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LearnedLeague is a web-based, invitation-only global quiz league operated by Seattle -based software engineer Shayne Bushfield under the pseudonym "Thorsten A. Integrity". As of August 2023, it has over 28,000 members worldwide.

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32-432: Players are organized into leagues with nonspecific geographic designations like "Central" and "Frontier". Players in each league are then sorted into "rundles" based on past performance (all first-time players begin in special rookie rundles). A promotion-and-relegation system is used: a player can move up to higher rundles by finishing at or near the top of a lower one, or move down to lower rundles by finishing at or near

64-751: A goalpost and dousing them with ice water, Gatorade, and other substances. In the National Football League a rookie is any player who is in their first season playing professional football, having never signed a contract with a professional team before. The NFL awards the best rookie with the Associated Press NFL Rookie of the Year Award , as voted upon the Associated Press . In the NFL, rookies have special contract rules which limit how much

96-492: A hidden connection that is not announced beforehand, known as a Mystery Theme. Multiday competitions, called "MiniLeagues", are run in a similar manner to regular LearnedLeague seasons, but in lieu of rundles, players are assigned to ad hoc groups of 12. After 11 rounds of regular play are completed, the top two finishers in each group compete in a championship structured identically to the single-day competitions (non-finalists can play as well, but their scores are not recorded on

128-481: A rookie in the National Hockey League , a player must not have played in more than 25 NHL games in any preceding seasons, nor in six or more NHL games in each of any two preceding seasons. Any player at least 26 years of age (by September 15 of that season) is not considered a rookie. In Major League Soccer , a rookie is a player who has had no prior professional experience. MLS awards the best rookie with

160-520: A rookie is any player who has never played a game in the NBA until that year and the past 1 years. The NBA awards the best rookie with the NBA Rookie of the Year Award , as voted upon by a selected panel of United States and Canadian sportswriters and broadcasters. In the NBA, rookies have special contract rules which limit how much a team can pay them as well as limiting the length of the contract. To qualify as

192-489: A team can pay them as well as limiting the length of the contract, as per stipulations laid out in the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement . NASCAR and INDYCAR rookies (and non-rookie NASCAR drivers who are making their first start at a track that is not holding its first race) are denoted by a yellow stripe on sections of the car as prescribed in the respective rule books. In NASCAR, the rookie stripe

224-448: A value of 3 points, two questions values of 2 points, two questions values of 1 point, and one question a value of 0 points (allowing a maximum score per player of 9 points). A player's opponent will get the assigned point value if they answer correctly. Since the past performance of all players based on subject matter is openly available, defense is an important factor in gameplay. Answers must be submitted by 10 PM Pacific Time. Results from

256-794: Is a corruption of the word recruit . The earliest example in the OED is from Rudyard Kipling 's Barrack-Room Ballads (published 1892): " So 'ark an' 'eed, you rookies, which is always grumblin' sore ", referring to rookies in the sense of raw recruits to the British Army. At least during the beginning of the 20th century, in the British Army the term "rookie" was typically used in place of "recruit" as exemplified in Trenching at Gallipoli by John Gallishaw (New York Century Co.: 1916) and in The Amateur Army by Patrick MacGill (London, Herbert Jenkins: 1915). Perhaps

288-482: Is a little more than 18 months. The inaugural chief of staff, John R. Steelman , under Harry S. Truman , was the president's only chief of staff; Kenneth O'Donnell alone served in the position during John F. Kennedy 's unfinished term of 34 months in office. Andrew Card and Denis McDonough each served at least one entire presidential term of office under presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama , respectively. Chris Whipple, author of The Gatekeepers: How

320-405: Is a person new to an occupation, profession, or hobby. In sports, a rookie is a professional athlete in their first season (or year). In contrast with a veteran who has experience, a rookie is typically considered needing more training and learning, though they may bring a new outside expertise to a job. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the origins are uncertain, but that perhaps it

352-799: Is discouraged (if players are aware of a scheduling conflict, they can request access to up to ten days' questions in advance per season). Both cheating and repeated forfeiting are grounds for expulsion from LearnedLeague. New players can join LearnedLeague only if they are referred by current members in good standing. Prominent current and former players include Jeopardy! champion and host Ken Jennings , Game of Thrones showrunner David Benioff , musician Jackie Fox , actor Guy Branum , Rotisserie League Baseball inventor Daniel Okrent , writer Anna Quindlen , politician and former White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney , economist Steven Levitt , and journalist Dylan Matthews . Rookie A rookie

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384-549: Is located on the tail panel of the race car. The following rules are for rookie status in a national series: The following rules are for rookie status in the NTT IndyCar Series: To qualify as a rookie in Major League Baseball (MLB), a player must not have exceeded 130 at bats or fifty innings pitched in the majors, and also fewer than 45 days on the active rosters of major league clubs (excluding time on

416-488: Is what chiefs of staff do. The responsibilities of the chief of staff are both managerial and advisory and may include the following: These responsibilities have recently extended to firing of senior staff members. In the case of Omarosa Manigault Newman , who published a tape she alleged was made in the Situation Room of her firing by Chief of Staff John Kelly, the chief of staff said that his decision for her departure

448-591: The Great Depression , President Franklin D. Roosevelt relied on his famous ' Brain Trust ' of top advisers. Although working directly for the president, they were often appointed to vacant positions in federal agencies and departments, whence they drew their salaries since the White House lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create staff positions. It was not until 1939, during Roosevelt's second term in office, that

480-621: The MLS Rookie of the Year Award . White House Chief of Staff The White House Chief of Staff is the head of the Executive Office of the President of the United States , a cabinet position in the federal government of the United States. The chief of staff is a political appointee of the president of the United States who does not require Senate confirmation , and who serves at

512-463: The President's schedule. This concentration of power in the Nixon and Ford White House (whose last chief of staff was Dick Cheney ) led presidential candidate Jimmy Carter to campaign in 1976 with the promise that he would not appoint a chief of staff. And indeed, for the first two and a half years of his presidency, he appointed no one to the post. The average tenure for a White House chief of staff

544-468: The White House Chiefs of Staff Define Every Presidency , loosely describes the role of a White House chief of staff through his interview with former president Barack Obama : During the last days of his presidency, Barack Obama observed: 'One of the things I've learned is that the big breakthroughs are typically the result of a lot of grunt work—just a whole lot of blocking and tackling.' Grunt work

576-648: The bottom of an upper one. The top players in each league compete annually for the title of LearnedLeague Champion. Each calendar year is divided into four seasons. Each season includes 25 match days—essentially one per U.S. business day. Players are paired against each other each day during the season and compete in a six-question trivia match, with questions from 18 categories ranging from world history, science, and geography to lifestyle, food/drink, and television. Each player attempts to answer as many questions correctly as possible ("offense") and assigns point values to each question ("defense"). Players must assign one question

608-678: The disabled list or any time after rosters are expanded on September 1) in their previous seasons. Major League Baseball awards the best rookie with the Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award , as voted upon by the Baseball Writers' Association of America and first bestowed in 1947. Since 2001, MLB also issues the Major League Baseball Rookie of the Month Award . In the National Basketball Association ,

640-477: The expression is derived from "rook", whereby a "rookie" would be someone who is cheated or defrauded. In some sports there are traditions in which rookies must do things, or tricks are played on them. Examples in baseball include players having to dress up in very strange costumes, or getting hit in the face with a cream pie; a traditional rookie's " hazing " procedure in American football involves taping players to

672-421: The final list). The LearnedLeague Championship is an annual competition between the top competitors of each league. To qualify, a player must be ranked in the top three in an A Rundle in any of the preceding four seasons. The format is similar to the one-day format, with 12-question sets of which five must be moneyed. There are four such sets, and after the first two only those who score in the top half continue to

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704-500: The foundations of the modern White House staff were created using a formal structure. Roosevelt was able to persuade Congress to approve the creation of the Executive Office of the President , which would report directly to the president. During World War II , Roosevelt created the position of "Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief" for his principal military adviser, Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy . In 1946, in response to

736-400: The last two. The winner is the person who scores the most total points, and earns a scarf. Unlike regular LearnedLeague gameplay, the championship sets are proctored on a web communication platform such as Google Meet , and have a shorter timeframe to answer and money the questions. LearnedLeague players are prohibited by an honor code from looking up answers. In addition, forfeiting matches

768-412: The percentage of all players who got the question wrong . So, for example, if a player correctly answers a money question that 30% of all other players get right, they earn 70 points on top of the base 15, for a total of 85. Some One-Days Special follow a constraint where each question is accompanied by an image or audio, known as Just Images or Just Audio one-days, respectively. Other One-Days Special have

800-501: The pleasure of the President. While not a legally required role, all presidents since Harry S. Truman have appointed a chief of staff. In the administration of Joe Biden , the current chief of staff is Jeff Zients , who succeeded Ron Klain on February 8, 2023. The chief of staff is the most senior political appointee in the White House. The position is widely recognized as one of great power and influence, owing to daily contact with

832-438: The president became a rank generally shared by the chief of staff along with the other most senior presidential aides such as the White House counsel , the White House press secretary , and others. This new system did not catch on immediately however. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson still relied on their appointments secretaries instead, and it was not until the Nixon administration that the chief of staff took over maintenance of

864-535: The president of the United States and control of the Executive Office of the President of the United States . Originally, the duties now performed by the chief of staff belonged to the president's private secretary and were fulfilled by crucial confidantes and policy advisers such as George B. Cortelyou , Joseph Tumulty , and Louis McHenry Howe to presidents Theodore Roosevelt , Woodrow Wilson , and Franklin Roosevelt , respectively. The private secretary served as

896-458: The president's de facto chief aide, in a role that combined personal and professional assignments of highly delicate and demanding natures, requiring great skill and utmost discretion. The job of gatekeeper and overseeing the president's schedule was separately delegated to the appointments secretary, as with aide Edwin "Pa" Watson . From 1933 to 1939, as he greatly expanded the scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to

928-558: The president, and then report himself to Nixon on the officials' talking points. Journalist Bob Woodward , in his books All the President's Men (1974) and The Secret Man (2005), wrote that many of his sources, including Mark Felt , later revealed as " Deep Throat ", displayed a genuine fear of Haldeman. The background color of the No. column indicates each chief's political party, with blue for Democrats, red for Republicans, and tan for independents. Acting chiefs have their rows highlighted in

960-563: The previous day along with the new set of questions are released each Match Day by midnight Pacific time. Between regular seasons, a number of optional multiday and single-day competitions are held, each with a specific theme. Competitions have been on topics as varied as Boston , The Middle Ages , Steely Dan , and Misplaced Pages . In single-day competitions (individually known as a "One-Day Special"), all competitors answer 12 questions. All correct answers are worth 15 points, but five player-designated "money questions" award additional points equal to

992-428: The rapid growth of the U.S. government's executive branch , the position of "Assistant to the President of the United States" was established. Charged with the affairs of the White House, it was the immediate predecessor to the modern chief of staff. It was in 1953, under Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower , that the president's preeminent assistant was designated the "White House Chief of Staff". Assistant to

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1024-458: Was non-negotiable and that "the staff and everyone on the staff works for me and not the president." Richard Nixon 's first chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman , garnered a reputation in Washington for the iron hand he wielded in the position. Famously referring to himself as "the president's son-of-a-bitch", he was a rigid gatekeeper who would frequently meet with administration officials in place of

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