Leadership Dynamics , also known as Leadership Dynamics Institute (LDI) , was a private , for-profit company, owned by William Penn Patrick . The company focused on executive training, personal development and self-improvement . Leadership Dynamics was the first form of what psychologists termed " Large Group Awareness Training ".
54-472: William Penn Patrick wrote a booklet entitled Happiness and Success through Principle , in 1967, and founded Leadership Dynamics based on those principles. Every employee in the management of Holiday Magic were then expected to take part in the Leadership Dynamics coursework, which was described as having "overtones of strict military training techniques." William Penn Patrick was the financial backer of
108-508: A multilevel marketing structure, which was later characterized as a pyramid scheme . On May 16, 1974, a compromise settlement with approximately 31,000 class members, establishing a trust fund worth $ 2,600,381, was approved by the court. The organization was dissolved in 1974, subsequent to the death of Patrick in 1973. The company had been investigated by the Market Court of Sweden , United States Securities and Exchange Commission ,
162-540: A "pyramid sales organization". Turner described it as one of the first "pyramid marketing" companies in America. Clarke referred to the company as an "illegitimate" business. Tobias poked fun at the pyramid nature of the organization, in his book The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need , telling readers to be wary of "Holiday Magic - where the big money to be made was not in selling cosmetics, but in selling franchises to sell franchises (to sell franchises)" Howe wrote in
216-609: A book ( To Beirut and Back - An American in the Middle East ) dealing, in part, with his experiences. Glenn W. Turner worked briefly for Holiday Magic in 1966. He then started two multi-level marketing companies, Koscot Interplanetary , selling cosmetics, and Dare to Be Great, selling motivational and self-improvement courses. San Rafael, California District 2: Katie Rice San Rafael ( / ˌ s æ n r ə ˈ f ɛ l / SAN rə- FEL ; Spanish for " St. Raphael ", Spanish pronunciation: [san rafaˈel] )
270-574: A household in the city was $ 60,994; the median reported income for a family was $ 74,398 (these figures had risen to $ 67,789 and $ 85,459 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males reported a median income of $ 50,650 versus $ 39,912 for females. The reported per capita income for the city was $ 35,762. About 5.6% of families and 10.2% of the population reported incomes below the poverty line , including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over. BioMarin , Autodesk , In Defense of Animals , Westamerica Bank , and GIS Data Resources are among
324-465: A political party. San Rafael is governed by a city council with five members, four of which are elected by geographic district for four-year terms. Each Councilmember is required to live in the district they represent and are elected only by the registered voters of that district. The Mayor is elected at-large. The current members are: In the United States House of Representatives , San Rafael
378-761: Is U.S. Route 101 , connecting the North Coast (California) and the Redwood Empire to the north, and San Francisco to the south. Interstate 580 heads across the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge to the East Bay . The San Rafael Transit Center , located at the corner of 3rd and Hetherton Streets, is served by a number of bus agencies, including Golden Gate Transit , Marin Transit , Sonoma County Transit , Sonoma County Airport Express, and Greyhound . Local bus service
432-654: Is a city and the county seat of Marin County , California , United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area . As of the 2020 U.S. census , the city's population was 61,271, up from 57,713 in 2010. San Rafael was founded by the Spanish in 1817, when Vicente Francisco de Sarría established Mission San Rafael Arcángel , initially as an asistencia (sub-mission). San Rafael Arcángel
486-535: Is also a historic and walkable neighborhood south of First Street in close proximity to central Downtown. San Rafael is a stronghold of the Democratic Party . According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, San Rafael has 31,288 registered voters. Of those, 17,566 (56.1%) are registered Democrats , 4,292 (13.7%) are registered Republicans , and 8,121 (26%) have declined to state
540-725: Is also the home to one of the two campuses of Guide Dogs for the Blind , a guide dog training school. Most public schools in San Rafael are operated by the San Rafael City Schools district. Miller Creek Elementary School District operates some public elementary and middle schools north of San Rafael proper. All comprehensive public high schools are governed by San Rafael City Schools. The district operates two comprehensive public high schools: San Rafael High School , Terra Linda High School and one alternative high school, Madrone. In 2006,
594-520: Is from November to early April: rain is rare outside of this period and it is normal to receive no rain in June, July, August, and September. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1994 to June 1995 with 61.45 inches (1,560.8 mm) and the driest from July 1975 to June 1976 with 13.62 inches (345.9 mm). The most rain in one month was 24.11 inches (612.4 mm) in January 1995, and the heaviest 24-hour rainfall
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#1732890489155648-650: Is in California's 2nd congressional district , represented by Democrat Jared Huffman . From 2008 to 2012, Huffman represented Marin County in the California State Assembly . In the California State Legislature , San Rafael is in: San Rafael has one university, Dominican University of California . The Ali Akbar College of Music , was founded in San Rafael by Indian musician Ali Akbar Khan to teach Indian classical music . San Rafael
702-514: Is provided primarily by Golden Gate Transit and Marin Transit. Commuter rail by Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART) serves the city at two stations: a converted San Rafael Transit Center and a station at Marin Civic Center . The line to Santa Rosa and its Airport opened in 2017 bringing passenger rail to San Rafael for the first time since 1958. Until 1958, San Rafael was served by
756-696: The San Francisco Chronicle that Holiday Magic was "one of the largest of all pyramid schemes". Holiday Magic is used as an example in graduate level criminal justice coursework to analyze the nature of corporate scams. According to the Duke Law Journal : "Illegality permeated every facet of the promotion of the Holiday Magic marketing program." One of the Holiday Magic Inc. cases was also cited by The University of Chicago Law Review and
810-667: The Columbia Law Review . The Office of the State Attorney General in Maine, United States cites In re Holiday Magic, Inc., 84 F.T.C. 748 as an example of pyramid schemes . Faltinsky described Holiday Magic as "the largest pyramid scam of all time". In 1967, William Penn Patrick wrote a booklet, entitled Happiness and Success through Principle , and founded Leadership Dynamics based on those principles. Holiday Magic distributors were invited, though not required, to attend
864-572: The Federal Trade Commission , and the State of California . In 1964, after a bankruptcy and several business failures, Patrick (age 33) was walking by a garage in San Rafael, California , and noted that fruit-scented cosmetics were being sold. The company called Zolene was about to go out of business. Patrick bought all of the cosmetics supplies for $ 16,250, and founded Holiday Magic, Inc. After
918-651: The Marin County Civic Center in San Rafael. Much of the movie Gattaca , starring Ethan Hawke , was also shot in the Marin County Civic Center. Industrial Light & Magic was founded in 1975 by Lucas to do special effects for his films and those of other filmmakers. The new-age music program Hearts of Space has been headquartered in San Rafael since 2004. Largely because of the presence of LucasFilm, San Rafael started to attract video game developers, with several major studios located in
972-591: The Mexican secularization act of 1833 , the Mexican government took over the California missions in 1834, and Mission San Rafael was abandoned in 1844, eventually falling into ruin. The San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad reached San Rafael in 1879 and was linked to the national rail network in 1888. The United States Navy operated a San Pablo Bay degaussing range from San Rafael through World War II . According to
1026-686: The Northwestern Pacific Railroad . The line from San Rafael was extended to Larkspur to make Larkspur Landing ferry connection in December 2019. The term " 420 ", as used in reference to cannabis consumption, originated in San Rafael. A group of students of the San Rafael High School class of 1975 known as the Waldos used "420" as a code for smoking marijuana at 4:20 p.m., after school. Shel Silverstein 's poem "The Smoke-Off"
1080-576: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 22.5 square miles (58 km ). 16.6 square miles (43 km ) of it is land and 6.0 square miles (16 km ) of it (26.42%) is water. San Francisco is 16 miles (26 km) to the south. The San Rafael shoreline has been historically filled to a considerable extent to accommodate land development, with underlying bay mud (saturated clayed silt) of up to 90 feet (27 m) in thickness. At certain locations such as Murphys Point,
1134-626: The 2010 Census, there were 70,197 residents of San Rafael postal addresses (ZIP codes 94901 and 94903). The following statistics refer to the incorporated limits of San Rafael only. The population density was 2,573.9 inhabitants per square mile (993.8/km ). The racial makeup of San Rafael was 40,734 (70.6%) White , 1,154 (2.0%) African American , 709 (1.2%) Native American , 3,513 (6.1%) Asian , 126 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 8,513 (14.8%) from other races , and 2,964 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17,302 persons (30.0%). The Census reported that 55,594 people (96.3% of
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#17328904891551188-399: The 2016-2020 US Census report, different regions of San Rafael remain below the poverty line of 11.4%. According to San Rafael's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: After the arrival of George Lucas in San Rafael in 1970 to film the movie THX 1138 , the city became a center for the entertainment industry, particularly the high-tech elements of
1242-577: The Leadership Dynamics Institute self-improvement sessions at a cost of $ 1000 each. Those in the positions of instructor general, trainer general, and senior general were required to take the training. Navarro described the training as having "overtones of strict military training techniques. Ben Gay, a high-level instructor at Leadership Dynamics, was president of Holiday Magic in the United States. Though he claimed Leadership Dynamics
1296-502: The Leadership Dynamics Institute. Mathe cited Lifespring, Insight Seminars, PSI Seminars , New Warriors, and Impact as groups that were influenced by Leadership Dynamics. Holiday Magic Holiday Magic was a multi-level marketing organization, founded in 1964, by William Penn Patrick (1930–1973) in the United States. Originally the organization distributed goods such as home-care products and cosmetics. Company distributors were encouraged to recruit other distributors in
1350-571: The San Rafael City Schools district removed The Bronze Bow from their social studies curriculum, after allegations of the book showing Jews in a bad light compared to Christians . Notable private schools include Marin Academy , Saint Raphael School, and Brandeis Marin. The Marin School was a private nonsectarian school that closed in 2023. The major north–south freeway through San Rafael
1404-452: The United States. Though he claimed Leadership Dynamics was a separate company, "..in no way related to Holiday Magic, Inc.", author Gene Church pointed out many inconsistencies in this statement. According to a lawsuit brought against Holiday Magic by the Securities and Exchange Commission , in order to advance to the positions of Instructor General, Trainer General, and Senior General within
1458-456: The business. Lucasfilm was founded by George Lucas in 1971, and is best known for the global hit movie series Star Wars and also for Indiana Jones . Some of the company's operations were moved to San Francisco in 2005. Portions of the Universal movie production American Graffiti were filmed in downtown San Rafael under George Lucas's direction, and portions of THX 1138 were shot at
1512-705: The case United States v. Nocera, et al. (unrelated to Holiday Magic). Larry Stephen Huff , another key individual in the company, served two years in a Federal Prison, for charges related to a Ponzi scam (unrelated to Holiday Magic). Abe F. March held several executive positions for Holiday Magic and parent company U.S. Universal; Regional Vice President, Canada (1971–1972), Vice President, Greece (1972–1973) and Managing Director for Sta-Power, Germany (1973). He subsequently bought exclusive rights for Middle East distribution of Holiday Magic cosmetics and formed his own company, Beauty Magic, in Beirut, Lebanon. In 2006 he published
1566-636: The city being named after the Archangel Raphael , the Angel of Healing. The mission was originally planned as a hospital site for Central Valley American Indians who had become ill at the cold San Francisco Mission Dolores . Father Luis Gil, who spoke several Native American languages, was put in charge of the facility. In part because of its ideal weather, San Rafael was later upgraded to full mission status in 1822. The mission had 300 converts within its first year, and 1,140 converts by 1828. Following
1620-561: The city in 2010 was 59.0% non-Hispanic White , 1.8% non-Hispanic African American , 0.2% Native American , 6.0% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 0.3% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. 30.0% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 22,371 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18, 44.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who
1674-488: The city: Community in San Rafael include Albert Park , Boyd Park, Gerstle Park, Pickleweed Park and the Terra Linda Recreational Center. Notable large parks include China Camp State Park and McNear's Beach Park. There are a number of neighborhood parks and mini-parks such as Bret Harte Park, Boyd Park, Sun Valley Park, Oleander Park, Victor Jones Park, Peacock Gap Park and Gerstle Park. Gerstle Park
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1728-489: The companies headquartered in San Rafael. In May 2022, Autodesk announced its intention to move its headquarters to San Francisco, along with its 578 employees, and close the San Rafael office by October of that year. San Rafael, a small city situated in Marin County , is known for its affluent suburban/urban environment. Despite the median income for a family in San Rafael reaching an estimated amount of $ 97,009 according to
1782-414: The company, and also provided the financial backing for Holiday Magic and Alexander Everett 's Mind Dynamics . Patrick stated that students of the Leadership Dynamics Institute would be able to lead "a more creative and constructive life." Patrick utilized the principles of Everett's Mind Dynamics in his company. Ben Gay, a high-level instructor at Leadership Dynamics, was President of Holiday Magic in
1836-585: The company, employees were mandated to take part in the Leadership Dynamics training. In 1970, William Penn Patrick bought Mind Dynamics, and the Leadership Dynamics coursework soon became popular in the United States , Europe , and Australia . However, Patrick's businesses became involved in pyramid schemes , and Leadership Dynamics, Holiday Magic, and Mind Dynamics shut down in 1973. Michael Langone wrote in Business and Society Review that Leadership Dynamics
1890-448: The course, have considered it as a Holiday Magic Business expense. Sales Dynamics was another program of instruction for pay available to Holiday Magic Distributors to help them in their business activities. In 1974, after almost 10 years in operation and tied to pyramid schemes and controversy, both Leadership Dynamics and Mind Dynamics ceased operations. CEO and President Roland R. Nocera pleaded guilty to securities fraud , in
1944-585: The freezing mark. The National Weather Service reports that August is usually the warmest month with a high of 80.1 °F (26.7 °C) and a low of 55.0 °F (12.8 °C). December, the coldest month, has an average high of 55.1 °F (12.8 °C) and an average low of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). The highest temperature on record is 110 °F (43.3 °C), recorded in June 1961. The highest temperature in recent years, 108 °F (42.2 °C), occurred on July 23, 2006, and 108 °F (42.2 °C) again on September 6, 2020. The record lowest temperature
1998-489: The lawsuit, Avon Products' claimed that "Holiday Magic employees distributed leaflets accusing Avon of goon squads, paying off The District attorney's office." In June 1973, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission filed a lawsuit against Holiday Magic, charging Patrick with "bilking some 80,000 people out of more than $ 250 million through his Holiday Magic cosmetics and soap empire". The company
2052-654: The population) lived in households, 1,314 (2.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 805 (1.4%) were institutionalized. There were 22,764 households, out of which 6,358 (27.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 9,845 (43.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,004 (8.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,133 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,450 (6.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 301 (1.3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 7,434 households (32.7%) were made up of individuals, and 2,954 (13.0%) had someone living alone who
2106-438: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 28,040 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 56,063 people, 22,371 households, and 12,773 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,378.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,304.6/km ). There were 22,948 housing units at an average density of 1,383.1 units per square mile (534.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of
2160-453: The purchase, Patrick began selling distributorships in his new company. Patrick, a student of Alexander Everett (founder of Mind Dynamics ), used Mind Dynamics techniques as well as the Silva Method in the Holiday Magic organization. The State of California filed suit against Holiday Magic in December 1972. In February 1973, Holiday Magic was sued for calumny by Avon Products . In
2214-546: The sandstone or shale rock outcrops through the mud. San Rafael has a wide diversity of natural habitats from forests at the higher elevations to marshland and estuarine settings. Its marshes are home to the endangered species salt marsh harvest mouse . There are also riparian areas including the San Rafael Creek and Miller Creek corridors. San Rafael has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csb ), with mild winter lows seldom reaching
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2268-447: Was 20 °F (−6.7 °C) on December 22, 1990. There are an average of 17.9 afternoons annually with a high of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or more and 1.2 afternoons with a high of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or more. Freezing temperatures (32 °F/0 °C or below) occur on an average of 3.6 mornings. Total annual precipitation averages 32.16 inches (816.9 mm), with an average of 64.3 days with measurable rain. The rainy season
2322-421: Was 40.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. There were 24,011 housing units at an average density of 1,070.9 units per square mile (413.5 units/km ), of which 11,909 (52.3%) were owner-occupied, and 10,855 (47.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 27,554 people (47.7% of
2376-433: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.99. The age distribution was as follows: 19.5% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. The reported median income for
2430-421: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44. There were 12,982 families (57.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.02. The population was spread out, with 11,132 people (19.3%) under the age of 18, 4,956 people (8.6%) aged 18 to 24, 16,915 people (29.3%) aged 25 to 44, 15,574 people (27.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 9,136 people (15.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
2484-476: Was 8.74 inches (222.0 mm) on December 11, 1995. A trace of snow was recorded on January 30, 1976. The 2010 United States Census reported that the city of San Rafael had a population of 57,713. This figure does not, however, include portions of the Santa Venetia and Lucas Valley-Marinwood CDPs , nor various other unincorporated areas, all of which have San Rafael postal addresses; in total, according to
2538-427: Was a separate company, "in no way related to Holiday Magic, Inc.", Gene Church pointed out many inconsistencies in this statement, in his book The Pit: A Group Encounter Defiled . William Penn Patrick bought Mind Dynamics in 1970. The Mind Dynamics course was described as providing "a means of achieving personal success through the conscious use of the subconscious mind". Distributors for Holiday Magic, who took
2592-672: Was also labeled a "pyramid scheme" and a "multi-level distributorship" by the United States Bureau of Domestic Commerce, in their 1976 published book: Crimes Against Business: A Management Perspective . The company was cited by the United States House of Representatives in a 1975 hearing as an example of consumer fraud, again in 1977, and in 1991, in a hearing by the House Committee on Small Business. Katz's Everybody's Business: An Almanac also referred to Holiday Magic as
2646-419: Was founded as the 20th Spanish mission in the colonial province of Alta California by three priests—Father Narciso Durán from Mission San José , Father Abella from Mission San Francisco de Asís , Father Luis Gíl y Taboada from La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles —on December 14, 1817, four years before Mexico gained independence from Spain . The mission from which the downtown grew and
2700-666: Was imposed. The company was termed as part of the "big three" scams, in a 1974 United States Senate hearing before the Consumers of the Committee on Commerce that dealt with pyramid sales . 1974 hearings before the Congressional Oversight panel of the Federal Trade Commission described Holiday Magic as a "Multi-level marketer of cosmetics", that used an "unfair and deceptive pyramid distribution scheme". Holiday Magic
2754-544: Was investigated by the Federal Trade Commission , and in June 1973 the company was found guilty of deceptive trade practices. The FTC found that Holiday Magic was in violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act , and section 2 (a) of the Clayton Antitrust Act . In 1973, Holiday Magic's proceedings were prohibited by the Market Court of Sweden, and a fine of 2 million Swedish kronor
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#17328904891552808-453: Was later made into a film, Circle of Power . Langone noted that many forms of transformational trainings were at the least, indirectly influenced by Leadership Dynamics. While working for Holiday Magic, Lifespring founder John Hanley attended a course at Leadership Dynamics. Chris Mathe, at the time a Ph.D. candidate in clinical psychology , wrote that most of today's current forms of Large-Group Awareness Training were modeled after
2862-641: Was one of the first "transformational trainings". The extreme form of human potential movement training led to a series of lawsuits for the company. This extreme training involved subjecting course participants to abusive practices such as beating, food and sleep deprivation, being placed inside of coffins, and degrading sexual acts. Lawsuits against the company by former participants in the coursework alleged that students were sexually abused and tortured, including being placed in coffins or on crosses. The non-fiction book, The Pit: A Group Encounter Defiled described some of these practices in great detail, and this
2916-551: Was upgraded to full mission status in 1822, a month before Alta California declared independence from Spain as part of Mexico . Following the American Conquest of California , the community of San Rafael incorporated as a city in 1874. San Rafael was once the site of several Coast Miwok villages: Awani-wi , near downtown San Rafael, Ewu , near Terra Linda and Shotomko-cha , in Marinwood . Mission San Rafael Arcángel
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