynesian program of spending to recover from the Depression. Nevertheless, the Australian recovery began around 1932. Australians took consolation from sporting achievements through the Depression, with cricketer Don Bradman and race horse Phar Lap achieving long-lasting fame. The Great War ( World War I ) had depleted Britain's savings and foreign investments, and wartime inflation had deeply upset
4410-489: The amount of money in circulation was linked to the amount of goods produced, and the immediate injection of £18 million of new money into the economy in the form of Commonwealth Bank of Australia credit. The Prime Minister and all other state Premiers refused. With the rejection of the Theodore and Lang inflationary plans, the governments of Australia met to negotiate a compromise in 1931. The resulting Premiers' Plan required
4500-453: The basis of the Premiers' Plan . Ted Theodore , Treasurer in Scullin's Government, supported an inflationary policy of increased government spending in times of a recession, a view espoused in 1936 by John Maynard Keynes . The Senate and Commonwealth Bank (then also acting as the country's central bank) rejected Theodore's spending plans. The Labor Premier of New South Wales meanwhile announced
4590-590: The budget through a temporary cessation of interest repayments on debts to Britain and that interest on all government borrowings be reduced by 3% to free up money for injection into the economy. Labor defector Joseph Lyons helped to form the United Australia Party through the ending of the Nationalist Party of Australia and succeeded Scullin as Prime Minister of Australia from the 1931 federal election until his death in 1939. Thus Australia, unlike
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#17328765551484680-607: The commonwealth government into defence and armaments manufacture. Lyons saw restoration of Australia's exports as the key to economic recovery. A devalued Australian currency assisted in restoring a favourable balance of trade. During the Great Depression, different parts of Australian society experienced different hardships, challenges and opportunities. There was increased movement of many people to and from country areas in search of work. City and urban people planted gardens to produce fruit and vegetables. In some urban areas co-operatives were formed based on barter systems to share what
4770-528: The countryside in search of menial agricultural work. The stagnant economy had reduced economic activity and therefore tax revenues. However, the debt commitments of both state and federal governments remained the same. Australia became severely at risk of defaulting on its foreign debt which had been accumulated during the relative prosperity and infrastructure-building frenzy of the 1920s. The Great Depression in Australia saw huge levels of unemployment and economic suffering amid plummeting export income. Although
4860-426: The deflationary economic measures of the Premiers' Plan , and refused to accept NSW Premier Jack Lang's proposals to default on overseas debt repayments. Australia entered the Depression with a debt crisis and a credit crisis. According to author Anne Henderson of the conservative Sydney Institute [1] , Lyons held a steadfast belief in "the need to balance budgets, lower costs to business and restore confidence" and
4950-440: The degree to which they are affected. Left Renewal argues that democracy "must come from the people, not from the bureaucracy"; a reference to the structure and function of the faction, of the party-at-large, and of society-at-large. Furthering this critique of bureaucracy, it argues that this can function as a mediator to suppress radical change. As such, and because of this, the group supports rank-and-file control of unions and of
5040-605: The economic downturn was a product of international events, Australian governments grappled with how to respond. Conventional economists said governments should pursue deflationary policies. Radicals proposed inflationary responses and increased government spending. Division emerged within the Labor Party over how to respond. In August 1930, Scullin invited Sir Otto Niemeyer of the Bank of England to come to Australia to advise on economic policy. Niemeyer met with Federal and State leaders at
5130-404: The economy and that influential interest groups sought no change in this aspect of policy. Additionally, there was no significant banking reform or nationalisation of private businesses. The devaluation of the Australian pound, abandonment of the Gold Standard, recovery of major trading partners like the United Kingdom and public works projects instituted by State and local governments led to
5220-466: The effects of the depression strongly. Because of the severe economic contraction, the reduction of purchasing goods, employers couldn’t afford to keep excessive workers. A five-year unemployment average for 1930-34 was 23.4%, with a peak of approximately 30% of the nation being unemployed in 1932. This was one of the most severe unemployment rates in the industrialised world, exceeded only by Germany. Many hundreds of thousands of Australians suddenly faced
5310-416: The effects of the slump and the tough economic times ahead. This affected the country in many ways. Because of economic downturn, people’s lives changed drastically. Australia had supplied huge amounts of wool for uniforms during World War 1, and many exports helped Australia achieve a high standard of living in the 1920s. The majority of the people of Australia lived very well prior to the fall, so they felt
5400-411: The gold standard in 1925 at pre-1913 parity, effectively revaluing both currencies significantly and unleashing crushing deflationary pressures and falling export demand. This had the immediate effect of making British and Australian exports far less competitive in non-British markets, and affected Australia's terms of trade. In 1931, as an emergency measure during the Great Depression, Australia left
5490-484: The gold standard, resulting in a devaluation relative to sterling. A variety of pegs to sterling applied until December 1931, when the government set a rate of £1 Australian = 16 shillings sterling. This was intended to ease entry of Australian goods into the British and other linked markets. Falling export demand and commodity prices placed massive downward pressures on wages, particularly in industries such as coal mining. Due to falling prices, bosses were unable to pay
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#17328765551485580-486: The government continue the use of Keynesian methods in economic policy as well as further expansion of the Curtin and Chifley economic and social legacies . Richard Di Natale Richard Luigi Di Natale ( Italian pronunciation: [di naˈta.le] ; born 6 June 1970) is a former Australian politician who was a senator for Victoria . He was also the leader of the Australian Greens from 2015 to 2020. Di Natale
5670-452: The government, joining the opposition Nationalist Party to form the United Australia Party . The Australian Labor Party would remain in government through the parliamentary term however, with Scullin as Prime Minister, and except for a brief stint by Scullin, Theodore as Treasurer. The stance of Joseph Lyons and James Fenton against the far more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal with
5760-475: The group commits to never undermining the industrial action of workers, a reference to the practice of ' scabbing ' on striking workers by crossing a picket-line. Furthermore, the group pledges to join a union of some form in whatever place they may work. As part of the social justice principle, the group recognises the need to create alternatives to and challenge all authoritarian and exploitative economic models, which it argues must ultimately require socialising
5850-492: The group opposes consumer taxes, such as ‘ cap and trade ’ mechanisms, and cross-class compromises with big business and capital. It has been alleged that the group is aligned with former Senator Lee Rhiannon and Senator David Shoebridge , though the group denies any involvement from current or former MPs. According to the group's own description, it is composed of rank and file Greens NSW members and as such MPs, MLCs, and senators are not eligible for membership. In early 2017,
5940-443: The humiliation of poverty and unemployment. This was still the era of traditional social family structure, where the man was expected to be the sole bread winner. Soup kitchens and charity groups made brave attempts to feed the many starving and destitute. The male suicide rate spiked in 1930 and it became clear that Australia had limits to the resources for dealing with the crisis. The depression's sudden and widespread unemployment hit
6030-577: The party and formed a left-wing splinter party officially known as the New South Wales Labor Party , commonly known as Lang Labor . The Minister for Public Works and Railways, Joseph Lyons , led a conservative faction, which believed in the deflationary approach of balanced budgets and cuts in spending and opposed defaulting on debt repayments. When the more radical Ted Theodore was reinstated as Treasurer by Scullin on 29 January, Joseph Lyons and James Fenton along with three others resigned from
6120-400: The party, primarily through Richard Di Natale and the party Co-convenors. Finally, Left Renewal outlines their approach to environmental sustainability as a movement to achieve climate justice , primarily through forms of eco-socialism . It is heavily argued that the intersection between society and environment cannot be separated, and that an internationalist perspective of climate justice
6210-465: The plan for a white paper on full employment. This white paper served a variety of roles; to establish the priority of full employment; to ensure the depression would not recur; and to propose ways to make these objectives possible. Dr H C 'Nugget' Coombs as director-general of the Reconstruction Ministry had major input into this policy. The economic theories proposed by J M Keynes in 1936 were
6300-412: The police force, "do not share an interest with the working class". Left Renewal has advocated for aggressive tactics in the pursuit of anti-fascist action, against police brutality, and in serving the interests of Indigenous Australians, arguing these are all forms of self-defense and therefore equate to legitimate forms of violence. This has led to some condemnation from the more conservative elements of
6390-420: The prosecution of peace requires an explicit rejection of imperialism, and the genocide upon which it depends. It contends that Australia is based upon an act of genocide which exists within a broader framework of global imperialism. As part of this, it rejects the artificial creation of borders, and supports the liberation struggles of oppressed peoples for their sovereignty and land rights. The group also promotes
6480-653: The race to arrive first at the place of employment (the first person to turn up was usually hired.) This is depicted in the Australian film Caddie . Many Australians campaigned at a community level through organisations such as the Unemployed Workers Movement to demand improved welfare and relief. Authorities often attempted to repress protest through the use of repressive laws including bans on street marches and free speech. These in turn were resisted by campaigns of civil resistance, with Melbourne social realist artist Noel Counihan famously speaking from inside
6570-441: The soldiers who had just returned from war the hardest as they were in their mid-thirties and still suffering the trauma of their wartime experiences. At night many slept covered in newspapers at Sydney’s Domain or at Salvation Army refugees. The limited jobs that did arise were viciously fought for. The job vacancies were advertised in the daily newspaper, which formed massive queues to search for any job available. This then caused
6660-437: The spectre of another depression in their campaign rhetoric, utilised emergency wartime powers to introduce a command economy in Australia based on Keynesian principles. Unemployment was virtually eliminated in this period, being reduced to a record low of 1.1%. In 1942, income tax became federally controlled with the states conceding that the war effort needed a centrally controlled financial basis. In 1944, Curtin announced
6750-500: The state of Israel, the rise of modern fascism, the Australian housing crisis of the 2010s, public school funding, the RAAF's participation in the Syrian conflict, the refugee crisis and Australia's refugee detention centres, penalty rates, and many other progressive issues. The Left Renewal platform argues that society's struggle for social justice brings people into irreconcilable conflict with
6840-553: The states to allocate policy portfolios and other powers. Left Renewal has been critical of the Greens' practice of announcing 'Election Initiatives' - policy ideas that are released in official election periods, and mandated to align loosely with Greens' policy. These are approved by a Senator's office, rather than by state branches or the National Council. This has most controversially been the case with Richard Di Natale's Sugar Tax. Left Renewal statement then goes on to outline
6930-478: The support of the Nationalist Party of Australia . Lyons quit the ALP to become parliamentary leader of the newly established United Australia Party, with John Latham, Nationalist Leader of the Opposition, becoming the new party's deputy leader. In November 1931, Lang Labor dissidents chose to challenge the Scullin Labor government and align with the United Australia Party Opposition to pass
7020-472: The two-party preferred vote in both elections. Di Natale acted as health spokesperson for the Greens in Victoria and in 2002 spoke about the Greens' support for harm reduction policies to manage illicit drug use. In April 2007, Di Natale spoke out about the health implications of climate change, and later that year voiced concerns about terror laws in relation to the then suspect Muhamed Haneef . Di Natale
7110-429: The violent and antagonistic relationship that they see between capitalism and workers. It is argued that as workers, waged or unwaged, all people experience perpetual violence and that this violence must be brought to an end. Due to this, the group forthrightly claims, "We therefore fight to bring about the end of capitalism." It outlines that it believes that capitalism relies on violent and authoritarian divisions within
7200-463: The wages that workers wanted. The result was a series of strikes in many sectors of the economy in the late 1920s. Coal miners' strikes in the winter of 1929 brought much of the economy to its knees. A riot at a picket line in the Hunter Region mining town of Rothbury saw police shoot one teenage coal miner dead. The conservative Prime Minister of Australia , Stanley Bruce , wished to dismantle
7290-449: The working class, should never be pitted against one another, and that working toward a just transition in collaboration with and alongside the working class, is needed in order to "uncover a renewable world". The statement concludes by outlining that solutions to climate change cannot come from green-capital partnerships , and top-down market solutions, but must come from people organising in their workplaces and their communities. As such,
7380-434: The working class, such as elitism , sexism , racism , homophobia , transphobia , religious sectarianism , and ableism (among others); and that it is only with the abolition of these authoritarian relations that people will be able to create a thriving movement capable of transforming society. Due to this, the group feels there is an imperative to challenge these wherever they encounter it. Left Renewal puts forward that
7470-475: The world on a path to social transformation. As part of the group's interpretation of the ' grassroots democracy ' pillar of the party, the statement strongly argues for a participatory, democratic society that they say will be embodied in the organisation, through value the organisation places on participatory self-management, through members having agency over decisions which affect them, and through access to resources on which they are dependent in proportion to
7560-487: Was available. Single unemployed men had to make do in illegal camps or makeshift hostels in disused buildings, such as the old Redfern Fish Market . Shacks were built on the outskirts of large cities to house some who lost their homes, for example near the beach at Garie in the Royal National Park south of Sydney. There has been anecdotal evidence of families resorting to living in caves with authorities turning
7650-554: Was born in Syracuse, Sicily . Di Natale attended Parade College , graduating in 1987, and Monash University , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree in 1993. He later obtained Master of Public Health and Master of Health Science degrees from La Trobe University . Prior to entering parliament, Di Natale was a general practitioner and public health specialist. He worked in Aboriginal health in
7740-646: Was elected to the Senate in the 2010 federal election . A former general practitioner , Di Natale became federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne . He was the leader of the Greens during the 2016 and 2019 federal elections. Di Natale was born in Melbourne to Italian immigrants . His mother was born in San Marco in Lamis , Apulia, while his father
7830-400: Was elected unopposed as parliamentary leader of the Greens party room on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne from the position. The Greens achieved mixed results at the 2016 federal election . The Party targeted several House of Representatives seats, but did not win any additional seats despite achieving large swings. The party also lost a senator. Di Natale argued that
7920-493: Was nominated as the Australian Greens' lead senate candidate for Victoria for the 2010 federal election . Greens leader Senator Bob Brown labelled Di Natale as the Greens' "next strongest hope" at this election. At the 2010 election, Di Natale won a Senate seat representing Victoria. His term began on 1 July 2011. Upon taking up his seat in the Senate, Di Natale became the Greens' federal spokesperson for health. His other portfolios include sport and multiculturalism. Di Natale
8010-670: Was the Chair of the Senate Select Committee into the Abbott government 2014 federal budget budget cuts and Deputy Chair of the Senate Select Committee into health. He is the co-convener of the Parliamentary Friends for Drug Policy and Law Reform, the Parliamentary Friends of West Papua and the Parliamentary Friends of Medicine. On 3 February 2020, Di Natale resigned as leader of the Greens and announced his intention to resign from
8100-543: Was unconstitutional. The government unsuccessfully appealed the decision in the Privy Council . In 1949, the combined perceived threats of international and domestic communism and industrial unrest along with the public's waning support for extended rationing and intervention following the close of the War saw the return of Menzies to the prime ministership. Though Menzies was a conservative, his sixteen subsequent years in power saw
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